-
1/28
I- gii thiu v tcvn v iso
- Tiu chun l nhng iu khon, ch tiu k thut p dng cho mt (hoc mt nhm) i tng nhm m bo tho mn cc yu cu ra.
Chng 1
Cc tiu chun c bn v trnh by bn v
- Tiu chun thng do mt t chc c kh nng v chuyn mn, k thut, nghip v son tho v xut, sau phi c mt t chc cp cao hn xt duyt v cng b.
- Mi nc u c h thng tiu chun ring ca mnh.
- Mi tiu chun u mang tnh php l k thut ; mi cn b
k thut phi nghim tc p dng
-
2/28
Tiu chun quc t ISO
( International Organization for Standardization )
- Thnh lp t nm 1946
- Pht trin mnh m v nhiu lnh vc
- Vit Nam v ang tng bc p dng ISO trong mt s
lnh vc.
- Cc tiu chun u c nh k sot xt, b sung
-
3/28
II- kh giy: Mi bn v phi c v trn mt kh giy qui
nh gi l kh bn v, l kch thc ca t giy sau khi xn.
TCVN 2-74 quy nh nhng kh chnh trong ngnh c kh:
Ngoi ra cn c kh ph v kh c bit, cu to t kh n v
* ngha ca k hiu kh: Gm 2 con s. S th nht ch bi s
cnh di 297,25mm ca kh n v; s th hai ch bi s cnh
ngn 210.25mm. Tch ca 2 con s bng s lng ca kh n v
cha trong kh giy .
Kh A0 kch thc 1189 x 841 mm cn gi l kh 44
Kh A1 kch thc 594 x 841 mm cn gi l kh 24
Kh A2 kch thc 594 x 420 mm cn gi l kh 22
Kh A3 kch thc 297 x 420 mm cn gi l kh 12
Kh A4 kch thc 297 x 210 mm cn gi l kh 11 (Trong kh A4 c gi l kh n v)
-
4/28
525
5
5 Khung bn v
Khung tn
a- Khung bn v: V
bng nt lin m v c
k cch mp t giy
5mm. Khi cn ng thnh
tp th cnh tri ca
khung bn v k cch
mp tri t giy 25mm
b- Khung tn: V bng nt lin m v c t gc phi,
pha di ca bn v. Cnh di ca khung tn xc nh hng -
ng bng ca bn v. C th t khung tn dc theo cnh di
hoc cnh ngn ca kh giy, ring kh A4 phi t theo cnh
ngn.
1- khung bn v v khung tn: Mi bn v u phi
c khung bn v v khung tn
-
5/28
A2
A2 A3
A4
A4
A3
A3
Cho php v chung trn mt t giy nhiu bn v nhng mi bn
v phi c khung bn v v khung tn ring. Hng ca u con s
kch thc l t di ln trn v t phi sang tri
-
6/28
* Khung tn dng trong nh trng c th dng mu sau:
20 30 15
25
140
88 3
2
88 (1) (2) (3)
(4) (5) (6)(7)
(8)(9)(10)
(11)
Ni dung ghi trong cc ca khung tn:
(1)- Ngi v
(2)- H v tn ngi v
(3)- Ngy v
(4)- Kim tra
(5)- Ch k ngi kim tra
(6)- Ngy hon thnh
(7)- u bi tp hay tn gi chi tit
(8)- Vt liu ca chi tit
(9)- Tn trng, khoa, lp
(10)- T l bn v
(11)- K hiu bn v
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7/28
III- t l :
T l ca bn v l t s gia kch thc o c trn hnh biu din
vi kch thc tng ng o c trn vt th
Trong mt bn v k thut, cc hnh biu din phi v theo cc t
l do TCVN 3-74 quy nh. C th:
T l thu nh : 1:2 1:2,5 1:4 1:5 1:10 1:15 1:20
T l phng to : 2:1 2,5:1 4:1 5:1 10:1 20:1 40:1
T l nguyn hnh : 1:1
K hiu t l c ghi dnh ring trong khung tn ca bn v
v c vit theo kiu : 1:1 ; 1:2 ; 2:1 v.v Cn trong nhng tr-ng hp khc phi ghi theo kiu : TL 1:1 ; TL 1:2 ; TL 2:1 ...
* Ch : D bn v v theo t l no th con s kch thc ghi
trn bn v vn l gi tr thc, khng ph thuc vo t l.
-
8/28
IV- ch v s vit trn bn v
Ch v s vit trn bn v phi r rng, chnh xc, khng gy
nhm ln v c quy nh bi TCVN 6-85
* Kh ch: L chiu cao h ca ch in hoa.
C cc loi kh: 2,5 ; 3,5 ; 5 ; 7 ; 10 ; 14 ; 20 ; 28 ; 40 ; ... Cho
php dng kh > 40 nhng khng c dng kh < 2,5.
Kiu A: B dy nt ch = 1/14h (thng ng hoc nghing 750)
Kiu B: B dy nt ch = 1/10h (thng ng hoc nghing 750)
* C 2 kiu ch: Kiu A v kiu B.
Kiu A Kiu B
-
9/28
Khong cch gia 2 t, 2 con s: 6/14h 6/10h
Bc nh nht ca cc dng: 22/14h 17/10h
B dy nt ch: 1/14h 1/10h
Khong cch gia 2 ch, 2 ch s: 2/14h 2/10h
Cc thng s ca ch c xc nh theo kh ch nh sau:
Kiu A Kiu B
Chiu cao ch thng 10/14h 7/10h
ch hoa nghing
-
10/28
ch thng nghing
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
s nghing
-
11/28
ch hoa ng
-
12/28
ch thng ng
S ng
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
-
13/28
V- ng nt
Trn bn v k thut, cc hnh biu din ca vt th c to
thnh bi nhiu loi ng c tnh cht khc nhau. phn bit,
chng phi c v bng nhng loi nt v khc nhau, lm cho
bn v thm sng sa v d c.
C 9 loi nt v (c th hin qua cc th d trang sau)
TCVN 0008-1993 quy nh tn gi, hnh dng, b dy v cng
dng ca cc loi nt v nh sau:
-
14/28
Cch v v cng dng ca cc loi nt
1- Nt lin m: v ng
bao thy ca vt th; khung
bn v; khung tn v.v
S = 0.5 - 0.7
2- Nt lin mnh: v ng
dng, ng kch thc, ng
gch mt ct v.v
S/3
3- Nt ln sng: V ng gii
hn cc hnh biu din
S/3
4- Nt dch dc: V ng ct
la di
S/3
5- Nt gch chm mnh:
v ng trc, ng tm, ng
chia ca bnh rng v.v
S/3
-
15/28
6- Nt t: V ng bao khut
ca vt th
7- Nt ct: ch v tr ca mt
phng ct
8- Nt gch chm m: Ch dn
cc b mt cn c x l ring (nhit
luyn, ph, ho bn)
9- Nt gch hai chm mnh: V tr
u, cui ca cc chi tit chuyn ng;
Phn chi tit nm trc mt phng ct v.v
S/2
1,5S
S/2
S/3
-
16/28
V d v cc nt v
1- Nt lin m
1
5- Nt gch - chm mnh
5
2
2- Nt linmnh
3
3- Nt ln sng
4
4- Nt dch dc
6
6- Nt t
1200 A
A 7
7- Nt ct
8 - 9 Xem trang sau
-
17/28
M Niken
9
8
8- Nt gch - chm m
- B dy ca mi loi nt v cn thng nht trong cng mt
bn v
* Mt s quy nh s dng cc loi nt v:
9- Nt gch - hai chm mnh
-
18/28
Tm ng trn c xc nh bi giao
im ca hai nt gch ( khng phi
du chm).
Cc nt gch chm hoc gch hai
chm phi bt u v kt thc bng
cc gch v k vt qu ng bao mt
khong bng 3 n 5 mm.
Tm ca l trn trn mt bch trn c xc nh bi 1 nt
cung trn ng tm vi vng trn mt bch v 1 nt gch hng
theo bn knh ca vng trn .
Nhng ng trn c K 12mm
(trn bn v), th ng tm v bng
nt lin mnh.
-
19/28
VI- ghi kch thc trn bn v
1- Nguyn tc chung:
Kch thc ghi trn bn v l gi tr kch thc thc ca vt th, khng ph thuc vo t l bn v.
Mi kch thc ch ghi mt ln, khng ghi lp li.
n v o kch thc di l mm, trn bn v khng ghi n v. Trng hp dng cc n v khc phi c ghi ch r rng.
n v o kch thc gc l , pht, giy.
2- Cc thnh phn ca mt kch
thc: Gm 4 thnh phn
401
2 3 4
1- ng dng
2- ng kch thc
3- Mi tn
4- Con s kch thc
Khng ghi kch thc ng bao khut.Khng dng ng trc, ng tm lm ng kch thc
-
20/28
ng dng:
L ng gii hn kch thc. c v bng nt lin mnh v c ko di t 2
ng bao, 2 ng trc, 2 ng tm, c
th gia 2 ng kthc khc. ab
ng dng c v vt qu ng
kch thc mt on t 3 n 5 mm
v c k vung gc vi on cn
ghi kch thc (Khi cn cho php k
xin gc nh hnh v bn).
ng kch thc:
Biu th on c ghi kthc v c k song song vi on
. N cng c v bng nt lin mnh v c vch gia 2 -
ng dng, 2 ng trc, 2 ng tm, c th vch gia 2 ng
bao hoc 2 ng kch thc khc.
-
21/28
45o
Khi thay mi tn bng vch xin th ng kch thc
cng v vt qu ng dng khong t 3 n 5 mm.
Mi tn:
a b c
Mi tn c v hai u ng kch thc
v chm vo ng dng. Hnh dng mi tn
c th v nh hnh a (mi tn c) hoc hnh
b (gc m 300)
- ng kch gc l mt cung trn c tm trng vi nh gc.
55
-
22/28
Cho php thay mi tn bng du
chm hoc vch xin
Mi tn c th v pha trong
hoc pha ngoi ng dng, con s
kthc cng c th vit bn ngoi
hoc bn trong ( nu vit bn ngoi
th phi vit v pha dng bn phi).
Khng cho php bt k ng nt no
ca bn v c v ct qua mi tn
6
Con s kch thc:
Ch gi tr tht ca kch thc, n
khng ph thuc vo t l bn v v
c vit vi kh t 2.5 tr ln.
-
23/28
Chiu ca con s kch thc di ph thuc vo chiu
nghing ca ng kch thc (xem hnh v). Nhng kch thc
nm trong khu vc cm th con s kch thc c dng v vit
ra ngoi, trn gi ngang.
Chiu con s kch thc gc ph thuc vo chiu nghing ca ng vung gc
vi phn gic ca gc .
42
Con s kthc gc nm trong khu vc cm bt buc phi dng v vit ra ngoi, trn gi ngang.
Cho php vit trn gi ngang cho mi trng hp.
30
-
24/28
3- Cc quy tc ghi kch thc:
Kch thc ng knh: ng trn v cc cung trn > 1/2 ng
trn th ghi kch thc ng knh. Trc con s ch gi tr ng knh
c k hiu ; ng kch thc k qua tm hoc dng ra ngoi.
80
60
>5
40
Kch thc di: Nu c nhiu kch
thc song song nhau th kch thc nh
t trong, kch thc ln t ra ngoi ;
cc ng kch thc cch nhau 1
khong > 5mm, lc con s kch th-
c c vit so le cho d c.
-
25/28
C th dng mt mi tn ghi kch thc
ng knh nhng ui mi tn phi ko qu
tm mt khong 1/3 bn knh.
50
12
40
-
26/28
Kch thc bn knh: Nhng cung trn 1/2 ng trn th ghi
kthc bn knh. Trc con s ch
gi tr bn knh c k hiu R, -
ng kch thc k qua tm cung
v ch c 1 mi tn.
R5 R10
Cu20
Ghi kch thc mp vt:
Khi gc vt bng 45o
Kch thc hnh cu: Trc k hiu ng knh hay bn knh cu
c ghi ch Cu hoc k hiu
Khi gc vt khc 45o
-
27/28
Ghi kch thc cnh hnh vung: C th ghi bng hai cch nh hnh di (k hiu c l vung)
40x40 40
4l10
Ghi kch thc cc phn t ging
nhau: Nu c nhiu phn t ging
nhau v phn b c qui lut th ch
ghi kch thc mt phn t km theo
s lng cc phn t.
-
28/28
Ghi kch thc theo chun 0 : Nu cc kch thc lin tip
nhau xut pht t mt chun chung th chn chun chung
ghi kch thc (chun 0). Chun c xc nh bng mt chm
m; cc ng kch thc ch c mt mi tn; con s kch thc -
c vit u ng dng.
55
115
85
0
20