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Calibration of torque tools
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1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................2
2 WHAT IS CALIBRATION? ........................................................... 3-5
2.1 Why do we need calibration and determining of capability? ......3
2.2 How does calibration differ from service? ..................................5
3 CREDIBILITY OF RESULTS ........................................................ 6-9
3.1 Traceability of measuring equipment ..........................................6
3.2 Conditions for performing calibration .........................................7 3.3 Measurement uncertainty .............................................................8
3.4 Calibration certicate.................................................................. 9
4 ACCREDITED AND NON-ACCREDITED CALIBRATION ... 10-12
4.1 Why use accredited calibration? ................................................10
4.2 Rules for performing calibration ..........................................11-12
5 ADVANTAGES OF THE ATLAS COPCO LABORATORY ......13-17
5.1 Who are Atlas Copco? ......................................................... 13-14
5.2 Services provided ................................................................. 14-16
5.3 Contact ....................................................................................... 17
6 APPENDIXES .............................................................................. 18-22
Atlas Copco s.r.o. accreditation certicate and appendix ......... 18-19 Sample calibration certicate
3-point calibration of a rise-and-fall pendant ..................................20
ISO 9001, ISO 14001 certicates...............................................21-22
Contents
CALIBRATION OF HAND TORQUE TOOLS 1
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Using calibration services for torque tools, torque transducers
and torque measuring tools (collectively torque measuringequipment) signicantly contributes to compliance with
prescribed parameters in all technical activities that require
reliable tightening results. Increasing product safety requirements
for are especially important in the automotive industry, but are
also applied in assembly and other industrial elds.
The purpose of this publication is to provide information onthe importance of accredited calibration services for torque
measuring equipment. It presents the work provided by
calibration laboratories and the range of information provided
on calibrated devices to their users. The publication also explains
important concepts associated with the work of calibration
laboratories.
1. Introduction
Fig. 1 Sample use of a hand
torque tool.
2 CALIBRATION OF HAND TORQUE TOOLS
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2.1 Why do we need calibration and
determining of capability?
Services for torque measuring equipment include maintenance
and repair, as well as equipment adjustment. These services are
needed wherever it is necessary to monitor the parameters of tight-
ening tools. A good service organization will provide adjustments
to meet the users requirements (and according the knowledge of
its employees). However, this service is no substitute for independ-
ent, impartial assessment of the equipments ability to achieve the
required results.
A direct request for independent accredited calibration and deter-
mining of capability may arise from a customers quality manage-
ment system certication. Chapter 7.6 of ISO 9001 refers to cali-
bration of measuring equipment according to standards associated
with national or international standards. The stricter ISO/TS 16949
standard, in chapter 7.6.3.2, demands that a calibration laboratory
be directly accredited according to ISO/IEC 17025 (although it
also allows for other forms of verication of a laboratorys capa-
bilities).
2. What is calibration?
Fig. 2 Mobile equipment for testing
hand torque tools.
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The quality cost of badly performing tools
Badly
performing
tool reported
by the
employee
Quality control
detects that the
joint is wrong
10
???
???
1000
100
Final inspection
detects that theassembly is wrong
Expense of
warranty repairCustomer detects that
the assembly is wrong
Losses mounttenfold
Lets hope that the
rest are OK!
On a properly working tool, a sensor measures tightening torque at 25 Nm,where ~24.8 Nm is the set torque and ~0.2 Nm is the friction on the gearsand joints.
During work, the set torque gradually changes, but the sensor still shows25 Nm. If internal friction reaches 5 Nm, the tool will tighten only to 20 Nm.
Are your tools really adjusted right?
25Nm or 20Nm?
SensorGears
Bearings
What problems can calibration detect?
Electric and pneumatic wrenchesand screwdrivers (Gear wear)
Variance
(3)
Number of tightenings (Worn angle and planetary gears)
Tools live longer with regular preventative maintenance.
x x
70% max. tightening torque
Tool set to maximum
tightening torque
Gear replacement needed
Failure
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2.2 How does calibration differ from service?
Torque tools, torque transducers and torque measuring devices
are calibrated by a calibration laboratory within the scope
specied in a valid accreditation certicate, or more precisely
in its appendix. For accredited calibration (see chapter 4), the
calibration laboratory is bound by specic rules, and violation of
them can result in revocation of the laboratorys accreditation. The
calibration laboratorys customer can be sure that an auditor and
a professional expert conduct strict inspections of the laboratory
employees activities. The customer can also submit a complaint
regarding the laboratorys activities, and complaint resolution is
the object of special attention by the supervisory authority.
A calibration laboratorys management system involves a
number of monitoring instruments. These include upgrading
employees qualications, inspection of the technical equipment
used, managing disputes and taking systematic measures, all
the way to internal audits conducted by a qualied employee.
The basic difference between adjustment in a service context
and calibration of torque tools is the reliability and credibility
of the parameters required when using the tools.
Fig. 3 Sample equipment for
testing dynamic torque tools.
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3.2 Conditions for performing calibration
A laboratorys activities include calibration conducted under
laboratory conditions and calibration conducted externally on
the customers premises. Monitored values include the ambient
temperature and humidity. For this monitoring, the laboratory has
barometers and thermometers calibrated at accredited calibration
laboratories. The standard environmental condition for obtaining
proper measuring results is a temperature between 18C and 28C
(preferably between 20C and 22C) and a maximum of 90%
humidity. The temperature during calibration must be recorded.
If, during measurement, there is a deviation of more than 1C,
measurement must be repeated. If the customer denes different
temperature conditions for using calibrated measuring equipment,
the uncertainty must be adjusted. Based on the manufacturers
data, the uncertainty caused by the temperature difference during
calibration and ordinary use must also be added.
To obtain reliable results, treatment of the calibrated equipment is also
essential.
In laboratory calibration, equipment is inspected upon receipt. (An
ineligible equipment cannot be accepted for calibration and is sent for
service or returned to the customer.) Throughout the process, thorough
marking and monitoring of the course of the activities are ensured.
For calibration on the customers premises, the equipment is inspected
and accepted for calibration, but the customer is responsible for its
condition.
If there is any damage to the tool, the situation is recorded, the
customer is immediately informed, and after evaluation, corrective
action is taken.
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3.3 Measurement uncertainty
The appendix to the laboratory accreditation certicate species
the BMC value (Best Measurement Capability). Why is this data
important? It gives the minimum percentage of the measured
value by which a calibration result can vary under standard
conditions.
For judging the level of the laboratory, it is also essential to
take into account the contribution of the standard (wtcm) to the
uncertainty. In such a case, during calibration the calculation
methodology allows assessment not only of deviations in the
equipment themselves, but in the entire chain (from the torque
converter to the imaging unit). It also allows assessment of
the equipment ability to work within the context of deviations
ascertained.
Data on measurement uncertainty (also including deviations in
the standard) are included on the calibration certicate.
To achieve reliable calibration results, it is best to use specialized
calculation software, which undergoes annual testing and
inspection by the accreditation authority.
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3.4 Calibration certifcate
A calibration certicate is a list of results of calibration performed.
It guarantees adherence to the approach and accreditation rules
during calibration. The data on the calibration certicate provide
specically achieved values, but it does not assess whether a
customers required parameters have been achieved. Calibration
laboratory employees cannot monitor the conditions under which
the calibrated equipment is used, and in many cases they dont know
the customers specications. The information in the calibration
certicate must allow the customer to make a qualied judgement
as to whether the equipment used fulls his requirements.
Upon customer request, a professionally qualied laboratory
employee can provide an expert opinion on the calibration results.
This statement is not a product of the accredited laboratorys
activities.
Fig. 5 Sample calibration
certifcate.
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4.1 Why use accredited calibration?
What are the main differences between accredited and non-
accredited calibration?
The procedures for conducting accredited calibration and for
calculating the deviation and uncertainty of measurement are
regularly veried by auditors and specialists of the accreditation
authority. The laboratorys employees must pass repeated training
in torque measuring equipment calibration and metrological
regulations. However, also important is the system of equipment
traceability for verifying a calibrated tools compliance with
the dened parameters, or standards. The customer delivers the
torque measuring equipment to the calibration laboratory trusting
that the stability and precision of the tightening processs results
will be reliably veried. How is the reliability of non-accredited
calibration ensured? It is based on the customers trust in the
reliability of the equipment at the laboratory he uses. However,
this reliability is not independently veried and is not based on
4. Accredited andnon-accredited calibration
Fig. 6 Calibration of precise
equipment (torque transducers), as
dynamic also stationary.
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a rm methodology for implementing the calibration conditions,
for evaluating measurement or determining uncertainty.
Accreditation cannot be replaced with any form of certication
or other calibration laboratory authorization. Certication
according to ISO 9001, for example, shows a laboratorys ability
to meet its obligations, but it is no indication of technological
reliability. Certication especially does not verify the correctness
of the approach for calculating the reliability and precision of the
results of measurements conducted in the laboratory. It does not
even include the procedures for testing a laboratorys capabilities,
or so-called inter-laboratory comparison (comparing the results
achieved by various accredited calibration labs).
Credibility is enhanced by direct monitoring of the calibration
labs activities by auditors from the accreditation authority in
the labs place of operation and by evaluation of calibrations
conducted in operation (called witness auditing), for external
calibrations, on the laboratory customers premises.
4.2 Rules for performing calibration
The difference between service adjustments to torque tools and
calibration is dened procedures and parameters - standardiza-
tion. The basic standard for assessing conformity - the capabilities
of the accredited calibration laboratory - is international standard
EN ISO/IEC 17025. Technical requirements for calibrating hand
torque tools are dened by standard EN ISO 6789. Methods of
determining, calculating and expressing measurement uncer-
tainty are dened by EA 4/02. EA 10/14 is a manual published
by European Accreditation for calibrating torque measurement
equipment. International standard ISO 5393 describes Perform-
ance test method of Rotary tools for threaded fasteners.
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The entire calibration eld is also subject to the requirements of
national laws on metrology. When providing services abroad,
a calibration laboratory must provide its employees with the
metrological legislation of the country where the customer
operates. In some countries, the national metrological authorities
make information on legal requirements available on the
Internet.
To get the right results when conducting calibration (even for non-
accredited calibration), it is essential to have proper calibration
procedures and internal methodologies that are maintained in
practice. Step by step, calibration procedures for specic types
of equipment determine the approach to performing calibration.
They start with stabilizing the equipments temperature, and
continue with inspecting it, actual measurement and recording
the calibration and labelling the equioment. The calibration
methodology is an essential internal document specifying the
conditions for performing calibration, the general principles for
all calibration procedures, the method for evaluating measurement
and determining measurement uncertainty, and the calibration
certicate requirements.
All documents must be accessible to the customer on demand.
The right calibration procedure is chosen during the actual
ordering phase for calibration services. For this reason even the
qualications of sales employees are essential. They must be
informed enough to support the customer in choosing the right
calibration procedure.
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5.1 Who are Atlas Copco?
Atlas Copco is a group of industrial companies with worldwide
leadership in the eld of compressors, construction and mining
vehicles, pneumatic tools and assembly systems. In industrial
tools, it is a world leader, setting trends in the eld.
The Atlas Copco group delivers sustainable solutions for
increasing its customers productivity through innovative
products and services. The company was founded in 1873 and
is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. Around the world, Atlas
Copco is represented in more than 170 countries and had 30,000
employees in 2009. In industrial tool calibration, it can therefore
use its knowledge from production. It has access to precise
technical information and specications and the latest ndings
from research and development.
Atlas Copcos accredited calibration laboratory operates in several
countries of Europe, and North and South America. This allows
international knowledge exchange among laboratories accredited
under the same accreditation standards, ISO/IEC 17025. However,
their experience and national conditions differ. The groups
organizational structure allows clear establishment of independent
calibration laboratories, emphasizing the monitoring mechanisms
of the companys information system.
The Atlas Copco calibration laboratory is accredited by the
Czech Accreditation Institute, o.p.s. It has offered its services
since 2007 and operates in Central and Eastern Europe. Inclusion
5. Advantages of theAtlas Copco laboratory
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of accreditation approval under international agreements on
recognizing accreditation (EA MLA and ILAC MRA) allows
publication of calibration certicate without regard to workshop
location.
The range of activities is not tied only to Atlas Copco brand tools.
We also use our calibration experience with tools of other brands.
The important thing is to comply with the scope of calibration
specied in the appendix to the accreditation certicate.
Atlas Copco also provides its customers with Internet access to
its specialized calibration database. There anyone can check
the calibration dates of their tools, and the associated data. If
the customer is connected to this database, he is automatically
informed ahead of time of his tools calibration deadline.
5.2 Services provided
Angle calibration
For equipment capable of measuring the angle of screw rotation
during tightening, ITS can conduct inspection and non-accredited
calibration of the rotation angle, including settings.
Other Atlas Copco services
Atlas Copco and its sister service company Industrial Tools Service
(ITS) can provide you with a full range of services for industrial
tools of various brands and assembly applications.
You can choose from one of our various service programs. They
can be further adapted to your needs and requirements.
ITS service representatives (see paragraph 5.3) can discuss and
propose optimal service programs based on the customers own
needs.
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More than 60 specialists in industrial tool and application services
in all regions of Eastern Europe are then ready to full the
customers requests.
Full Coverage Service
You can delegate all your service needs to ITS, who will choose
the best preventive maintenance plan and provide a full range of
services (repairs, calibration) for your tools for xed costs.
This program provides the following advantages:
- less production downtime, higher productivity
- consistently high production quality
- a xed service budget with no surprise expenses - lower administrative and production costs
- less need for investment in inventories of replacement parts
and backup equipments
It allows customers to concentrate fully on increasing production
efciency.
ToolScan RCM Reliability Centered Maintenance
This program establishes an optimal system of preventive or
predictive maintenance tailored to the customers needs and
requirements. It can be part of Full Service Coverage. The
program ensures that the systems user can be sure that it will
work the way its user demands it to, without irregular, unexpected
interruptions and breakdowns. It allows the customer to optimize
production processes and minimize manufacturing interruptions
or slowdowns while lowering administrative costs.
Preventive maintenance
This program allows users to keep their industrial tools at top
performance. As a service partner, ITS can provide preventive
maintenance that ensures maximum reliability while maintaining
tools stable high performance. The program allows users to plan a
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large portion of their necessary service activities for manufacturing
downtimes, thus minimizing production line breakdowns.
Fixed-price repairs
This program allows fast repairs while decreasing administrative
costs. Tools receive priority repair service based on a system
previously agreed upon between the user and ITS. Transport to
the service centre and back is handled with special service boxes.
Full-service repairs at ITS ensure maximal life and performance
for repaired tools. After repair, the tools are tested according to
ITS global standards.
Training, consulting services and installation of assembly
systems
ITS provides a full range of training and consulting services
for tightening technology, ergonomics and pneumatic and
electronically operated industrial tools and systems. ITS also
performs installation (including all necessary documentation) and
modication of industrial applications.
Advantages of Atlas Copco calibration and ITS maintenanceservices
- Preventive maintenance is performed along with tool and
equipment calibration.
- Part of calibration of ordinary tools is their adjustment
according manufacturer specications.
- ITS and Atlas Copco perform services during customer
downtime (such as weekends).
- Calibration services can be part of a Full Service Program
that includes a complete range of services.
- ITS is a part of the worldwide Atlas Copco network and
is therefore integrated into the supply system of all important
industrial manufacturers.
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5.3 Contact
For more information about offerings from the Atlas Copco s.r.o.
accredited calibration laboratory and other ITS-services, please,
contact your local from the following representatives:
Tomasz Biernat...............................................western Poland
Tel: +48 510 025 974, email: [email protected]
Krzysztof Karolak........................................... eastern Poland
Tel: +48 784 345 402, email: [email protected]
David Tydlitat................................................Czech Republic
Tel: +420 724 853 538, email: [email protected]
Martin Krynsk......................................Moravia & Slovakia
Tel: +420 725 483 562, email: [email protected]
Csongor Tomos ..........................................................Hungary
Tel: +36 204 179 964, email: [email protected]
Remus Cosmin Stangu............................ Romania, Bulgaria
Tel: +40 730 075 909, email: [email protected]
For more information, visit www.its-ee.com.
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6. Appendixes
original
translation of original
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CALIBRATION OF HAND TORQUE TOOLS 23
NOTES
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NOTES
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CustomerCentreEasternEurope2011