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Central Dogma of BiologyFind 15 Notes!
Mr. Rosenberg
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The Central Dogma is . . .
• 1. DNA→RNA→Protein
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DNA vs RNA
• 2. Components of DNA– Sugar (deoxyribose)– Base (A,G,C,T)– Phosphate group
• 3. Components of RNA– Sugar (ribose)– Base (A,G,C,Uracil)
• RNA does not contain thymine
– Phosphate group
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Just a Bit Different - Sugar
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Just a Bit Different Part 2 - Bases
• DNA has:– A– T– C– G
• RNA has:– A– U– C– G
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DNA vs RNA continued
• 4. Structural Characteristics of DNA– Double stranded– Base-pairing rules apply (A:T & G:C)
• 5. Structural Characteristics of RNA– Primarily single stranded– Base-pairing rules apply (A:U & G:C)
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6. 3 Main Types of RNA
• Messenger RNA (mRNA)
• Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
• Transfer RNA (tRNA)
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mRNA
• 7. Messenger RNA (mRNA)– Complementary to info in DNA strand– Variable in length– Contains specific structural info for the
sequence of amino acids– Processed before using
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tRNA
• 8. Transfer RNA (tRNA)– Multiple varieties, each specific for a specific
amino acid– Relatively small, with a consistent 3-d shape– There is a triplet base-pairing relationship
between codon on mRNA and anti-codon on tRNA
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rRNA
• 9. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)– Ribosomes are composed of rRNA – simple!
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The Central Dogma
10. DNA RNA Protein
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Transcription and translation are the two processes of the Central Dogma
• 12. DNA transcribes RNA is translated to Protein
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DNA→RNA→Protein
• 13. DNA TRANSCRIBES mRNA
• mRNA is carried out of the nucleus
• 14. tRNA is TRANSLATED into protein
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• In a eukaryotic cell, almost all transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs at ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
Fig. 17.2b
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15. The molecular chain of command in a cell is
DNA → RNA → protein.
This is referred to as the Central Dogma of Biology