Download - CH 15 Family Psy
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The Family
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Becoming a Family
Marriage--Who Benefits Most in
Traditional Marriages?
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Marriage, cont.
Traditional marriage--women are more at
risk if divorce occurs
Emotionally
Financially
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Changing Families
Extended, nuclear families
Alternative lifestyles
Single-parent familiesReconstituted families
Same-sex parents
Other changes
Delayed marriage
Fewer children
Beanpole families
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Demographic Changes
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Critical Thinking Issue:
How important is it that children grow up in a
two-parent family?
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Systems Theory
Ecological approach
Bronfenbrenner
Change/stability
Homeostasis
Bi-directional interactions
in subsystems
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The Systems Model of the Family
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Bronfenbrenner Movie
QuickTime and adecompressor
are needed to see this picture.
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Parents
Parenting styles--Baumrind
Authoritarian
Permissive
Authoritative
Neglectful, uninvolved (added)
Cultural differences
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Patterns of Parenting
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Cognitive influences on
Parenting
Attributions
Own efficacy
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The Attribution Model of Socialization
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Childrens Influences on
Parenting
Temperament Styles
Siblings
Only/first-born children
Sibling rivalry
Negative reinforcement trap
Coercive cycles
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INEPT
DISCIPLINECHILD
COERCION
ANTISOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
Source: Adapted from Patterson, 1986
The Coercive Cycle
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Other Influences
Grandparents
Styles
Remote
Companionate
Involved
Middle Generation Squeeze
Employment
Spillover effects
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Family Problems
Child Abuse
Divorce
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Types of Child Abuse
Physical
Sexual
Emotional/psychological
Neglect
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Child Abuse--Contributing
Factors
Parents abused
Unrealistic expectations Ineffective parenting techniques
Difficult children
Social isolation
Violent society
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Per1000
of
po
pulation
60
50
40
30
20
10
Divorce Rate, 1900-1993
1900
1920
1930
1910
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
0
1990
1993
From Seifert/Hoffnung, Child and Adolescent Development, 5/e, Figure 13.2, p. 404. Used by permission of Houghton Mifflin Company.
Divorce Rate, 1900-1993
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Murphy Brown divorce movie
QuickTime and aMPEG-4 Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Critical Thinking Application:
Should parents stay married for the sake of
the children?
Why or why not?
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Effects of Divorce
Not just one event
Remarriage, blended families
Changes in Parenting
Passage of time
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Effects of Divorce, cont.
Gender differences
Age differences
Parents own adjustment
Discipline styles
Time, energy
Bottom line?
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Family Type and Percentage of Children
Experiencing Problems in School
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Who should have custody?
Financial considerations?
Relation with other parent?
Joint custody?
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Minimizing the Effects of Divorce
Telling the child
Relating to each other
Minimizing change in neighborhood, school
Warm, supportive interactions