Download - Ch 18 Americans in WWII
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Diversity in the Armed
Forces*______________Mexican Americans*Million African Americans*25, 000 Native Americans.*________________Women
NativeAmericans in theMilitary
oThe US needed a code to communicate
that the Japanese couldnt break.oUS intelligence bet the Japanese never
bothered to learn about Native Americanlanguages.
Wind Talkers / Code TalkersMostly __________
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Preparing an Economy for
War*With Japan controlling the Pacific the
US was cut off from VITAL rawmaterials
Rubber
__________
Tin
Preparing an Economy for
War*Thanks to the New Deal the
government had tremendous powerover the economy.
WPB __________-________________*Convert peacetime industries to produce war
materials.*Cars to building bomber planes
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Preparing an Economy for WaroBy 1944 American production levels
doubled those of all the Axis powerstogether.
o1945 300,000 planes
80,000 landing craft
100,000 armored cars and tanks
6 million rifles
41 __________rounds ofammunition!
Wartime Work Force*War production ended any lasting
Depression __________.*Wages rose by 50% between
__________*Mostly women workers
Theres a war on, you know!
Rosie the __________
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Financing the War
*1939 US govt. spending was 8.9billion.*1945 US govt. spending was
__________billion!!!!
How did we pay for thewar?*41% paid for by higher taxes*Urged people and __________ to buy
war bonds. Loans of your money to
government.*Pay back date with interest for the loan.
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How did we pay for the
war?*Went further into debt!
1940 deficit spending made theUS debt $43 billion.
1945 - $259 __________ in debt!
Daily Life on the HomeFront
oPractically every family had someone inthe __________.
o30-million people moved. Soldiers moved
Families of soldiers moved
People moved to take __________
oBUT the population grew by
__________million 1940 1945. Double the rate of the 1930s.
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Shortages and Controls*Workers were making $$$$
*But there was really nothing to spend iton.
Shortages*Zippers
*__________*Rubber*Nylon stockings
Anything that had metal, rubber ornylon was needed for the war.
Food Shortages too*Between troop needs and enemy
stopping supply lines.
Sugar Tropical fruits
Coffee
Chocolate
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OPA: Office of Price
Administration*When demand is greater than supply
prices go UP!
INFLATION!
Had to limit prices.
OPA decided the pricesfor*Sugar*__________*Meat*Butter
*Canned food*__________*Gas
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Ration Books
*__________ with certain values allottedgoods for the month. Based on family size
Did consider distance and needs offarmers
Popular Culture*Looking for ways to spend money*Movies*Radio*Books and magazines*Ballgames with __________ players
Enlisting Public Support*Office of __________ Information
*Writers and artists created posters andads that stirred Americans patrioticfeelings.
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What civilians were
encouraged to do:*Older men: join the __________
Defense effort*Kids: __________ __________ drives*Women:
Grow Victory Gardens
Knit scarves and socks for the war
Roll bandages for the Red Cross
Motto*Play __________Part*Conserve and Collect*Use it up, wear it out, make it do or do
without
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Nebraska Note: The North
Platte __________*December 25, 1941 April 1, 1946
*Served 6-million servicemen servedsandwiches, coffee, cookies and cakesduring stops.
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Retaking Europe (Section 2)*Roosevelt and Churchill met in August
1941 to decide what the goals of theiralliance would be.
The Atlantic Charter*There would be no enlargement of
territories.*Freedom of people to choose their
government*Final destruction of the Nazis.
Battle of the Atlantic*How to get supplies to the British?*Wolf Packs
20 U boats that hunted enemy
convoys in packs. Took out 175 allied ships in 1942
alone.
Some in sight of the US coastline.13
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How to combat the wolf
packs?*SONAR (kinda worked)*Long range sub hunting aircraft*Better depth charges*Cut off U Boats from their ports in
Germany and France.
The Major Players of theAtlantic War; Western Front;European Theatre*Churchill Prime Minister of England*Roosevelt US President*Josef Stalin Chairman of Soviet
Union
Players for the Fascists*Hitler Germany*Mussolini - Italy
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The Generals: Allies
*Dwight Ike Eisenhower (1890 1969)*Supreme Commander of the Allied
Forces*Excelled at
Staffing issues
Diplomacy
The Generals: United
States*George Patton : 1885 1945.*As a boy knew he wanted to be a hero.*LOVED war.*Early on realized the potential for tanks.*Did NOT have good diplomacy skills.
The Generals: Allies15
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*Englands Field Marshal Montgomery *Not a particularly great general but he
made sure people thought he wasgreat.
The BRILLIANT NaziGenerals*Rommel The Desert Fox*Erwin Rommel (1891 1944)*Great tank commander*Used surprise and bold moves.
*Was NOT a member of the Nazi partyThe BRILLIANT NaziAdmirals*Admiral Karl Donitz
*U boat strategy*Sea mine technology*Ice water instead of blood in his veins.
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The Brilliant Italian
GeneralsThe North AfricaCampaign
*February 1943: US had their buttskicked by the Nazis.*May 1943: US came back, defeated
Nazis and took 240,000 German andItalians prisoners.
2000 ended up in POW camps inNebraska.
Invasion of Italy: Start ofRetaking Europe*7th Army under Patton took Sicily and
the English started to invade themainland of Italy.
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Union
*The Germans advance in Russia 1941 1942.*Blitzkrieg*Nazis were first greeted as liberators by
the ethnic nationalities in Russia.
They hated Stalin.
The War in the SovietUnion*Nazis turned on the local people.
Executions Forced labor
People engaged in guerrilla actions againstthe Nazis.
Russias Fight*Guerrilla Warfare*Scorched Earth Policy
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*Stalin BEGGED Roosevelt andChurchill to invade Western Europe to
take some pressure off the Red Army.
Russias BEST weapon*The Russian winter
Important Soviet Battles*Battle of Stalingrad*September 1942 January 1943
Important Soviet Battles*Siege of Leningrad (St. Petersburg
today)
Battle of Stalingrado330,000 Nazi deado90,000 Nazi prisoners taken
oBUT
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Europe: D-Day
*June 6, 1944 some 4,600 invasion craftleft England for France. 150,000 soldiers
*1,000 RAF aircraft dropped 23,000paratroopers in France
D-Day: Why June 6th?*Rommels wifes birthday!
Took the chance he would go to bewith her.
He took the bait!
D-Day: Largest landingby sea in history*Omaha Beach
*Utah BeachD-Day: Omaha Beach*Killing Zone
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*12 major resistance nests that reignedfire down over every inch of the beach.
*IF they made it to the beach.
D-Day: Omaha Beach*If you made it to the beach
*If you made it across the beach*You had to climb up a cliff to reach the
Germans.
D-Day: Utah Beach
*Landing was hard currents.*Trouble happened later.*Hedgerow fighting
D-Day*3,000 American, British casualties*2,000 German casualties*By the next week 500,000 Allies were
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Liberating France
*Patton used a Blitzkrieg to blow a holethrough the Germans to advance out ofNormandy.
*With French Resistance they liberatedParis August 25, 1944.
The Battle of the Bulge:Germany fights back
oDecember 1944 Germans cut off part of
the American army from the main group.
oPatton did an amazing movement inwinter of troops to save the Americanforces.
*600,000 GI soldiers involved*80,000 killed, wounded*100,000 Germans killed
The War in Europe Ends*Stalins Red Army approaching
Germany from the East.
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*British, American and Frenchapproaching from the West.
*March 1945
The War in Europe Ends*Russia was out for revenge for Nazi
atrocities committed against them.
*18- MILLION dead Russians.
Crossing the Elbe River*April 25, 1945
*US and Russian troops joined up andpushed on into Berlin
Germany Surrenders: V-EDay!*April 30, 1945: Hitler commits suicide.*May 8, 1945: Germany surrenders*V-E: Victory in Europe.
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Yalta: Where the Peace
went wrong*FDR, Churchill, Stalin met to discuss
the peace.
Yalta: Where the Peace
went wrongoPlan was to divide German territories
and Berlin into four zones, eachcontrolled by an Ally: England, US,France, Russia.
*Repair the economy*Rid the zone of Nazis*Hold free elections*Get out after repairs are done.
Yalta*Stalin didnt keep to the agreement.
Punished the Germans
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Stole what was left of the economy
Did NOT hold free elections.
*Put puppet communist regimes in.
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