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Chapter 10UMTS
Introduction to Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
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3GQuality of ServiceQoS 3G
GSM Universal Mobile Telecommunications SystemUMTS
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UMTS UMTS
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Section 10.1Section 10.1UMTS UMTS Overview
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UMTS
UMTSUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partner ship Project) 3GPP http://www.3gpp.org
1988 1992 1995 1997 1998 1999
RACE I Basic studies
RACE II ATDMA CODIT
ACTS/FRAMES FMA1: WTDMA FMA2:WCDMA
ETSI Concept groups
ETSI Decision: WCDMA for FDD operation
3GPP
Release-3
Release-99
Release-4Release-5
Release-6
Release-7
3G :1988 , RACE I (Research of Advanced Communication Technologies in Europe) program, 3G .1992-1995 RACE II CDMA-based CODIT (Code Division Tested) TDMA-based ATDMA (Advanced TDMA Mobile Access) air interface proposal .1995 , ACTS(Advanced Communication Technologies and Services) . ACTS , FRAMES (Future Radio Wideband Multiple Access System) project, RAS (radio access system) proposal. Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson, France Telecom, CSEM/Pro Telecom ., FRAMES proposals: Wideband TDMA (FMA1) Wideband CDMA (FMA2) ETSI, UMTS Air Interface .1996-1997 , proposals ETSI, UMTS UMTS UTRA (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) candidates. 1997 7 , ETSI proposals : WCDMA, WTDMA, TDMA/CDMA, OFDMA, ODMA. ITU-R IMT 2000 , ETSI proposals , 1998 1, ETSI WCDMA UTRS (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access) air interface. licensed paired bands, FDD. spectrum TDD . 1999 , 3GPP , ETSI 3GPP . UMTS specification , 3GPP. ETSI 3GPP, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 1999 3GPP specification: Release-99. , UTRA.
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UMTS
2MbpsQoS
mutual authentication 128 10-6multi-access service
3G-324M video call video telephony
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UMTS
Wideband Code Division Multiple AccessWCDMAUMTSFDDTDD384kbps 128kbpsATM
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8
QoS
Java Game/ MP3
3G
/request/response
Best effort
Best effort
PDP context , network UE QoS profile.QoS profile core network radio UE. QoS parameters, traffic class, maximum bit rate (kbps), guaranteed bit rate (Kbps), transfer delay (ms). QoS traffic class. Conversational and streaming class are real-time application. Interactive and background class are non-real-time.
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10-1 GSM/GPRS/UMTS 2G/2.5G
GSM / GPRS
Bearer Services- Voice- CS Data (CSD)
9.6 kbps- PS Data (PSD) 115 kbps
CS2
- New coding scheme- packet switchedcore network
3G
UMTS Rel-3
Bearer Services- Voice- CSD64 kbps- PSD
2 Mbps
- UTRA FDD/TDD3.84 Mcps
- ATM-based UTRAN- Alternative IP-based
signalling bearer
UMTS Rel-4
Bearer Services- Voice- CSD64 kbps- PSD
2 Mbps
- TD-SCDMA1.28 Mcps- IP telephony MSC server Media Gateway
UMTS Rel-5
Bearer Services- Voice- CSD64 kbps- PSD
14.4 Mbps
- ALL IP core network- IP multimedia
subsystem- IP RAN- High Speed Downlink
Packet AccessHSDPA
ALL IP Network
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10.1
Release-99 Release-4 Release-4 Release-99 Release-99 10.1.1 Release-4 10.1.2 10.1.2 Release-4 Release-99
Release-5 HSDPA 11Release-5 All-IP 12 Release-6 Release-7 9
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GSM UMTS
Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM)
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM)
Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)
Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
Radio Network Controller (RNC)
Base Station Controller (BSC)
Node BBase Station Transceiver (BST)
User Equipment (UE)Mobile Station (MS)
UMTSGSM
GSM UMTS . .
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Section 10.1.1Section 10.1.1R99 The Architecture of Mobile Communication Network in R99
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Release-99
Release-3UMTS R99 10-2
User EquipmentUE UMTS UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access NetworkUTRAN Core NetworkCN service network
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10-2 UMTS
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
RNC
RNC
Iub
Iur
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN)
USIM
ME
UE
Cu
3G MSC/VLR
3G SGSN
GMSC
GGSN
HLR
PLMN,PSTN, ISDN,...
Internet
Core Network
Uu Iu
Iu-PSGn Gi
GrGc
D D
System Architecture of 3GPP Release 99
Gs
Iu-PS
Iu-CS
Iu-CS
Rel99 radio networkcore network
GPRS SGSNradio(RMM, handoff)
RNC
Iur soft handoff
External Network
Release 99 UMTS . UMTS , 3 :
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial RAN): radio , WCDMA, FDD/TDDCore network: ( interworking), .User Equipment: air interface user .
Release 99 UMTS GPRS Release 99 radio network core network Radio network radio GPRS SGSN radio RNC handoff radio resource management (RMM) RNC , RNC , RNC BSC RNC Iur soft handoff VLR CS domain MSC , PS domain, SGSN .
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User EquipmentUE
UE Mobile EquipmentME
UMTS UMTS Subscriber Identity ModuleUSIM
ME USIM Cu UE Uu UTRAN
User Equipment (UE; MS 3G ), Uu radio interface WCDMA Node B .
Mobile Equipment (ME) : Uu .UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM): smart card, , .
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UTRAN (1/2)
UE Radio Network SubsystemRNS RNS Radio Network
ControllerRNC Node B
Node B
Node BRNC
Iub
RNS
IuCS
IuPS
Uu
UTRAN RNS (Radio Network Sub-system) . RNS RNC Node B.
RNC Node B Iub interface . RNC IuPS interface SGSN , IuCS interface MSC .
Node B, Base station, Uu Iub L1 , channel coding interleaving, rate adaptation, spreading . BTS, Node B radio resource management, inner loop power control.
Node B(Cell)sectored Node BNode B13 (3-sectortraffic load)
RNC Node B , service access point Core Network. RRC (Radio Resource Control) RNC (i.e., ).
Node B Downlink orthogonal codes RNC .Note: RRC UE UTRAN message procedure. RRC L1 L2 entities , (MM, CM, SM) , UE mobility (measurement, handover, cell update). RNC RNCs Iur interface . Note: GPRS/GSM BSCs .
IuCS, IuPS, Iub, Iur interface ATM , QoS.
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UTRAN (2/2)
Node B //softer handoverpower control
RNCRadio Resource ManagementRRMRNCadmission controlhandover controlload control10.4
UTRAN ( UTRAN ):UTRAN radio interface , soft handover WCDMA Radio Resource Management algorithms.
UTRA UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access, 3GPP Radio Access Network UTRA standardization. UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access.
PS CS domains , , air interface protocol stack (Uu) UE, Iu CN. GSM ATM UTRAN bearer. AAL2 (constant delay, variable bit rate) voice data (or video, circuit type data). AAL5 (constant delay, variable bit rate) packet-typed data, signaling packet data.
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UTRAM
RNC Iub Node BRNC Iur RNC
RNC Iu CS domain Iu-CS PS domain Iu-PS
R99 UTRAN ATM
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Core NetworkCN
PSTN/ISDN Internet
Circuit Switched domainCS domain
GSM
Packet Switched domainPS domain
GPRS
PSTN/ISDNInternetCore Network , Intelligent network :
HLRMSC/VLR circuit-switched (CS) . GMSC UMTS PLMN CS domain .SGSN MSC/VLR, circuit-switched (PS) domain . GGSN GMSC, PS domain .
GPRS UMTS, core network SGSN MSC .SGSN MS ( MM PDP Context ).
core network HLR ( HLR packet domain subscription date), VLR GGSN ( , PDP contexts) .
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CS Domain
MSC/VLRHLR GMSC R99 CS domain MAPSGSN HLR Gr SGSN MSC Gs MAP GGSN HLR Gc MAP
Gc Core Network (CN)
circuit-switched (CS) service domain (i.e., PSTN/ISDN).CS. packet-switched (PS) service domain (i.e., Internet, IP).PS(Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM)
CS domain , IMSI TMSI MS. PS domain , IMSI P-TMSI MS.
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PS Domain
SGSN GGSN SGSN GGSN Gn GTP IP GTPGPRS Tunneling Protocol
UMTS Access Point NameAPN IP transparent
GGSN IP
non-transparent GGSN IP DHCP RADIUS IP UE
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UMTS (1/2)
UMTS
Control planeC-plane
10-3 10-6 UMTS PS Domain
User planeU-plane
10-4 10-6 UMTS PS Domain
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UMTS (2/2)
Non-Access StratumNAS
CMMMGMM SM L3Layer 3 signaling
Access StratumASATMUuradio interface protocolIuASUTRAN
Non-Access StratumNASCMMMGMMSML3Layer 3 signaling
Access StratumASATMUuradio interface protocolIuASUTRAN
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10-3 UMTS
UTRANUE CN
Non-Access Stratum
Access stratum
CMMMGMMSM
RadioInterfaceProtocols
IuProtocols
CMMMGMMSM
RadioInterfaceProtocols
IuProtocols
RadioUu
Iu
Non-access stratum , CM, MM, GMM, SM. MM.radio access, Non-access stratum. Connection Management (CM), (Mobility Management, MM)(Session Management, SM), UMTS PS(GPRS Mobility Management, GMM) Communication Management? GSM CM communication management? call setup.
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10-5 UMTS PS Domain
Relay
GMM / SM/ SMS
RRC
RLC
MAC
L1
GMM / SM/ SMS
RANAP
SCCPSignalling
Bearer
ATML1
ATM
AAL5
MAC SignallingBearer
RLC SCCP
RRC RANAP
AAL5
UE RNS 3G SGSNUu Iu-PS
GPRS UMTS , GSM Mobile Application Part (MAP) SGSN GSM . UMTS .
, HLR Gr MSC/VLR Gs (BSSAP+ protocol BSS Application Protocol +). SGSNs GGSN GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) Gninterface ., GPRS GTP tunnel . tunnel tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) , IP address UDP port number .
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UMTS GPRS
(a) Control plane for UMTS Mobility Management
SGSNradio, RRCRANAPUERNC, RNCSGSN
(b) Control Plane for GPRS Mobility Management
LLCMSSGSN
RRC
GMM
RLC
Lowerlayer
protocols
RANAP
AAL 5
ATM
GMM
SCCPRLC SCCP
AAL5
ATM
Lowerlayer
protocols
RRC RANAP
Relay
MSUn
SGSNRNS IuPS
RLC
GMM
LLC
Lowerlayer
protocols
BSSGP
Lowerlayer
protocols
GMM
LLC
Lowerlayer
protocols
Lowerlayer
protocols
RLC BSSGP
Relay
MSUm
SGSNBSSGb
UMTS GPRS Control Planes . PS domain.GPRS , MS SGSN LLC . UMTS LLC layer, SGSN radio . UMTS : Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol MS UTRAN ( radio resource ), Signaling Connection Control Part(SCCP) UTRAN SGSN .
Mobility Management. GPRS SGSN MS . UMTS , SGSN MS MM context, MS RA-level location tracking, SGSN radio , UTRAN MM , UTRAN MS cell URA.
SCCP Radio Access Network Application Part (RANAP) protocol, MS CN , UTRAN . RANAP serving RNC relocation, radio access bearer (RAB) management . GPRS UMTS , GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) protocol . UMTS GMM UMTS MM (UMM).
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10-4 UMTS
UuAS
UTRANUE CN
Non-Access Stratum
Access stratum
RadioInterfaceProtocols
IuProtocols
RadioInterfaceProtocols
IuProtocols
RadioUu
Iu
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10-6 UMTS PS Domain
Relay
Application
E.g., IPPPP
PDCP
RLC
L1 L1 ATM
AAL5
RLC UDP/IP
PDCP GTP-U
UE UTRAN 3G GGSNUu Gn
3G SGSN
MACMAC
Relay
ATM L1
L2
UDP/IP UDP/IP
GTP-U GTP-U
AAL5
E.g., IPPPP
GTP-U
UDP/IP
L1
L2
GiIu-PS
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UMTS GPRS
(a) User plane for UMTSUTRANIP over ATM, GTP-UIP
UEUTRANPDCPIP
(b) User Plane for GPRSUESGSN, LLC
SNDCPIP
Relay
NetworkService
GTP-U
Application
IP
SNDCP
LLC
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
SNDCP
LLC
BSSGP
L1bis
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
L1bis
Relay
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
GTP-U
IP
Um Gb Gn GiMS BSS SGSN GGSN
NetworkService
UDPUDP
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,PPP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,PPP
3G-SGSNUTRANMSIu-PSUu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay
user plane. UMTS GPRS User Planes. GPRS, SubNetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol (SNDCP) MS SGSN LLC , NPDUs (Network Packet Data Units). UMTS , MS UTRAN RLC Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), IP packet RLC . GPRS SNDPC. UTRAN CN GTP-U (GTP for the user plane protocol) UDP/IP link (Iu link). MM signaling procedures , lost User data .Control plane user plane RLC/MAC .GPRS , GMM messages Gb Um interface .
, LLC link MS SGSN MS signaling connection.
UMTS , GMM message Iu Uu interface .UMTS signaling connection MS UTRAN RRC connection UTRAN SGSN Iu connection ( RANAP instance).
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Section 10.1.2Section 10.1.2Rel-4The Architecture of Mobile Communication Network in Rel-4
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Release-4
Rel-3 UTRAN LCS TDD TD-SCDMA
CS domain IP
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Rel-4 (1/2)
Rel-4 Rel-5 10-7Rel-4 bearer independentIP telephonyMSC MSCMobile Switching Center ServerMSC
Servercall control
Media GatewayMGWMSC Server
GMSC GMSC MGW
MSCMSCMobile Switching Center ServerMSC ServerMedia GatewayMGW
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Rel-4 (2/2)
GERANGSM/EDGE RAN EDGE BSS Iu 3G MSC 12 UMTS All-IP 10-7
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10-7 Rel-4 Rel-5 Application &
Service
Legacy mobilesignaling network
Multimedia IPNetworks
PSTN/Legacy/External
Application &Service
Alternative AccessNetwork
SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC
SM-SC
SCP
HSS
EIR
HSS
TE MT BSS /GERAN
TE MT UTRAN
R-SGW
CSCF
MRF
CSCF
MGCF T-SGW
MGW
R-SGW
SGSN GGSN
MGW
MSG server GMSC server T-SGW
SignalingSignaling and Data Transfer Interface
Iu= IucsRTP,AAL2Iu= IuRANAP
R
R
Um
Uu
Iu
Iu
Gb
Iu
Iu
Iu
A
CAP
CAP
Mc
D C
Mh
Nc
Nb
Mc
Gi Mc
GiGi
Gi
MrMg
MmMw
MsMh
Cx
Gc
Gr
Gf
CAP
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Section 10.2Section 10.2UMTS UMTS Radio Access Technology
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UMTS (1/2)
UMTS FDD TDD
ITU-T UMTS 10-8 FDD 1920-1980MHz
2110-2170MHz FDD / 5MHz/ 190MHz
TDD 1900-1920MHz 2010-2025MHz WCDMA 2100
WCDMA FDD (uplink/downlink 5 MHz) TDD ( IMT2000 ) . FDD . FDD TDD, base station .FDD (Frequency Division Duplex):
ITU FDD1920-1980 MHz2110-2170 MHzFDD/5 MHz/190 MHzFDD(DS-CDMA) A DUPLEX SEPERATION of 190 MHz is used to avoid interference between the two signals.FDD is better suited to covering wide areas with lower transmission rate.FDD(Soft Handover)FDD1500 Hz
TDD (Time Division Duplex):TDDTDMACDMATD-CDMA To avoid overlap between uplink and downlink from propagation delays, a GUARD PERIOD is allocated.TDD is suitable for small cell areas where higher data rates can be provided.TDD(Hard Handover)TDDGuard period is needed.For higher data rate, small cell area
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UMTS (2/2)
1850-1910MHz 1930-1990MHz WCDMA 1900 10-3 UMTS FDD TDD
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10-8 IMT2000 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
MSS
MSS
PCS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
TDD
TDD
IMT 2000ITU
TaiwanR.O.C.
Europe
China
Japan
USA
GSM1800
GSM 1800
GSM1800
UMTSFDD-uplink
DECT TDDUMTSFDD-uplink
IMT 2000
PHS IMT 2000
IMT 2000
UMTSFDD-
downlink
UMTSFDD-
downlink
IMT 2000
IMT 2000
Reserve MSS MobileSatellite ServicesA D B E F C A D B E F C
2010
1885
1805 1880
1920 1975 2010
2025
2025
2025WLL WLL1980
1918
18951990 2160
2170
2110
2110
2170
2165
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10-3 UMTS FDDTDD (1/2)
1248164512
QPSKIQ/code multiplexing BPSKQPSK
10 ms
15 slots/frame
3.84 Mcps
5MHz
Asynchronous operation
TDDFDD
TD-CDMADS-CDMA
UTRA TDDUTRA FDD
WCDMA :WCDMA wideband Direct-Sequence Code Division Multiple Access. , CDMA spreading code quasi-random bits ( chips, 3.84Mchips per second), 5 MHz .
DS-CDMA 1 MHz , IS-95 1.25 MHz, narrowband CDMA ., multipath diversity. carriers interference, 4.4 MHz - 5 MHz .
WCDMA Bandwidth on Demand (BoD) . 10 msec frame, , . frame, data rate. throughput, .WCDMA FDD (uplink/downlink 5 MHz) TDD ( IMT2000 ) . WCDMA , IS-95 GPS , . .WCDMA pilot symbol common pilot, (coherent detection) uplink downlink . IS-95 downlink, WCDMA uplink capacity coverage., CDMA , smart antenna, multiuser detection, capacity coverage. WCDMA GSM handovers.
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10-3 UMTS FDDTDD (2/2)
DCADynamic Channel Allocation
DCADynamic Channel Allocation
Hard handoverHard handover
Hard handoverSoft handover
open loop100200Hzclosed loop800 HzFast closed loop1500 Hz
Coherentbased on midambleCoherentbased on pilot symbol
spreading factormulti-codemulti-slotspreading factormulti-code
UTRA TDDUTRA FDD
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Section 10.3Section 10.3Radio Interface Protocol
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(1/3)
UMTS UE RNC radio link
physical layer data link layer network layer
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43
(2/3)
Media Access ControlMAC Radio Link ControlRLC Broadcast and Multicast Control
BMC Packet Data Convergence
ProtocolPDCPBMC PDCP
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44
(3/3)
Radio Resource ControlRRC
RRC RLCMACPDCP BMC
MACRLCPDCPBMC
MACRLCRRC
10-510-6
(User PlaneU-plane)(Control PlaneC-plane)U-planeC-Plane
U-planeMACRLCPDCPBMC. MAC.C-planeMACRLCRRCU-plane
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L3co
ntro
l
cont
rol
cont
rol
cont
rol
LogicalChannels
TransportChannels
C-plane signalling U-plane information
PHY
L2/MAC
L1
RLC
DCNtGC
L2/RLC
MAC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLCRLC
RLC
Duplication avoidance
UuS boundary
BMC L2/BMC
control
PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP
DCNtGC
RadioBearers
RRC
RRC, UE,
RLC,
MAC
,
IP,
(Radio Interface Protocol)UMTSUERNC(Radio Link)
UEOSI
(Physical Layer)(Data Link Layer), MAC(Media Access Control)RLC(Radio Link Control)BMC(Broadcast/Multicast Control)PDCP(Packet Data Convergence Protocol).
Control plane, RRC RLC ( Segmentation/Reassembly, Retransmission). User plane, RRC PDCP(IP, (IP Header)), BMC (broadcast), RLC. RLC transmission mode, user data IP header ( PDCP), broadcast (BMC).
(Network Layer), RRC(Radio Resource Control)RLCMACPDCPBMC.
ChannelsMACRLC(Logical Channel)MAC(Transport Channel).(Physical Channel).Logic channel transport channel . Transport channel Physical layer, physical channel .Radio Bearer: air interface channelTransport channels: WCDMA physical channel. air interface .Physical channels , channelization code .
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46
Channels
Physical channels channelization
code Transport channels WCDMA physical channel air interface
Logic channels GSM logic channel ,
Radio Bearers air interface
Physical channel : Logic channel MAC SAP service access point
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Section 10.3.1Section 10.3.1Physical LayerPHY
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48
(1/2)
WCDMA UENode B
interleaving Forward Error CorrectionFEC closed loop
10-4
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49
49
(2/2)
chipbitslotframe
transport channelcoded composite
Macro-diversity
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50
50
WCDMA
5MHz 3.84Mcps
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51
10-10 WCDMA
0 1 2 43 5 6 7 98 10 11 12 1413frame10msec
slot
666 sspreading code
UMTS , frame 15 slots. Uplink DPCCH, DPDCH , . channel , [3]. frame 15 slots. slot 666 us, GSM 577 us . SF=4 spreading code, slot 640 bits, total bit rate 960 kpbs. coding, 480 kbps data rate.
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WCDMA
channelizationcode38400chipsscrambling code Orthogonal Variable
Spreading FactorOVSF3.84 Mcps
spreading factor
OVSF
Channelization code ( BS users, ) .
Downlink: cells , users .Uplink: DPDCH DPCCH.
Channelisation by using the OVSF (Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor) codes
Spreading code Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) Spreading factor , i.e., user spreading code. spreading factor, .OVSF codes spreading code orthogonal. chip rate 3.84 Mcps.
Node B Downlink orthogonal codes RNC .Channelization code :
Length: uplink 4-256 chips, downlink 4-512 chips ( 10 ms frame)Number of code under one scrambiling code = spreading factorCode family: channelization codes Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) .Channelization code spreading , transmission bandwidth.
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53
DataChip rateChip rateBit rate
scrambling codechannelization code
To transmit
Uplink: Separation of terminal Downlink: Separation of sectors (cells)
Uplink: Separation of DPDCH and DPCCH from the same terminalDownlink: Separation of downlink connections to different users within one cell
Usage
ScramblingSpreading
Spreading Scrambling
spreading, scrambling. spreading (channelization code) , scrambling ( scrambling code) . UE , scrambling BS (or cells), spreading . BS , scrambling UE , spreading DPDCH or DPCCH.
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)UEuser dataphysical layer, Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) UE control message physical layer.
Scrambling code uplink downlink Spreading/Channelization code
Downlink: cells users .Uplink: DPDCH DPCCH.
UE receiver, Scrambling code cells, channelization code . Node B receiver, Scrambling code UEs, channelization code user data control signals.
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54
10-4
224512
10ms=38400chips4~256 chips1 ms
~66.7ms4~512 chips
UplinkDownlink
Gold codeExtended S2code
OVSF
Scrambling codeChannelization code
Scrambling code uplink downlink . spreading code, scrambling .
Downlink: cellsUplink: UEs, which is unique in the same RNC coverage area.
Scrambling code Pseudo-Random sequence, random binary number. WCDMA scrambling cell user,
IS-95 scrambling code, BS synchronization, Spreading code users.scramblingAsync . UMTS Async BS cost , fast cell selection
Scrambling code :Length: 10ms frame 38400 chips ( chip rate 38400/10^-2 = 3.84 MHz)Number of code: uplink code, 512 downlink codesCode family: 10 ms Gold codeScrambling signal bandwidth, chip rate. spreading .
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dedicated channel common channel
3G 2G shared
channel
Transport channel : Dedicated transport channels common transport channels.Dedicated transport channels user , code.
dedicate channel (DCH), data speech frame, higher layer control information handover commands, measurement report. WCDMA , frame data rate, GSM traffic channel (TCH), Associated control channel (ACCH).
Common transport channels users , type. GSM , common channel packet data, downlink shared channel packet data.Common channel handover, fast power control.
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56
-
UE
Dedicated channel (DCH)
DCH Service data (e.g., speech frame) and higher layer control frame (e.g., handover commands and measurement reports)
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57
-
UE UE Broadcast Channel (BCH) (downlink) Forward Access Channel (FACH) (downlink) Paging Channel (PCH) (downlink) Random Access Channel (RACH) (uplink) Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH) (uplink)
PS
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH) (downlink) UE UE DCH
Broadcast Channel (BCH): cell UTRAN (System InformationSI)UE cell random access codes, access slots, transmit diversity method .
, low-end BCH, BCH low and fixed data rate, high power.
Paging Channel (PCH): paging procedure , speech call, location area cells page .
PCH , standby , paging receiver . paging .
Random Access Channel (RACH): page, connection, initial system access, , .
RACH low data rate, RACHPS
Forward Access Channel (FACH): RACH accessFACH
FACH low bit rate, power control, . , high bit rate FACH . FACHPSFACH
Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH): RACH , packet-based user data ( packet-based user data FACH ).
CPCH RACH UPCH fast power control, physical layer collision detection , CPCH status monitoring procedure. RACH 1-2 frames, UPCH frames.
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH): UEPSUEDSCHDCHDCHDSCHDSCHDSCH FACH DSCH fast power control, variable bit rate. DSCH ,
, Common transport channels RACH, FACH PCH , DSCH CPCH option. USCH (Uplink shared) channel TDD , for (uplink) dedicated user/control data.
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58
10-12
Transport Channels Physical Channels
DCH
RACH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)
Synchronization Channel (SCH)Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)Collision-Detection/Channel-Assignment Indicator Channel (CD/CA-ICH)
CPCH
BCHFACHPCH
DSCH
transport channel physical layer physical channels . transport channel physical channel .SCH, CPICH, AICH CSICH, CD/CA-ICH CPCH , .DCH physical channels, physical layer control information data. DPCCH fixed rate, DPDCH variable rate. physical layer, radio frame 10 msec. paging procedure random access procedure, , 10 msec system frame.
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59
Section 10.3.2Section 10.3.2Media Access ControlMAC
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60
MAC
MAC
RRC transport format UMTS QoS
MAC RLC transparent mode10.3.3
Priority handling (between data flows/terminals) Multiplexing/demultiplexingTraffic volume monitoring
MACMAC layer , logic channel transport channel. RRC transport channel Transport Format (TF), voice bit rate 12.2kbps, packet 384kbps, formatUMTSQoSMAC(Transparent Mode)RLCMAC MAC .MACRRCTraffic volume monitoring: MAC user data, report RNC.Access service class selection: MAC , Access service class selection ( 15 classes)Dynamic transport channel type switching
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61
Control Channel Traffic Channel
downlink: FACH, DSCH, DCH.uplink: CPCH, RACH, USCH, DCH, transport channel user data.
(DTCH, Dedicated Traffic Channel) UE(bi-directional, point-to-point)(CTCH, Common Traffic Channel) (downlink, point-to-multipoint), FACH.
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Dedicated Traffic CHannelDTCH Bi-directionalone-to-one UE UE
Common Traffic CHannelCTCH Downlinkone-to-many
-
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63
- (1/2)
Broadcast Control CHannelBCCH downlink
Paging Control CHannelPCCH downlink
-
64
64
- (2/2)
Common Control CHannelCCCH Bi-directionalone-to-many UE CCCH RACH/FACH
Dedicated Control CHannelDCCH Bi-directionalone-to-one UERNC
-
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65
10-13 UTRAN
BCCH PCCH DCCH CCCHSHCCH
CTCH DTCHLogicalChannels
BCH PCH CPCH RACH FACH USCH DCHDSCH TransportChannels(TDD only)(FDD only)
(TDD only)
(Control Channel). .
(BCCH, Broadcast Control Channel) (downlink)(PCCH, Paging Control Channel) (downlink)(CCCH, Common Control Channel) UECCCHRACH/FACH(bi-directional, one-to-many)(DCCH, Dedicated Control Channel) UERNC(bi-directional, one-to-one)
(Traffic Channel)downlink: FACH, DSCH, DCH.uplink: CPCH, RACH, USCH, DCH, transport channel user data.
(DTCH, Dedicated Traffic Channel) UE(bi-directional, point-to-point)(CTCH, Common Traffic Channel) (downlink, point-to-multipoint), FACH.
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66
10-14 MAC
MAC-c/sh
MAC-d
BCCH MAC Control
BCH
PCCH BCCH CCCH CTCHSHCCH MAC Control MAC Control DCCH DTCH DTCH
DCHDCHIur or localPCH FACH FACH RACH
CPCH
USCH
USCH
DSCH DSCH
FDD only
TDD only
TDD only
TDD only
MAC-b
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67
Section 10.3.3Section 10.3.3Radio Link ControlRLC
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68
68
RLC
RLC segmentationreassemblyretransmission
RLC RRC
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69
69
RLC
RLC Transparent modeTr mode
RLC RLCheader
Unacknowledged ModeUM modecipheringRLC
sequence number
Streaming Video
VoIP
RLC RRC
RLC U-plane C-plane physical layer . (Segmentation/Reassembly)(Retransmission)
control plan, radio linkRLC RRC
RLC(Transparent Mode, Tr mode)(Unacknowledged ModeUM mode)(Acknowledge ModeAM mode)CRC(CRCRLC)
(transparent mode)RLCRLCStreaming Video(unacknowledged mode)(ciphering)RLC(Sequence Number)VoIPRRC(acknowledge mode)ARQ(Automatic Repeat Request)Internet
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70
70
RLC
RLC Acknowledge ModeAM mode Automatic Repeat RequestARQ
RLC CRC CRC RLC
Internet
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71
Section 10.3.4Section 10.3.4Packet Data Convergence ProtocolPDCP
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72
PDCP
PS domainPDCP
RFC2507
PDCP NAS IP RLC
SRNS SRNS10.5.3
PDCPPSIPPDCP(Header)VoIPRTP/UDP/IPIPv440 bytes20 bytesPDCP
-
73
73
Section 10.3.5Section 10.3.5Broadcast and Multicast ControlBMC
-
74
74
BMC
BMC PS domainbroadcastmulticastBMC
-
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75
BMC (1/2)
UTRAN BMC BMCCell
Broadcast CenterCBC RRCFACHCTCH
schedulingbuffer
-
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76
BMC (2/2)
UE BMC RRC
-
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77
Section 10.3.6Section 10.3.6Radio Resource ControlRRC
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78
RRC
MACRLCPDCPBMC MAC RRC
10.4UE Mobility ManagementMM
RRCUEUTRANcontrol signaling, UE(MACRLCPDCPBMC)(Admission Control)(Handover Control)(Power Control) ( downlink outer and open loop power control), (Channelization Code Allocation)(Load Control)(Packet Scheduling)
Ex: error rate, retransmission.UTRAN MM , UTRAN MS cell URA.programmer RRC, RRC Non-Access Stratum,
cell system information. radio . paging, , cell page, paging timing, . UE connection message.
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PS Domain (1/2)
UMTS GPRS Routing AreaRA RA URAUTRAN Registration AreaUE
LA
RA
RAURA
URA URA
URAURA
URAURA
RA
URAcell
cellcell
cell
cell (for CS/PS domain)
URA: UTRAN RA (for PS domain)
RA: register area (for PS domain)
LA: location area (for CS domain)big
small
MS, GPRS/UMTS cells (BTSs/Node Bs) groups. MS, MS cells MS radio link. CS domain , cells location areas (LAs). VLR MS LA. PS domain , cells routing areas (RA). RA LA . SGSN MS RA.UMTS , RA UTRAN RAs (URAs). UTRAN URA MS cell. ( LA RA) inactive user resource . state user, location update strategy.
UE IDLE mode, CS domain, MSC/VLR LA. incoming call page UE. PS domain, SGSN RA ID (UTRAN UE data).UE CONNECTED mode,
dedicated mode (RRC state=Cell_DCH, Cell_FACH, Cell_PCH), UTRAN UE, cell level. Cell_URA, UTRAN URA level .
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PS Domain (2/2)
UE UTRAN UE cell URA
nononoyesyesyesLAnoyesyesnono-RAyesno-no--URAyesnoyesnononoCell
UMTSUMTS
GPRS
UMTS
GPRS
GSMUTRANSGSNMSC/VLR
MSC/VLR, SGSN UTRAN GSM, GPRS, UMTS , (i.e., cell, URA, RA, TA ). circuit switched domain , GSM/GPRS/UMTS MSC/VLR LA. packet switched domain , GPRS SGSN , RA cell. UMTS SGSN RA, UTRAN URA cell.
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10-15 GSM/GPRS/UMTS
Establish RRCConnection
Release RRCConnection
UTRA RRC Connected ModeUTRA: Inter-RAT
HandoverGSM:
Handover
Establish RRCConnection
Release RRCConnection
URA_PCH CELL_PCH GSMConnectedMode
Establish RRConnection
Release RRConnection
Idle Mode
Camping on a UTRAN cell Camping on a GSM / GPRS cell
GPRS Packet Idle Mode
GPRSPacket
TransferMode
Initiation oftemporaryblock flow
Release oftemporaryblock flow
Cell reselection
CELL_DCH
out ofservice
inservice
CELL_FACH
out ofservice
out ofservice
inservice
servicein
MM state PDP context state (SM) , RRC state radio management , MM state , SGSN wireless , resource . GSM MS RR connection, connected mode. RRC RRC states, user radio resource, radio resource . .UTRAN RRC states idle/connected mode, connected mode 4 states (Cell_PACH, Cell_DCH, Cell_PCH URA_PCH), radio resource.
Idle mode UE broadcast information, CS UE LA ID for CS domain, RA ID for packet domain. UTRAN .Connect mode UE UTRAN CN connection ( physical channel UE). Cell_PCH URA_PCH channel, RRC connections. , resource.
GSM GPRS handover.Idle mode: , network, , UE Idle mode, UE RRC connection. , system information cell broadcast message. request.
Idle mode , location update, UE Cell_DCH Cell_RACH., Cell_DCH, DCCH , DTCH . voice Cell_DCH. packet 5 state.
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(1/2)
10-15 GSM/GPRS/UMTS UE GSM GPRS
UE GSM Radio Resource connectionRR connectionidle modeGSMGSM connected mode
UE GPRS radio blockGPRSGPRS packet transfer mode
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UE UTRAN RRC RRC connectionUTRA RRC connected mode
CELL_DCHCELL_FACHCELL_PCH URA_PCH
CS domain CELL_DCH UE UE
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84
- CELL_DCH
UE DCH CS domainPS domain DCH UTRAN DCH UE FACH PCH CELL_FACH CELL_PCH DCHCELL_DCH
UE
-
85
85
- CELL_FACH
UE FACH RACH PS
FACH RACH
UE CELL_FACH UTRAN UE PCH CELL_PCH UE
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86
CELL_PCH
UE PCH
UE
UE Cell_PCH UTRAN UE URA_PCH UTRAN
-
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87
URA_PCH
UE PCH
UE URA URA
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88
Section 10.4Section 10.4
Radio Resource ManagementRRM
-
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89
UE RRM
(admission control) WCDMAUEadmission control UE3GPP
Radio Access NetworkCore NetworkService Network.
Power control UE Node B .Handover control handoff .Channelization Code Allocation: UE code spreading.Load controlPacket Scheduling
-
90
90
Admission Control
WCDMA
RNC
overload
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91
Power Control
UENode B
open loop close loop
inner closed loop power controlouter close loop power control
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92
UE Node B UE
near-far effect UE 1
broadcast
Node B
UE 2
!
Interference limited systemPower control: Gracefully degradation
WCDMA power control . uplink power control, uplink power control, , cell (block), power control, UE , system capacity.
WCDMA power control 1500 , IS-95 800 , fast.
BS, power bit rate. power control, power , , BS cell , solution bit rate ( service )., downlink power . BS power , user cell , user power . . admission control microcell/macrocell, load BS.cell breathing uplink , BS loading (not overloading), , link budget , new user BS, BS , so cell range is short than before at this time. , BS UE , (UE ), Node B UE (uplink) power, connected UE . SIR , coverage area . coverage area unconnected UE, , blocked.
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93
UE
RNCFrame Error RateFERSIRNode BNode B SIR
-
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94
UE1
UE2
P1
P2
Node B Node BUENode B UE SIR target SIR measured SIR > target SIRBS UE power measured SIR
< target SIRBS UE power
Node B UE UE SIRSignal-to-Interference Ratio
1500 Hzfast power control
UE1 UE2 , spreading code . UE1 cell path loss , UE2 BS. UE1 UE2 power control, power , UE1 UE2 . near-far problem of CDMA. BS .Open-loop power control UE , UE Node B common channel , channel, Node B UE power power control. UE , power. open-loop power control. RACH CPCH. Open-loop power control (), downlink beacon signal , path loss, . WCDMA uplink downlink , uplink/downlink fast fading . open-loop power control UE power setting. Fast closed-loop power control . uplink, BS (1.5kHz) Signal-to-Interference Ratio (SIR), target SIR . measured SIR > target SIR, BS UE power; measured SIR < target SIR, BS UE power. path loss fast Reyleigh fading , , so fast.
Note: power cell.Node-B TBC=0/1 UE power.Uplink, inner close loop power control UEuplinkNode-BSIR (Signal-to-Interference Ratio)QoS
closed-loop power control downlink. downlink, cell UE, BS , Rayleigh fading, UE BS .
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95
95
UE1
SIR target adjustment commands
Node BRNC
Time
target SIR
UE stands still
Frame reliability information
RNCFERFrame Error RateSIRNode BNode BSIRinner loop power control soft handoff
RNC BER
RNC Node B Frame BER ( soft handoff, RNC BER), BER target SIR setpoint, Node B. Node B SIR setpoint , fast power control. radio link connection, uplink frame error rate (FER), bit error rate (BER) , Node B (RNC ) target SIR setpoint , power. target SIR , , multipath , . target SIR setpoint (power), , (FER) .
, , target SIR , FER (ex: bit error rate
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Handover Control
MAHO UE RNCRNC UE
UMTS UE
softer handoversoft handover UE active set
UE hard handoverinter-system handover
soft/softer handover closed-loop power control , soft/softer handover, near-far scenarios, power ( BS power control), cells ( power control). soft/softer handover WCDMA . soft handoff no conversation interruption is occurred soft/softer handover , WCDMA handovers:Inter-frequency hard handover BS . capacity, frequency BSs. Node B carriers, UE carrier hard handoff carrier. Hard handoff soft handoff timing measurement. Inter-system hard handover WCDMA FDD WCDMA TDD, GSM, Multi-carrier CDMA . 3G , UTRAN .
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Soft Handover
UE1
Node BRNC
Sector 1
Sector 2
The same signal is sent from both sectors to UE1.
UENode B
Node B
BS sectors ( frequency), softer handover. UE BS, UE ? Answer: soft handover , (Rake receiver) delay, rake receiver is at Node B, rake finger is at UE. air interface , (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing .Uplink air path, BS baseband Rake receiver (maximal ratio combining) . softer handover , path power control. 5-15% softer handover.Active set: UE Node-B .SRNC system information, Cells list. UE measurement reports. RNC link, UE new cell active set ( DCCH Active Set Update). , cell link.UE DCCH Active Set Update Complete.
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Softer Handover
UE1
2nd Node B RNC
The same signal is sent from both BSs to UE1 except for the power control commands.
1st Node B
UENode B
RNC
BS ( frequency), soft handover. air interface , (maximal ratio combining) Rake processing . softer handover .Uplink , soft softer handover . uplink signal RNC . RNC frame reliability indicator ( outer power control) , frame, core network. 10-80ms ( interleaving). downlink RNC splitting, 3 instance, Node B, MS. path power control. handover SRNCDRNC, SRNC Node B (NBAP message) target SIR, DRNC target SIR. UE path power control , . 20-40% softer handover. soft handover, , :
Node B Rake receiver channels. RNC Node B transmission links UE Rake finger.
UTRA FDD CPICH (common pilot channel) Received Signal Code Power (RSCP): despreading, CPICH signal code Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI):
UTRS FDD Ec/No: RSCP/RSSI handover . spec operator power control SIR handover . soft handover , cell timing, Rake receiver combine BS . serving cell timing difference measurement, RNC. RNC target cell DCH timing .
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inter-system handover
UEUMTSGSMGSMUMTS
MSC
UTRANRNC
GSMBSS
UE12
34
56
Inter-RAT UMTSGSMRadio Access TechnologyRAT
1 system information2 measurement reports 3 relocation report RNC report handoff 4 acknowledgement (GSM information) 5 hard handover command to GSM 6 GSM handoff access
The UE monitors the appropriate radio resources, sending the required measurements to SRNC.The SRNC assesses the measurement results and may decide to handover from UTRAN to GSM. 6 GSM dedicate channel . WCDMA voice call , break (gap), GSM signal (), user , compressed mode. compressed:Reducing the data rate form the upper layers. ()Lowering the spreading factor so that fewer chips are used to represent the same amount of data. bit rate , slots . . (ex: spreading factor , power , .Reducing the symbol rate by puncturing at the physical layer. 5 bits, 4 bits, .
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Load Control
RRM
-
101
101
Packet Scheduling
10.3.6 10-15 connectedUE UE Cell_DCH Cell_FACH/Cell_PCH UECell_DCH Internet
UE Internet UE
-
102
102
Section 10.5Section 10.5Data Service in Packed Switched Domain
PS(i.e. GPRS Attach)(Session Management, SM)IPIPPS
UMTSPSSGSNGGSNPSPSSGSNGGSN(PDP Context)PDP ContextPDP(PDPPDPPDPPDP(IP))APN(Access Point Name)QoSPDU(PDCP-SNDPDCP-SNU)PDP Context ActivationPDP Context ModificationPDP Context DeactivationSecondary PDP Context Activation
UMTSSecondary PDP Context(2.5G GPRSR99)
Secondary PDP ContextIPAPNQoS(PDP Context)Rel-5IMSPDP Context #1(QoSInteractive)IMSPDP Context #2(QoSConversational)PDP ContextIP
each UE 11 address. IP channels, QoS, second PDP context.
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UMTS GMM
UMTS PS domain GPRS Mobility ManagementGMMUE GPRS RA SGSN UE RA
SGSN MM context
PDP context
MM contextPDP context
GPRS UMTS IMSI user Identity, GSM MAP signaling. GPRS, UMTS Radio network parameters radio resources UTRAN . GPRS BSS, UTRAN MS CN MM procedures . UMTS GPRS , SGSN GMM state translation , (, ), procedure/parameter . RA Updating Procedure
Step 1:MSRouting Area Update Request Follow on UMTS, Step 2: old SGSN new SGSN Inter-RNC data forwarding
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GMM (1/2)
UMTS PS domainGMM PS domainPS attach procedures PS GPRS detach procedures
PS
location management procedure
service request procedure
UMTS
PSGMMGPRS AttachGPRS DetachSecurityLocation Management ProcedureService Request ProcedureUMTS-GPRS Intersystem- Change Procedure
PS attach procedurePSPSSGSNHLR(MM context)10-2PS detach procedurePS attach procedurePSSecurity procedure(Authentication)(P-TMSI reallocationP-TMSI signature)(Ciphering)
GSM challenge, 3G challenge .Location management procedureRA UpdateCombined RA/LA updateService request procedureUMTSpaging
UMTS-GPRS intersystem-change procedureGSM/GPRS/UMTS(dual-mode)GPRSUMTSIP
Security procedure(Authentication)(P-TMSI reallocationP-TMSI signature)(Ciphering)
GMMRA Update Procedure(Normal)(Periodic)
Normal MSRARA Update
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GMM (2/2)
UMTSGPRSUMTS-GPRS intersystem-change procedure
GSM/GPRS/UMTS GPRS UMTS IP
security procedureauthentication P-TMSI reallocation P-TMSI signature ciphering10-6
-
106
106
Section 10.5.1Section 10.5.1Mobility Management in Packet Switched Domain
-
107
107
PS Domain
UE PS domain PS
SGSN SGSN HLR SGSN MM context
PS/CS Attach PS domain CS domain
-
108
108
10-16 PS/CS Attach (1/2)
SGSNIMSI MM context UE
SGSN, UEIMSI
PS domainlocation update 6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6c. Cancel Location Ack
6b. Cancel Location
3. Identity Response
2. Identification Response
2. Identification Request1. Attach Request
5. IMEI Check
3. Identity Request
4. Authentication
6a. Update Location
6f. Update Location Ack
6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
UE UTRAN New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN HLREIR OldMSC/VLRNew
MSC/VLR
1: MSAttach Request (IMSI/P-TMSI, old RAI, classmark, Attach Type, , Follow On Request, ) SGSN
Attach type(GPRS attachcombined GPRS/IMSI Attach)Follow on requestAttach RequestIuFollow on requestUMTS2.5G GPRS
SGSNAttach RequestMS
SGSNMSSGSN 2SGSNIMSISGSNP-TMSIMM context
MM context(SGSNMS) 6 7SGSNMS 2 3
2: SGSNIdentification RequestSGSNMSIMSIMM contextSGSNMSSGSN 3IMSISGSN 2IMSI 3 3: SGSNIdentity RequestMSIMSI 4~5: SGSNMS IMEI
6a 6f: SGSNMSMS
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109
109
10-16 PS/CS Attach (2/2)
CS domainlocation update
UE attachVLRTMSI
UE GPRS Attach PS domain PDP context Activation Procedure IP
PS domainGMM
7d. Cancel Location Ack
7c. Cancel Location
7b. Update Location
7g. Update Location Ack
7e. Insert Subscriber Data
7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
7a. Location Update Request
7h. Location Update Accept
UE UTRAN New SGSN Old SGSN GGSN HLREIR OldMSC/VLRNew
MSC/VLR
9. Attach Complete
8. Attach Accept
10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
7a~7h: 1Attach TypeCombined GPRS/IMSI AttachGs 7aSGSNVLRLocation Update RequestVLRCSIMSI AttachPSSGSNCS/PSGsSGSN 7b~7hCS 8: SGSNAttach Accept(P-TMSI, TMSI,)MS 9-10: P-TMSITMSIMSAttach Complete( 9)TMSISGSNTMSI Reallocation CompleteMSVLR( 10)MSGPRS AttachPS(PDP Context Activation ProcedureIP10.4.2)PSGMM
-
110
110
(1/2)
RARA update procedure RALARALACombined RA/LA update procedure
RA update procedure normal periodicUE
SGSN
-
111
111
(2/2)
SGSN RA update procedure SGSNRAintra-SGSN RA
update procedure SGSN UE GGSN HLR RA update
SGSNRAinter-SGSN RA update procedure
SGSN SGSN MM context PDP contexts RNC SGSN SGSN
-
112
112
10-17 SGSN RA (1/2)
SGSNIMSIMM contextUE
UE SGSNSRNC PCP context SRNC
SGSN
GGSNPDP context
SGSN HLR SGSN PS domain
3. SGSN Context Response4. Security Functions
2. SGSN Context Request
1. Routeing Area Update Request
UE Old SRNS GGSNOld3G-SGSN
New3G-SGSN
HLRNewMSC/VLROld
MSC/VLR
5. SGSN Context Ack
9. Update PDP Context Response
9. Update PDP Context Request
2a. SRNS Context Request
2a. SRNS Context Response
6. SRNS Data Forward Command
7. Forward Packets
8. Forward Packets
new SRNS
1: MSRouting Area Update Request (old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature, Update Type, Classmark, PDP context status)SGSN
Update Type(RA updateperiodic RA updatecombined RA/LA update)Follow On RequestPDP context statusPDP context(ActiveInactive)Follow On RequestUMTS
2~2a: Inter SGSN RA Update ProcedureSGSNSGSN Context Request (old RAI, old P-TMSI Signature, New SGSN Address)SGSNMM contextPDP contextsSGSNMSold P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM
P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM-IDLE2a 3MS 3
P-TMSI SignatureMSPMM-CONNECTED() 2aRNCPDP ContextGTP(Sequence Number)PDCPRNCMSSRNS Context Response (IMSI, GTP-SNDs, GTP-SNUs, PDCP-SNUs)SGSN
3: SGSNSGSN Context Response (MM Context, PDP Contexts)MSMM context PDP contextsSGSNPDP contextGTP-SNDGTP-SNU 4: SGSNRA Reject 5: SGSN 3SGSN Context AckSGSNSGSNMS 6: MSPMM-CONNECTEDSGSNSRNS Data
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113
113
10-17 SGSN RA (2/2)
PS domainlocation update
CS domainlocation update
UE RA update
VLRTMSI
UE Old SRNS GGSNOld3G-SGSN
New3G-SGSN
HLRNewMSC/VLROld
MSC/VLR
11. Cancel Location
11. Cancel Location Ack
10. Update Location
15b. Cancel Location
Cancel Location Ack
15d. Insert Subscriber Data
19. TMSI Reallocation Complete
15f. Update Location Ack16. Location Update Accept
18. Routeing Area Update Complete
17. Routeing Area Update Accept
13. Update Location Ack
15a. Update Location
14. Location Update Request
12. Insert Subscriber Data
12. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
15e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
11a. Iu Release Command
11a. Iu Release Complete
new SRNS
15c.
10: SGSNUpdate Location (SGSN Number, SGSN Address, IMSI)HLRSGSN 11: HLRCancel Location (IMSI, Cancellation Type)SGSNMM ContextMSInter SGSN RA UpdateSGSNRA UpdateSGSN 2(Timer)SGSNHLRCancel Location( 11)MM ContextIu( 11a Iu Release Command and Complete) 12: HLRInsert Subscriber Data (IMSI, subscription data)SGSNSGSNPSDSGSNHLR Insert Subscriber Data Ack (IMSI, SGSN Area Restricted) 17RA Update 13: HLRUpdate Location Ack (IMSI)SGSN 10Update Location 14~16: RA UpdateCombined RA/LA UpdateSGSNGsMSCLA Update( 14~ 16) 17~18: 12SGSNPSSGSNRA UpdateMM ContextRouting Area Update Accept (P-TMSI, VLR TMSI, P-TMSI Signature)MSRouting Area Update Complete 19: 14~16SGSNTMSI Reallocation CompleteVLR
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Section 10.5.2Section 10.5.2Session Management in Packet Switched Domain
-
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115
(1/2)
PS domain Session ManagementSM IP IP PS domain PS SGSN
GGSN PS
-
116
116
(2/2)
SGSN GGSN PDP context PDP context PDP PDP
PDP PDP PDP APNAccess Point NameQoS PDU PDCP-SNDPDCP-SNU
PDP context activation 10-18 PDP context modification PDP context deactivation Secondary PDP context activation 10-19
-
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10-18 PDP Context Activation
3G-GGSN
5. Activate PDP Context Accept
2. Create PDP Context Response
2. Create PDP Context Request
1. Activate PDP Context Request
3G-SGSNUTRANUE
3 Radio Access Bearer Setup
4 . Update PDP Context Reponse
4 . Update PDP Context Request
UE MM attach, SGSN UE, PDP context activation. PDP active state. UE MM detach PDP Deactivate, PDP active state PDP inactive state. 1: UE (in PDP inactive state) Activate PDP Context Request (PDP Type, PDP Address, APN, QoS Requested, )SGSNPDP TypeIPIPv4IPv6PDP AddressIPIP3G/GPRSUEAPNAPNemome APNQoS RequestedMSQoS(QoS) 2: SGSNAPNDNS (Domain Name Server)GGSNCreate PDP Context Request(PDP Type, PDP Address, APN, QoSRequested, )GGSNPDP ContextPDP AddressIPGGSNIPGGSNCreate PDP Context Response (PDP Address, QoSNegotiated, Charging Id, Cause, )SGSN 3: SGSNCreate PDP Context ResponseRABUTRANRAB 4: 3RABQoS()SGSNUpdate PDP Context RequestQoSGGSNGGSNUpdate PDP Context Response 5: SGSNActivate PDP Context Accept (PDP Type, PDP Address, QoS Negotiated, )UEPDP AddressIP UE PDP active state.
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118
10-19 Secondary PDP ContexActivation
Secondary PDP context IP APN QoS PDP context
3G-GGSN
5. Activate PDP Context Accept
2. Create PDP Context Response
2. Create PDP Context Request
1. Activate Secondary PDP Context Request
3G-SGSNUTRANUE
3 Radio Access Bearer Setup
4 . Update PDP Context Reponse
4 . Update PDP Context Request
Rel-5IMSPDP context #1QoSinteractiveIMSPDP context #2QoSconversationalPDP contextIP
1: UEActivate Secondary PDP Context Request (Linked TI, NSAPI, TI, QoS Requested, TFT)
QoS RequiredQoS 2: SGSNUETIGGSNCreate PDP Context Request (QoS Negotiated, TEID, NSAPI, Primary NSAPI, TFT)GGSNSecondary PDP ContextGGSNPrimary NSAPINSAPIPDP ContextAPNPDP ContextQoSCreate PDP Context Response (TEID, QoS Negotiated, Cause) 3: SGSNRABRAB 4: 3RABQoS()SGSNUpdate PDP Context RequestQoSGGSNGGSNUpdate PDP Context Response 5: SGSNActivate Secondary PDP Context Accept (TI, QoS Negotiated, Radio Priority, Packet Flow Id)UE
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Section 10.5.3Section 10.5.3 SRNS Inter-SGSN SRNC Relocation on Packet Swtiched Domain
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RNC1 SGSN1RNC2 SGSN2
GGSN SGSN1RNC1RNC2Node B
RNC
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
SRNC
DRNC
Iub
Iur
Iu
UE
RNC
SRNCServing RNC DRNCDrift RNC
SGSN1RNC1
RNC2 SGSN2
GGSN
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RNC
Controlling RNC (CRNC)Serving RNC (SRNC)Drift RNC (DRNC)
Node B
Node BSRNC
IubIu
UE
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
SRNC
DRNC
Iub
Iur
Iu
UE
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
RNC
SRNC
Iub
Iur
Iu
UE
(c)
Node B
Node B
Node B
Node B
SRNC
DRNC
Iub
Iur
Iu
UE
(d)(b)
handover
SRNC
CRNC Node B
DRNC //
(a)
RNC , CRNC, SRNC, DRNC.CRNC: RNC Node B , CRNC.
cells load and congestion control. UE , admission control code allocation.
UE UTRAN , handover, RNC , RNC :SRNC: UE UTRAN , CN , CN RANAP RNC, SRNC. SRNC RRC signaling . SRNC air interface L2 , Radio Access Bearer air interface transport channel , handover decision, outer loop power control.
Note: RNC CN RANAP connection.DRCN: UE , UE RNC, SRNC , DRNC. DRNC data routing, macro-diversity combining and splitting. DRNC L2 , UE transport channel , Iub, Iur .
UE SRNC, 0 DRNC. inter-RNC soft handover , (a) UE SRNC . (b) UE soft handover RNC , SRNC combine , DRNC. (c) UE , Node B .
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SRNC
GGSNSGSN2RNC2Node BUE
10-20
UE RNS RNC1 SRNS RNC2 SRNC
10-21
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10-20 SRNS
aSRNS bSRNS
(1) packet core network link (2) RNC1 (3) SRNC packet RNC (4) MS RNC2 SRNC. (5) PDP context (6) RNC1 link.
GGSN
SGSN2
LA1,RA1
UE
LA2,RA2
SGSN1
RNC1
LA1,RA1
UE
LA2,RA2
(a) (b)
SGSN1
RNC1 RNC2 RNC2
SGSN2
GGSN
SRNC Relocation: (1) packet core network link, (2) RNC1 , (3) SRNC packet RNC (4) MS RNC2 SRNC. (5) PDP context (6) RNC1 link.
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10-21 SRNSRNC2RNC1 SGSN1 SGSN2 GGSN
2. ForwardRelocationRequest
3. RelocationRequest
1. RelocationRequired
5. RelocationCommand4. ForwardRelocationResponse
3. RelocationRequestAcknowledge
7. RelocationDetect
UE
10. RelocationComplete
11. ForwardRelocationComplete
8.UTRANMobility Information
8. UTRAN MobilityInformationConfirm
9. Update PDP Context Request
12. Iu Release Command12. Iu Release Complete
6. RelocationCommit
Forwardingof data
9. Update PDP Context Response
11. Forward RelocationCompleteAck.
13. RoutingArea Update
RNC1SRNC, RNC2UE, SRNC Relocation. UE .Step1: RNC1 SGSN 1 SRNC Relocation (Relocation Type, Cause, Source ID, Target ID ) .Step2: SGNS1messageRNC2SGNS2, Target RNC id, transparent information field, IMSI, MM context, PDP contexts.Step3: SGSN2RNC2, Target RNC id, transparentinformation field. RNC2Iu, RNC IP address, TEID SGSN2 .Step4: SGSN2 IuSGSN2SGSN1. Step5: SGSN1 RNC1 RNC1Relocation.Step6: RNC1 RNC2 UESequence NumberRNC1T3-TUNNELUERNC2 Step7: RNC2SGSN2.Step8: RNC2UERNC2 RLCUE UE RNC2.Step9: ( Step7 ) SGSN2 Relocation DetectSGSN. SGSN2 GGSN, UE , PDP context.Step10: ( Step8 ) RNC2 SGSN2 Relocation.Step 11: SGNS2 SGSN1 Relocation.Step 12: SGNS1 RNC1 radio link.Step 13: RNC1 RNC2 SGSN, RA, Routing Area Update
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Section 10.6Section 10.6Security Mechanism
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GSM
i.e.UEBTSAbis
integrity protection
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UMTS (1/2)
UE RNC
UMTS UIAUMTS Integrity Algorithm f9
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UMTS (2/2)
UMTSUEAUMTS Encryption Algorithm f8
UE RNC Node B RNC
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AuC
Quintet AVAV=(AUTN, RAND, XRES, CK, IK) AUTN = (SQN AK) || AMF || MAC
AK = f5K(RAND)MAC = f1K(SQN || RAND || AMF)
XRES = f2K(RAND) CK = f3K(RAND) IK = f4K(RAND)
AuCUE
UEAuC
AUTNAuthentication Token
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Quintet
K: secrete key (in USIM & AuC) AMF: Authentication and Key Management
AuC RAND: 128-bit random number SQN: : 128-bit sequence number
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10-22 AuC
Generate SQN
Generate RAND
f1 f2 f3 f4 f5
AUTN := SQN AK || AMF || MAC
AV := RAND || XRES || CK || IK || AUTN
RAND
AMF
MAC XRES CK IK AK
K
SNQ
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10-23 USIM
K SQN
RAND
f1 f2 f3 f4
f5
XMAC RES CK IK
AK
SQN AK AMF MAC
AUTN
MAC = XMAC
SQN
USINXMACMAC
VLR/SGSNRANDAUTH
UE
Expected MACXRES
UEXRES, IK, CK. UEXRES.
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10-24 UMTSL3
UE
UE
VLR/SGSMUTRAN
RNC
UE.
.
.
AuCVLR/SGSN Quintet.UESRNC, HLR/AuC.
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Section 10.7Section 10.7Summary
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Summary
IP3G UMTS R99QoSUMTSUMTSPS3G3G
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Homework