Chemical Analysis
Spring, 2011 by
駱碧秀老師
• When & Where: 9:10-12:00 (Mon. at M0301)• Office : 醫學大樓 6F,自然科共同實驗室,分機: 5018 • 教學網站: http://memo.cgu.edu.tw/bih-show/
• E-mail: [email protected]
• Office Hours: Wed. 16:10-18:00
Lecture & Assignment Schedule• Week Date Topics• 1 2/21 Introduction & Naming Compounds • 2 2/28 Holiday• 3 3/07 Chapter 3 Math Toolkit• 4 3/14 Chapter 4 Statistics• 5 3/21 Chapter 9~10 Buffers & Titrations• 6 3/28 Chapter 11 Polyprotic Acids & Bases• 3/30 期中考 I (工六第一會議室) 18:00-21:00• 7 4/04 Holiday• 8 4/11 Chapter 18 Let There Be Light• 9 4/18 Molecular Orbital• 10 4/25 Chapter 19 Spectrometry• 11 5/02 Chapter 14 Electrochemistry• 12 5/09 Chapter 15 Electrode Measurements• 5/11期中考 II(工六第一會議室) 18:00-21:00• 13 5/16 Chapter 13 Coordination Chemistry & EDTA Titrations• 14 5/23 Chapter 21 Principles of Chromatography• 15 5/30 Chapter 22 GC & LC• 16 6/06 Holiday • 17 6/13 Chapter 23 Capillary Electrophoresis• 18 6/20 期末考 (工六第一會議室) 9:00-12:00
Text Book
Daniel C. Harris,
“Exploring Chemical Analysis”, 4th Edition, 2009
by W.H. Freeman & Company.
Grade:• 作業 : 5 %• 小考 : 10% • 期中考 I : 25%• 期中考 II& 期末考 : 各 30%
「成績,不只是在於你知道什麼,而在於你表現什麼。」
成功法則第一招:一定要來上課!
For most its users, analytical chemistry is a tool – not an end in itself.
If you are interested in biology, medicine, environmental science, geology, oceanography, or archeology, you will rely on chemical analyses to answer important questions.
It is possible that you will make measurements yourself, but it is more likely that you will simply be a consumer of analytical results.
What Am I Doing in This Course?
Goals of this course
(1) To understand how analysts derive the results that you will use.
(2) To understand the limitations (the uncertainties) of the results.
(3) To develop laboratory skills and careful work habits that you can apply in your field.
This course will help you, as an informed citizen.
To appreciate how quantitative information is obtained and interpreted.
And it should help give you a basis for positive actions in your own field of interest.
How do you measure the caffeine content of a chocolate bar ?
Theobromine Diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, cardiac stimulant, and vasodilator
Caffeine Central nervous system stimulant and diuretic
Extracting fat from chocolate
Centrifugation & Filtration
Chemical Analysis
Calibration
Results:
FYI:
General Steps in a Chemical Analysis
1) Formulation the question
2) Selecting analytical procedures
3) Sampling
4) Sample preparation
5) Analysis
6) Reporting & interpretation
7) Drawing conclusions
Naming Simple Compounds IUPAC - I
1. Binary compounds (Type I ; ionic)1) cation + anion (ide)
Left right
2) See Table 1 & example : NaCl
sodium chlorine ide
2. Binary compounds (Type II ; ionic)– for metals with more than one type of ion– Table 2 -ic / -ous– exception : IA , IIA , Al3+ , Zn2+ , Ag+
Table 1 Common Monatomic Cations and Anions
Cation Name Anion Name
H+ hydrogen H- hydride
Li+ lithium F- fluoride
Na+ sodium Cl- chloride
K+ potassium Br- bromide
Cs+ cesium I- iodide
Be2+ beryllium O2- oxide
Mg2+ magnesium S2- sulfide
Ca2+ calcium N3- nitride
Ba2+ barium P3- phosphide
Al3+ aluminum
Ag+ silver
Zn2+ zinc
Table 2 Common Type II Cations
Ion Systematic Name Alternate Name
Fe3+ iron (III) ferric
Fe2+ iron (II) ferrous
Cu2+ copper (II) cupric
Cu+ copper (I) cuprous
Co3+ cobalt (III) cobaltic
Co2+ cobalt (II) cobaltous
Sn4+ tin (IV) stannic
Sn2+ tin (II) stannous
Pb4+ lead (IV) plumbic
Pb2+ lead (II) plumbous
Hg2+ mercury (II) mercuric
Hg22+ * mercury (I) mercurous
* Note that mercury (I) ions always occur bound together to from Hg22+.
Naming Simple Compounds IUPAC - II
3. Polyatomic ions1) NH4NO3 NH4
+ + NO3-
2) Table 3 (memorized !!)
3) O : hypo- / -ite / -ate / per-
4. Binary compounds (Type III ; covalent : nonmetals)– see p.39-40 for rules & examples
– H2O (water) , NH3 (ammonia) , CH4 (methane)
– Table 4
Table 3 Commmon Polyatomic Ions
Ion Name Ion Name
NH4+ ammonium CO3
2- carbonate
NO2- nitrite HCO3
- hydrogen carbonate
(bicarbonate is a widely used common name)
NO3- nitrate
SO32- sulfite
SO42- sulfate ClO- hypochlorite
HSO4- hydrogen sulfate
(bisulfate is a widely used common name)
ClO2- chlorite
ClO3- chlorate
ClO4- perchlorate
OH- hydroxide C2H3O2- acetate
CN- cyanide MnO4- permanganate
PO43- phosphate Cr2O7
2- dichromate
HPO42- hydrogen phosphate CrO4
2- chromate
H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate O2
2- peroxide
Table 4 Prefixes Used to Indicate Number in Chemical Names
Prefix Number Indicated
mono 1
di- 2
tri- 3
tetra- 4
penta- 5
hexa- 6
hepta- 7
octa- 8
Naming chemical compounds
Naming acids
Chapter 1 Chemical Measurements
• Microelectrode by Optical Micrograph
SI units
Ex: Exocytosis of Neurotransmitters
• 1ppm ~ 1ug/mL• 1ppb ~ 1 ng/mL
Parts per Million and Parts per BillionParts per Million and Parts per Billion• Concentrations of trace components of a
sample can be expressed as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb), terms that mean grams of substance per million or billion grams of total solution or mixture.
P. 29
Figure 1-6 A volumetric flask contains a specified volume when the liquid level is adjusted to the middle of the mark in the thin neck of the flask.
1-4 Preparing Solution