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TRttlNG QUOC UYEN
CHU TICH
HO o n M IMvOi ,
THf: DUC TH6 THAO
NHA XUAT BAN THE DUC THE THAO
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TRNG QUC UYN
CH TCH H CH MINH
vi
TH DC TH THAO
NH XUT BN TH Dc THE THAO
H Ni - 2003
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Li gii tiiu
Hng chc nm qua, nht l trong thi k i mi
hin nay, c s quan tm lnh o ca ng v Nhnc, Th dc th thao nc ta t c nhng thnh
tch ng mng v cc mt: Th dc th thao qun
chng, Gio dc th cht trong nh trng, Th thao
thnh tch cao, o to cn b vv... Nn Th dc th
thao Vit Nam ngv cng khng nh v th ca mnh
ng Nam , Chu v Th gii. Nhng thnh tu lun gn lin vi s quan tm v ch hng ca Bc H
c sinh thi. Nhn k nim 57 nm, ngy Ch tch H
Ch Minh knh yu I'a li ku gi "Ton dn tp th dc
v k Sc lnh thnh lp Nha Thanh nin v Th dc,
t chc tin thn ca ngnh Th dc th thao v nhn
k nim 113 nm ny sinh ca Ngi, Nh xut bnTh dc Th thao ti bn cun sch Ch tich H Ch
M inh vi Th duc T h th a o ('n tnc gi Trng Quc
yn. y l mt vic lm )'t ctug trn trng.
Ciin sc l Ch tch H Ch M in h vi Th dc
Ti thao' xiit bn ln dii v;o nm 2000. c ng
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o bn c trong v ngoi ngnh Th dc th thao
hoan nghnh v n nhn. Ti bn ln ny, cun sch
c b sung v hon chnh hn, nht l phn ni ti ttng H Ch Minh v Th dc th thao, v ang
c ng, Nh nc ta pht trin v ch o c hiu
qu.
Chng ta mi mi ghi nh cng n Bc H dnh
cho Th dc th thao s quan tm chm sc n cn ca
Ngi. Di s lnh o ca ng v Nh nc, NgnhTh dc th thao ang phi hp cht ch vi cc Ngnh,
on th quyt tm thc hin nhng tng v li cn
dn ca Bc H, nhm a s nghip Th dc Th thao
nc nh khng ngng pht trin mnh m.
Ti hy vng cun sch Ch t ch H Ch M inh vi
Th due Th thao ti bn ln ny s gip ch nhiucho cng tc tuyn truyn gio dc, hc tp, nghin cu
t tng H Ch minh v Th dc th thao v tip tc
ng vin tinh thn cuc vn ng Ton dn rn luyn
thn th theo gng Bc H v i thu c nhiu
thnh tch.
PGS.TS Nguyn Danh Thi
B TRNG - CH NHIM Y BAN TH DUC TH thao
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Li ^ gi ton dn tp th dc
ign dn ch, xy dng nc nh, gy i sngmi, vic g cng cn c sc kho mi lm tbiil
cng.
Mi m t ngi dn yu t, tc l lm cho c nc yu
t int phn; mi m t ngi dn mnh kho, tc l gp
phin cho c nc mnh kho.
Vv nn uyn tp th dc, bi b sc kho l hn phn
ca mi m t ngi dn yu nc.
Vic khng tn km, kh khn g, gi trai, gi tr, ai
cng nn lm v ai cng lm dc. Mi ngi lc ng
dy, tp t pht th dc, ngy no cng tp th kh huy t
lu thng, tinh thn y d. Nh vy l sc kbo.Dn cng th nc thnh. Ti mong ng ho ta ai
cng gng tp th dc.
T ti ngy no cng tp.
Thng 3 nm 1946
H CH MINH
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NN THE DC THE THAO MICA NC VIT NAM MI
I. MY NT V NN TH DC TH THAO NC TATRC CCH MNG THNG TM NM 1945
Dn tc Vit nam c hn bn ngn nm lch s dngnc v gi nc. VI ch bt khut, kin cng, dntc ta lm nn nhng chin tch v cng hin hch;
chng gic ngoi xm, m mang t nc, lp nn nonsng g'm vc mi mi vng bn, sng to ra nn vn
ho m bn sc dn tc. trong c vn ho ththao. Nn Th dc th thao dn tc c bt ngun tlao ng sng to v chin u chn^ xm lng canhn dn ta. Trong x hi phong kin v thi k thuc
Php, mc d ch yu mang tnh cht t pht, phm VI v i tng hp, thiu nh hng phc v i chng,nhng nhn chung Th dc th thao ca dn tc Vit
Nam lun thc s gn V(3i cng cuc bo v T quc, qu
ing, gn vi cuc sng ca ngi lao ng, gp phnvun p tinh thn cng ng, lm phong ph i sng
vn ho ca dn tc ta.
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Trong x hi phong kin, mc d c nhiu hn ch dos chi phi ca thc h phong kin thin cn, nr thdc th thao dn tc Vit Nam vn th hin c tnhphong ph ca n thng qua cc hnh thc: Rn luynk nng chin u s dng binh kh (gni, gio v.v...)v tay khng; rn luyn i chn nhanh nhn, bn bdo dai cho binh lnh ra chin trn v thanh nin ginc gi lng; t chc vui chi, thi u vo nhng ngyxun nhn ri, trong cc l hi truyn thng v l mngchin thng, vi cc loi hnh nh; v, vt c truyn, bithuyn, bi ln, chy bng ng, vt dc, ko co, nhc, nh pht, cu chinh, nm cn, y gy, uanga, ua voi v.v...
Mt tch cc ca phong tro tp luyn cc mn ththao dn tc trong cc thi k lch s ca x hi phongkin l n lun gn lin vi vic hun luyn qun shng ngy trong cc binh chng nh b binh, k binh,tng binh, thy binh v php nh ch bng tayhng, bng binh kh, rt ui ch, vt sng, vto, bng rng, cc php nh trn, ph trn vv...Trong dn chng mi khi c gic ngoi xm th phongtro luyn tp v ngh, rn luyn sc kho c dy lnmnh m trong thanh nin. Cc b lo ng vin conchu mnh tch cc luyn tp, sn sng bo v xm
rg. qu hng T quc. Nhn dn ta gi tr gi trai,d c hay khng c luyn tp, nhng ai cng rtchung v dng. H cao v knh trng nhng ngi
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c sc kho tt, th cht cng trng, gii v, gii vt,dng cm chin 'u chng xm lng, chng p bc bc
lt bo tn. Nhn dn ta cng rt ham thch xem v cv nhng cuc u v, u vt, bi thuyn, bi chi vcc mn th thao dn tc khc c t chc trong cc
ngy l hi, ngy l mng chin thng.
Mhng mt tch cc ca Th dc th thao trong xhi tr i qu a nh iu th h c kt tin h thn h truyn
thng thng v ca dn tc ta, mt trong nhngtruyn thng cao p truyn t i ny qua i khctrong sut bn ngn nm lch s dng nc v gi ncv ngy nay chng ta cn phi pht huy mnh mtrong s nghip xy dng nn Th dc th thao x hich ngha Vit Nam.
Mc d b thc h phong kin chi phi lm cho Thdc th thao ca dn tc ta cn c nhiu mt hn ch cbn nh: phong tro tp luyn phn nhiu mang tnht pht, c chng hay ch, khng c c s x hi vngchc, thiu tnh i chng, ngi c tui hu nh khngtham gia tp luyn, n gii thng b cm k tp luyn,vui chi cc mn th thao dn tc do t tng lc huTrng nam khinh n, tuy vy lch s dn tc ta cnt tng c nhng i qun n hng mnh vi nhiu n
tng gii v ngh trong cuc khi ngha ca Hai BTrng v cuc khi ngha ca B Triu, lm nn nhngchin cng hin hch.
Cul th k XIX v u th k XX, mt s" mn th
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thao hin i t phng Ty c a vo nc ta lmcho Th dc th thao Vit Nam phong ph hn v loi
hnh. Do tnh ch t si ni, ho hng ca cc mn ny thu ht khng t thanh thiu nin nc ta t t chc vuichi, thi u giao hu khng ch th nh th m c ccng qu. Bn cnh phong tro tp luyn vvii chi thi
u t pht cc mn th thao hin i ca thanh thiunin, phong tro tp luyn cc mn th thao dn tcnht l v, vt vn c duy tr. Nhiu thanh nintrng kin gii v ngh xung vo cc i qun khingha chng thc dn Php ca Trng Cng nh,Phan nh Phng, Hong Hoa Thm v.v... v cngchnh t thc dn Php rt lo s, chng cm on,bt b nhng thanh nin Vit Nam luyn v, rn sc.
Gn 100 nm thng tr t nc ta, thc dn Phplon ton khng c thc tm ch trng ph t trin nnTh dc Th thao Vit Nam. Ngc li, chng s dngTh dc Th thao v khuyn khch pht trin mt s'mn th thao hin i nhm phc v li ch thng trca bn thc dn bn x.
ng trc phong tro cch mng ca nhn dn ta
ngy cng dng cao, nm 1940, vin thiu t hi qunPhp tn l Ducouroy xng phong tro Kho phng s" nhm thu ht mt b phn thanh thiu nin
ta vo cc cuc ua tranh ginh git, n thua gay gttrn cc u trng th thao trong nc v ng Dngnh cc cuc ua'xe p xuyn Vit, vng quanh ng
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Dng, cc trn bng gia cc i tuyn thanh ninca ba min Bc, Trung, Nam, nhm lm cho thanh
nin ta xa ri hoc lng qun nhim v u tranh ginhc lp cho dn tc, hoc li ko thanh nin lm tay saic lc cho chng, chia r nhn dn ta chng d bthng tr. Trong cng vn ho Vit Nam nm1943, Ban Thng v Trung ng ng Cng sn ngDng (ng Cng sn Vit Nam ngy nay) vchtrn d tm ca thc dn Php thng qua cc phongtro Thanh nin Hng o". Kho phng s v.v...Lm ra v sn sc n tr dc. th dc v c dc^^cho tui tr Vit Nam. ng ch Trng Chinh, nguynTng B th ng ta cng tng ch r: Bn thc dnPhp... gy phong tro thanh nin th dc rm rkhng ngoi mc ch chinh phc v m hoc thanh
nin Vit Nam. khin cho h qun nhim v cu nc,nhng sc lm tru nga cho Nh t Php Sauny, trong hi k S phn bi ca ti ng Dng"^3ucouroy th nhn m mu ca y dng Th dc ththao vo mc ch ngn chn cuc u tranh gii phngdn tc ca nhn dn Vit Nam, thc dn Php d
b tip lc thng tr t nc ta.
(1) cng vn ho Vit Nam (nm 194S) ca Ban thng v
Trung ng ng Cng sn ng Dng, NXB S tht, Ha
Ni 1971, tr 365)
(2) Trng Chinh, Ch ngha Mc v n ho Vit Nam. in ln
th hai, NXB S Tht, H Ni 1974, tr5, 60)
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Tm li, mc d thc dn c tnh lm trch hng,song Th dc th thao nc ta trong thi k thuc Php
v c bn vn thuc v dn tc, do nhn dn t gydng ln phc v cho mnh, cho t nc. Nhiu mnth thao dn tc v mt s" mn th thao hin i vnc qun chng lao ng, nht l la tui thanh thiu
nin t chc tp luyn, vui chi, thi u trong nhngngy xun, nhng ngy hi h nhm duy tr i sng
vn ho th cht v pht huy tinh thn thng v cadn tc. Nhiu mn phi V dn tc c nhn dn tagi gn, tp luyn b mt cc lng qu, trn ni rng,sn sng chng li bn thc dn thng tr.
n. CH TCH H CH MINH KHAI SINH NN THDC TH THAO CCH MNG
1. Ngnh Th dc th thao cch mng ra i
Trong x hi phong kin, nc ta khng h c mtt chc chuyn trch no iu hnh cc hot ng thdc th thao ca dn tc. Cc hot ng ny ch yugn vi vic qun ca triu nh, do cc tng lnh trctip tin hnh t chc hun luyn, tp dt, vui chi,thi u trong binh lnh. Cn phong tro Th dc ththao dn tc ca dn chng th Nh nc phong kin ttrung ng xung n tn x thn hu nh khng ng
ra trc tip iu hnh cc hot ng ny. Phong troch yu mang tnh t pht trong thanh nin, thiunin, trung nin, h sng to ra cc tr chi vn ng
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vui kho, hnh thnh cc l vt, lp ra cc mn phi vthut, t t chc tp luyn, vui chi, thi u tranh gii
trong lng, ngoi x. Tuy nhin vo nhng ngy lmng chin thng, Nh nc phong kin vn huy ngcc mn th thao dn tc, cc tr chi dn gian t trongdn chng t chc vui chi, thi u gy khng khho hng trong ngy l.
Thi k nc ta di ch thng tr ca bn thc dn
Php, trc nm 1940, thc dn Php cho lp ra HiHng o Vit Nam nm trong Hi Hng o Php
quc. Hi Hng o Vit Nam ch ch trng thu ht
thanh nin, thiu nin v cch n mc, hc hnh theo
l Php, cn hot ng th dc th thao ch chim phn
rt nh. Nm 1941, nh cm quyn Php nc ta cho
thnh lp Tng cuc Th dc th thao thanh nin" iu hnh phong tro Kho phng s nhm ngn
chn cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc ca nhn dn
ta ang pht trin mnh m. T chc ny cng VI
phong tro Kho phng s b tan r hon ton
trc cuc Tng khi ngha thng Tm nm 194 ca
nhn dn ta.Ch tch H Ch Minh cng VI ng ta lnh o
ton dn tin hnh cuc cch mng thng Tm thnh
cng, lp nn nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho. t
nc va ginh c c lp dn tc gp phi bit
bao kh khn, tr lc bi th trong gic ngoi cng
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thm VI nn kinh t do ch c li rt ngho nn
c hu, nhn dn nhiu ni i rt, dch bnh honh
hnh, sc kho gim st nghim trng, tht hc v mch nng n. Trong hon cnh Ch tch H Ch Minh
cng vi ng ta ra nhiu ch trng ht sc
ng n, kp thi nhm y li nhng kh khn tr
lc v Ngi ku gi ng bo c nc chng gic i,
gic dt. gic ngoi xm. ng thi do nhn thc su
sc tm quan trng ca vai tr sc kho con ngi, sciho nhn dn, Ch tch H Ch Minh sm k sc
lnh thnh lp ngnh Y t v ngnh Th dc th thao
ca nc Vit Nam mi.
Trc tt t Du na thng, Ch tch H Ch Minh
k Sc lnh s14. ngy 31 thng ging nm 1946 thnh
p Nha Th dc Trung ng thuc B Thanh nin, tin
thn ca ngnh Th dc th thao ngy nay. Ngnh Th
dc th thao mi ra i c nhim v l lin lc mt
thit vi B Y t v B Gio dc nghin cu phng
php v thc hnh th dc trong ton quc nhni
Tng b sc kho quc dn v ci to ni ging Vit
Nam. tng cng v m rng cc hot ng th'dcth thao v trc tip ch o cng tc gio dc th cht
ho th h trc. Ch tch H Ch Minh k tip sc lnhS ( 33 ngy 27 thng 3 nm 1946 thnh lp Nha Thanh
nin v Th dc thuc B Quc gia Gio dc.
Ngnh Th dc th thao mi l c quan tliam mu
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ca Chnh ph cch mng do H Ch tch ng u.
y l c quan qun l, iu hnh cng tc th dc th
thao trong phm vi c nc. Ngnh Th dc th thaomi l c quan c trch cng tc th dc th thao v li
ch ca nhn dn v t nc. iu cha tng c
trong lch s dn tc Vit Nam t trc cch mng
thng Tm.
2. T tng H Ch Minh ch hng cho s hnh
thnh v pht trin nn Th dc th thao cchmng
Ch tch H Ch Minh, Ngi sng lp nn Cng ho
Dn ch Vit Nam. Ch mi ny quyt nh s ra di
v bn cht cch mng ca nn Th dc th thao m'1 .
nn Th dc th thao mi hnh thnh v pht trin
mang ban cht cch mng, v li ch ca ton dn v t
nc th iu c bn nht l phi c s nh hng ng
n, ch ra c mc tiu, nhim v r rng'. dp
ng iu , Ch tch H Ch Minh vit "LI ku gi
ton dn tp th dc. Li ku gi ton dn tp th dc
ca Ng'(Ji nh nh dng to chiu, dnh hng' cho slnh thnh v pht thn nn Th dc th thao mi ca
nc Vit Nam mi.
Vo mt bui chiu ci than^ .-i nm I94(i, ti tr HO'
Nha Th dc Trun^r ng (nay l nh s 8 ng on.u
Diu, H Ni) tp th cn h ca Nha ang tho luii
cng tc. tm cch pht ns phong tro th dc th
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thao, bng nhin ng B trng B thanh nin kim
Gim c Nha th dc Trung ng i vo, h hi t.ing
bo: H Ch tch vit Li ku gi ton dn tp thdc. Li ku gi tp th dc do Bc H t tay vit vivn phong bnh d, r rng, ai cng c th hiu c.
Ngi vit:
"Gi gn dn ch, xy dng nc nh, gy i sng
mi, vic gi cng cn c sc kho mi lm thnh cng
Mi mt ngi dn yu t, tc l lm cho c nc yut mt phn; mi mt ngi dn mnh kho, tc l gp
phn cho c nc mnh kho.
Vy nn luyn tp th dc, bi b sc kho l bn
phn ca mi mt ngi dn yu nc.
Vic khng tn km, kh khn gi, gi trai, gi tr,
ai cng nn lm ai cng lm c. Mi ngi lc ng
dy, tp t pht th dc, ngy no cng tp thi kh huyt
lu thng, tinh thn y . Nh vy l sc kho.
Dn cng thi nc thnh. Ti mong ng bo ta ai
cng gng tp th dc.
T ti ngy no cng tp" (1)Anh em trong Nha Th dc Trung ng v cng phn
khi v Li ku gi tp th dc ca Bc H l nh sng dn
ng, ch li cho cng tc th dc th thao cch mng.
(1) H Chi Minh: Ton tp, xu t bn ln th hai, NXB Chnh tr
Quc gia, H Ni, 1995, tp 4, trang 212
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Bc H ku gi ng bo tp Ih dc. thc cht l rn
uyn thn th bng nhiu hnh thc, phng php v
nhng bi tp vi nhng ng tc k thut c tnh quylut, khoa hc. T Th dc vi ngha l gio dc th
cht. Vo nhng nm u th k XX, c Phan Bi
Chu, nh yu nc ln tng ni ti th dc gm
th dc tay khng, th dc c dng c, th dc gii tr...
Nguyn Th tng Phm Vn ng cng ni: Ch
th dc hay lm! Th dc l gio dc c th, o to cth, rn luyn c th... Vn ng l th dc
Nh vy. th dc l gio dc th cht, rn luyn thn
th nhm bo v v tng cng sc kho cho con ngi.
Hnh thc, phng php v bi tp th dc rt phong
ph.Theo ngha , Bc H ku gi ton th ng botp th dc khng ch l tp theo bi th dc ph thng
(bi th dc bui sng cho mi ngi), m cn c th tp
theo cc hnh thc, phng php, bi tp th lc khc
nhau, tv thuc iu kin sc kho, la tui, thi gian
ri, ngh nghip, hon cnh ca mi ngi. Bn thn
Bc H sng no cng t tp bi th dc ph thng, biquyn, t tay v.v...
(1) Uy ban Th dc th thao: Xy dng v pht trin nn Th dc
th thao Vit Natii dn tc, khoa hc v nhn dn, NXB
TDTT, H Ni 1999, tr 186
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Li ku gi ton dn tp th dc ca H Ch tch
ch ra mc ch, tnh cht ca phong tro th dc th
thao, ca nn th dc th thao mi ca nc Vit Nammi. Ngi ch r; Mc ch l pht trin phong tro tp
th dc ng gi gn v bi 'p sc kho cho mi ngi,
Dn cng th nc thnh. Sc kho ca ton th ng
bo lm nn s thnh vng cho t nc, cuc sng m
no hnh phc cho nhn dn. Ngi ch r tnh cht i
chng ca phong tro th dc th thao, ca nn th dcth thao mi; Ti mong ng bo ta ai cng gng tp
th dc, t gi tr gi trai u cn thit tp th dc.
Tp th dc l yu nc, bi v mi ngi dn c sc
tho mi tham gia Gi gn dn ch, xy dng nc
nh, gv i sng mi, vic g cng cn c sc kho mim thnh cng... Dn cng th nc thnh.
lii ku gi ton dn tp th dc ca Bc H vi
tng cao p ca Ngi c nh hng su sc ti tnh
cm, tinh thn v hnh ng ca nhn dn v mi
ngi hng hi lm theo ting gi ca v lnh t knh
yu. Ch hai thng sau khi Li ku gi ton dn tp thdc ca Bc H ng trn bo Cu quc s 199, ngy
27-3-1946, trong ton quc dy ln phong tro
Kho v nc si ni. Phong tro Kho v nc thc
cht l bc khi u ca nn th dc th thao mi cn
non tr nhng y sinh lc pht trin.
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3. Ch tch H Ch Minh ch thn pht n g
phon g tro Kho v nc
Ngy 26-5-1946, Bc H n d l khai mc Ngy
thanh nin vn ng t chc Th H Ni. Theo
mt shi k v ti liu lch s th chiu ngy 25-5, c
trn giao hu bng gia i V quc qun v i
Thanh nin cu quc Hong Diu. Bc H n sn
vn ng v qu bng danh d, m mn cho trngiao hu. Ngy 26-5, bt u t gi sng, nhng m
my trng cn lng vng trn bu tri th H Ni
sau mt m h lng gi, ph" phng bng nhin tng
bng, rn rng hn ln. Cuc diu hnh ca t v v
thanh nin Th din ra rm r trn hu khp cc
ng ph" ln ca 5 ca , va i va h vang khuhiu; H Ch tch mun nm!; Nhit lit hng ng
Li ku gi tp th dc ca H Ch tch! v ht bi
Kho v nc. Cc on diu hnh cui cng ko v
Khu ng Dng hc x (khu trng i hc Bch
Khoa H Ni ngy nay). Sut ngy 26-5 din ra cc
hot ng si ni nh cm tri, thi ng din bi thdc ph thng, thi vn ngh... ng 19 gi 20 pht,
hng nghn ngi v cng sung sng c n Bc H
n d ngy hi vui kho ny. Ngi tin n chm
Ngn la thing pht ng phong tro Kho v nc.
Mgay sau Ngy thanh nin vn ng, phong tro
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Kho v ncdy ln si ni khp Th H Ni. T
Th H Ni, phong tro Kho v nc nhanh chong
lan to ti cc tnh, thnh ph" Bc, Trun, Nam ca Tquc v phong tro c pht trirn mnh m nhiu
ph" phng, trng hc, x nghip, lng mc, cng s,
cc n v t v, v quc qun, cc c s on Thanh
nin cu quc. Phong tro Kho v nvc c nhiu loi
hnh tp luyn thi u giao hu, vui chi nh Bi Th
dc ph thng, in kinh, bi li, bng , bng chuyn,bng r. qun vt, cc mn th thao dn tc v tr chi
dn gian nh v, vt c truyn, bi thuyn, bi chi,
nh pht, cu chinh, ko co, nm cn, y gy v.v...
S pht trin phong tro tp luyn theo cc loi hnh
ty thuc vo iu kin v truyn thng mi a
phng, mi vng. ng o cc tng lp nhn dn baogm nam n thanh thiu nin, ngi trung cao tui, hc
sinh, sinh vin, gio vin, cng chc, tr thc, cng
nhn, nng dn, cc chin s v quc qun, t v thnh,
dn qun x, thn, lng u nhit tnh tham gia tp
uyn.
Bc H mi sng thc dy trc 5 gi sng rnluyn thn th. Ngi cng cc chin s cnh v vo mi
bui ti, tri trn^ sng tp v khng bit mt mi. Bc
H cn dnh thi gian n ng vin phong tro Kho
v nc v thm cc lp o to, bi dng cn b,
hng dn vin, hu n luyn vin th dc th thao Th
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H Ni. Ngi ni chuyn, ch bo cho cc hc vin
hc tp tt v cc c s hng dn ng bo tp luyn
th dc, bi b sc kho.Phong tro Kho v nc pht trin si ni trong
sut nm 1946. Nhiu c s in hnh ca phong tro,
nhiu c nhn nu gng tp luyn cho mi ngi noithoo. nhiu cn b, hun luyn vin, hng dn vin
n ln t chc, tuyn truyn, hng dn phong tro
qun chng tp th dc th thao. Nhm biu dngngi tt vic tt v cc mt v v rn luyn sc kho.
hng dn, ph t trin phong tro th dc th thao, gianm 1946, Ngi vit bi bo: "Noi gng anh em t vchin u Hong Diu (H Ni) ng trn bo Cu
quc s" 266 ngy 14-6-1946 biu dng cc chin s
ca n v v khuyn khch ng vin cc ni khc noitheo v cc mt nh; tc phong sinh hot rt nhanh
nhn, khn trng, trt t, ngn np, gn gng, v sinh
tt, cng tc x hi tch cc, sng 5 gi dy tp thdc th thao. Rt cm ng l Bc H biu dngtinh thn ca cc chin s t v Hong Diu xung phong
i cc tnh pht trin phong tro Kho v nc. Nhc Bc ch hng, nn Th dc th thao cch mngcn non tr pht trin r nt v i ng hng: th
dc th thao qun chng, gio dc th cht hc ing,o to bi dng lc lng cn b, hun luyn vin.
gio vin, hng dn vin th dc th thao. l nhng
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vu t' c bn ca nn th dc th thao mi. v th thaothnh tch cao lc by gi ch mi c mt s hot ng
t bi v nhu cu, iu kin v hon cnh ca tnc cha cho php pht trin. Tuy vy nn Th dc
th thao mi thc s l mt nn Th dc th thao
tin b, v dn v nc v l iu cha tng c trong
ch s dn tc ta t trc cch mng thng Tm.
Vi nhng vic lm nh; ra sc lnh thnh lp
ngnh Th dc th thao, vit Li ku gi ton dn tpth dc, ch thn pht ng phong tro Kho v ncv ng vin, c v phong tro Kho v nc pht
trin si ni, r rng. Ch tch H Ch Minh khaisinh nn Th dc th thao mi ca nc Vit Nam mi.
K t ngy 19-12-1946, khi c nc tin hnh cuc
khng chin chng thc dn Php xm lc th tt ccc ngnh, cc lnh vc u c chuyn hng hot
ng sang thi chin vi khu hiu Tt c cho khng
chin. Nn Th dc th thao mi ang trn phttrin, cng c chuyn hng hot ng theo phngthc gn vi cc phong tro thi ua i quc do Bc H,
ng v qun i ta ch trng pht ng, nh ccphong tro Luyn qun lp cng, Luyn vai trm
cn, luyn chn ngn dm, Hu phng thi ua vi
tin phng, Thi ua gio dc: c dc, tr dc, th
dc, Thi ua luyn tp thn th cho kho mnh v.v...
Trong thi chin, mc tiu Kho v nc vn c
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duy tr trong cc i tng nh thanh thiu nin, hcsinh, sinh vin cc vng t do, dn qu n du kch hu
phng, b i C H trn cc no ng khng chin.in hnh l ni rng Vit Bc, ni Bc H cngTrung cng ng, Chnh ph vi hng chc ngn cnb, chin s sng, lm vic, cng tc, hc tp, bo v cnc khng chin, xy dng lc lng, sn sng chinu, dy ln phong tro rn luyn thn th thngxuyn, si ni. Phong tro tp th dc sng, chy, bi.
i b. leo ni, chi bng chuyn, luyn v thut... viho kh: Kho chin thng gic Php. Bc H khngch gng mu m cn ng vin cn b. chin s tchcc rn luyn thn th. Nhng cu chuyn ghi li sauy ni ln Ch tch H Ch Mmh rt chm lo phongtro rn luvn thn th ca cn b, chin s ta cn c
a khng chin chng Php, nht l i vi cn b caocp trong Trung ng v Chnh ph:
Trong nhng ngy u ca cuc khng chin chngthc dn Php xm lc, tuy gp nhiu kh khnnhng cc cuc hp ca Hi ng Chnh ph vn ctin hnh u n, Bc H thng xuyn n hp v
ch tr hi ngh. Thng thng hp vo bui ti. c cuchp ko di ti tn 3 gi sng mi kt thc. Bi vy. ccthnh vin trong Hi ng Chnh ph thng c chng chun,^
Vo nhng ngy u thng 10-1948, Hi ng Chnh
ph hp. Dp y, Bc H thng n ng chung cng
cc i biu v cc bui sng u dy sm cng mi
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ngi tp th dc. Ngy 3-10-1948 va sn tinh m
gia vng rng ni Vit Bc tnh mch, sng sm cn
ging y, tri ng but lnh, nhng Bc H dy vnh thc cc thnh vin trong Hi ng Chnh ph ra
sn tp th dc. Thy Bc gi, mi ngi t cc ng chB trng, Th trvng, t ngi nhiu tui n cc
ng ch cn tr, u tung chn ra sn cng tp, qun
di ci kh hu rt but ca ma ng gia vng rng
ni.iu khin bui tp l ng ch L Vn Hin - B
ti^ng B Ti chnh, mt thnh vin trong Hi ng
Chnh ph. Hm y Bc H ci trn (d tri rt gi
nh), cng xp hng tp vi mi ngi. Va tp, Bccng cc thnh vin vui v ht bi;
'Khi bnh minh ln, vn mn phng ng,nh dng chiu ra tng bng,
Ta cng vui ht,
C'gng luyn rn thm sc,
Tm thn n nang do mm,
i ta cn phen chin u,Sc ta s em ra dng,
Ch hng vang ca
ai ht dc ht ln gia bui tp th dc bui sng
() Bo Gio dc v Thi i ch nht 19-5-996 (C L Vn Hin
nh i)
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hm y, ai cng cm thy hav v hng hn, lm cho
khng kh bui tp cng hng hi. si ni. Sut t u
n cui, khng ai cm thy mt mi, mc d khng tngi v c m hi.
Bui tp kt thc, mi ngi tr v phng ca mnh
gp chn mn, ri i ra mt, n sng tip tc cng
vic
Bi ht trn chnh l bi ca: "Bnh minh trn chin
khu do B trng B Ti chnh L Vn Hin sng tc,c Bc H khuyn khch cho ph bin thnh bi ca
rn luyn thn th t rong cn b, chin s Vit Bc thi
chng chin chng thc dn Php.
Nh bo ni ting Thp MI k cu chuyn rt cm
ng v Bc H n c cc i biu ra sn tp th dc
nh sau:
V sng, rt ngt, thc dy sm, tri cha sng, mi
ngi thy Bc ngoi sn gi cc i biu ra tp th
dc v cn i khua tng nh i biu. Cc i biu Nam
B vn km chu rt, cho nn ngi dy sm. Rt tinh
nghch, cc ng ch i biu Nam b bo nhau c nmtrn ging m h mt, hai... y nh ang ng ngoi
sn c tp th dc tht. Bc khm ph ra tr gian ln
nghch ngm . Th l b mnh, v s b mnh" ,
ti c chng kin v rt khoi ci phong cch c o
(1) Theo Nguyn Thnh Thi (Vin Bo tng H Ch Minh)
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ca cc ng ch Nam B. Chnh t bui y m ti kt
thn vi mt vi ng ch tr nht on. Mi my nm
sau, i chin trng vo B2 gp li mt vi ng ch quen thn t i hi ng ln th hai. Gp nhau, li
vi nhau hoi v k nim vui, trong Bc vo lt
chn ln ca cc anh chng nm trn ging tp th
dc bng mm (Nhn dn hng thng, s" 2, thng 6
nm 1997).
Cu chuyn ny ni ln phn no s quan tm rtchu o ca Bc H i vi vic tp th dc, rn luyn
thn th c sc kho ca cn b, ng vin trong
khng chin chng thc dn Php. Mt tc phong su
st d l trong mt s vic bnh thng, nhng vo
cng v lnh t th qu l v cng knh phc. Bc dy:
vic g c li cho dn, cho nc, cho ng th ta phi htsc lm, tht l thm tha bit bao!
Mt cu chuyn khc do c L Vn Hin k li, th
hin Bc H r t ch ti nhng bi tp c tc dng tch
cc rn luyn thn th, cn c ph bin v hng dn
cho cn b, chin s tp luyn, nhm tng thm khngkh vui kho;
Trong khng chin chng Php, chin khu Vit
Bc, sng no ti cng cng anh em trong B Ti chnh
tp th dc. Hng thng, v hp Hi ng Chnh ph,
ti vn gi np y. l bi tp th dc m ti tp t
li b bt vo ngc Kon Turn ln th hai (1940 - 1945).
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Hi y qu'c Php n p t nhn khc lit, t tng
ca t nhn din bin phc tp. Ban lnh o t nhn
quyt nh y mnh phong tro rn luyn thn thva rn luyn sc kho, va to khng kh lc
quan trong nh t bn cnh phong tro thi th. biu
din vn ngh. Do ti sng tc li theo bi ht
Anh hng xa l bi ht ph bin trong hng o
sinh thi y. Li ht nh sau; Khi bnh minh vn mn
phng ng... ch hng vang ca.Ni dung bi tp th dc c da theo cc ng tc
V Ty Sn, Ngc trn ngn i. Bi tp c ph
bin, anh em hng ng si ni.
Vit Bc, sng no Bc H cng dy sm tp Thi
cc quyn. Thy ti va tp va ht bi trn, Bc bo
tp li t u cho Bc xem. Xem xong. Bc bo ti d3'
(hng dn) cho anh em trong c quan cng tp... (Bo
Gio dc v Thi i Ch nht, ngy 19-5-1996).
Ngoi vic ng vin phong tro rn luvn t.hn th
pht trin si ni chin khu Vit Bc v cng tp
uyn vi mi ngi xung quanh, Bc H cn trc tiphng dn cc B trng v Th trng trong Chnh
ph khng chin tp v. Bc trc tip vch ra k hoch,
ni dung, thi gian biu tp luyn ca i cnh v. Bc
nhc nh, ch dn cho cc chin s tr cch luyn tp v
thut ph hp vi th cht ca mi con ngi.
Trong nhng nm khng chin chng thc dn Php,
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mt trong nhng sinh hot vn ho tinh thn vui ti
nh mnh chin khu Vit Bc, l phong tro tp
uvn, giao hu bng chuyn ca cn b, chin s. Tnm 1947 - 1948 n cui nm 1953 u nm 1954, ti
cn c a khng chin c nhiu i bng chuyn c
thnh lp. C quan Ph Ch tch ng Tn Tro
cng thnh lp mt i c gn chc cu th, trong
Bc H l mt cu th tham gia tp luyn rt tch cc,
thi u rt si ni. Mi ln Bc tham gia u giao huth khng kh trong sn v ngoi sn ho hng v phn
chn hn ln, tinh thn c v ca ngi xem rt si
ng.
Thnh thong Bc H ng ra lm trng ti cho cc
trn u giao hu gia cc i mnh. ng ch Vn
Chn, mt cn b ca n v bo v Bc, bo v cc ngch lnh o nh li, c ln Bc H cm ci iu khin
mt trn giao hu bng chuyn nh sau:
Trong iu kin sng v cng tc chin khu Vit
Bc. cn b chin s ni chung v n v bo v ni ring
gp mun vn kh khn, thiu thn. Nhng cn bchin s vn Vui khng chin, tch cc tng gia sn
xut, tp vn ngh v hot ng th thao. Tt nm
Canh Dn (1950), c quan t chc thi u bng chuyn
mng xun. Bc lm trng ti v ra iu kin nu
i no thng s c thng mi ngi mt iu thuc
l (thi k y thuc l rt khan him, nht l Vit
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Bc). Khi kt thc trn u, c i thng ln i thua
u xp hng ch nhn qu ca Bc. Thy vy Bc bo;
Vy l nm nay (tc nm Canh Dn) chng ta uthng (Bo An ninh Th gii s 143, ngy 16-9-1999).
Trn y l mt s" nt v phong tro rn luyn thn
th, vui kho ca cn b chin s ta Vit Bc. Tiu
biu cho phong tro l v lnh t knh vu ca dn
tc ta - Ch tch H Ch Minh v i. Ngi sng trong
rng, trn ni, lao ng, tp luyn, vui kho cng vicn b chin s v Ngi cn ng vin, hng dn h
thng xuyn rn luyn thn th.
Nh vy, trong khng chin chng Php, th dc th
thao nc ta vn gi vng tnh cht i chng v mc
ch chn chnh ca n, vn phc v c lc cc i
tng tham gia khng chin nh b i C H, dnqun du kch, t v, hc sinh, thanh thiu nin, in
hnh l phong tro rn luyn thn th, phong tro VUI
kho chin khu Vit Bc. iu d chng t rng, nn
Th dc th thao mi Vit Nam c hnh thnh v
pht trin t u nm 1946 v chuyn hng trongnhng nm ton quc khng chin chng thc dn
Php, c tnh cht lin tc, nht l phong tro rn
uyn thn th Kho khng rhin kin quc", th
lin tinh thn thng v ca dn tc ta khng bao gi
b mai mt. Mc d trong hon cnh khng chin, cuc
sng ca qun chng lao ng, ca cn b, chin s ta
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rt gian kh, n, mc, thuc men cn rt thiu thn,
nhng sc kho ni chung vn c gi vng, tinh thn
"Khng chin kin quc ngv cng cao. ng gp vovic gi gn sc kho ca cn b, chin s v nhn dn
ta trong th(ji k chng thc dn Php, r rng c vai tr
ca nn Th dc th thao mi m ct li ca n l phong
tro Kho v nc, phong tro Kho khng chin
kin quc. V chnh nh gp phn lm nn sc
mnh tng hp a cuc khng chin chng thc dnPhp ca dn tc ta n thng li v vang.
m. NN TH DC TH THAO CCH MNG - TINTHN CA NN TH DC TH t h a o x h i c h NGHA VIT NAM
Sau khi cuc khng chin chng thc dn Php canhn dn ta thng li, cch mng Vit Nam chuyn
sang trang mi. Min Bc sau ci cch rung t v c
bn hon thnh cch mng dn tc dn ch nhn
dn. chuyn sang thi k khi phc kinh t (1958 -
1960). Min Nam do M ht cng Php dng ln chnh
quyn tay sai, bin min Nam nc ta thnh thuc akiu mi, lm ch da tin cng min Bc. 't nc tatm thi b chia ct thnh hai min vi hai ch i
lp nhau. T c dim cd bn , ng ta v Ch tchH Ch Minh vch nh cch mng Vit Nam trong
giai on mi c hai nhim v chin lc khc nhau,
tin hnh ng thi mi min, nhng quan h vi
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nhau rt cht ch: Mt l, cch mng x hi ch ngha
min Bc, xy dng min Bc thnh cn c vng
mnh ca cch mng c nc. Hai l. cch mng dntc dn ch min Nam nhm gii phng min Nam
khi ch thng tr ca quc M v tay sai. thc hin
thng nht nc nh, hon thnh c lp v dn ch
trong c nc. Trong hai nhim v chin lc cch
mng , mi nhim v c v tr quan trng nht nh.
Song, cch mng x hi ch ngha min Bc gi vaitr quyt nh i vi s pht trin ca ton b cch
mng Vit Nam.
Cch mng x hi ch ngha min Bc nc ta din
ra trong tt c cc lnh vc chnh tr, kmh t - x hi,
vn ho, gio dc, khoa hc k thut, y t v th dc th
thao. Cc lnh vc ny c mi quan h, nh hng quali ln nhau, trong cuc cch mng v kinh t c tnh
cht quyt nh. Lnh vc th dc th thao dc ng
ta v Ch tch H Ch Minh xc nh l mt b phn
quan trng ca s nghip xy dng ch ngha x hi v
ch trng xy dng nn th dc th thao x hi ch
ngha trn c s k tha ton b nhng yu t tch ccca nn th dc th thao mi t sau cch mng thng
'rm thnh cng, m ch yu l phong tro Kho vnc".
Do , i hi ton quc ln th III ca ng vo
thng 9 nm 1960 ch ra phng hng pht trin
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th dc th thao trong giai on mi ca cch mng
Vit Nam l: Tip tc pht trin phong tro th dc th
thao yu nc ca qun chng, gy thnh mt cuc vnng cch mng thng xuvn, lin tc v lu di, nng
cao trnh cc mn th thao nhng ni c iu kin.
y l s nh hng bc u xy dng nn th dc
th thao x hi ch ngha min Bc nc ta, m tin
ca n l nhng yu t" tch cc nh mc ch, tnh
cht, lc lng cn b, gio vin, hun luyn vin,hng dn vin ca nn th dc th thao mi. Vo u
nm 1960 Ch tch H Ch Minh vit th gi Hi
ngh cn b th dc th thao ton min Bc, nhn mnh
n vai tr ca sc kho v vai tr ca th dc th thao
i vi sc kho con ngi, t Ngi ch trng pht
trin phong tro th dc th thao cho rng khp. Mctiu v tnh cht ca nn th dc th thao x hi ch
ngha c Bc H ch ra. Nh nc ta xut pht t
quan im ca ng v ca Ch tch H Ch Minh, vo
nm 1960 xc nh; Tch cc xy dng mt nn th dc
th thao x hi ch ngha, trit phc v nhim v
xy dng v bo v T quc, u tr anh thng nh t ncnh
Nhng nm c nc ta tin hnh cuc khng chin
() BTDTT: Xy ng v pht trin nn TDTT Vit Nam Dn
tc, Khoa hc, Nhn dn, NXB TDTT H Ni 999, tr.72
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chng M, nn th dc th thao x hi ch ngha ca
min Bc vn c duy tr v pht tr in trong iu kin
mi, tnh hnh mi. Mc tiu v tnh cht ca th dcth thao min Bc trong thi k chng M cu nc
vn nht qun, khng h thay i, thc t cn c
tng cng hn nhm p ng cc mt sn xut, cng
tc, hc tp v chin u. Ch th s180-CT/TW (1970)
ca Ban B th Trung ng ng ch r: Pht ng
mt phong tro qun chng tp luyn th dc th thaorng khp trong cc c s sn xut, cvQuan, trng hc
v cc n v v trang. Yu cu v ni dung ca phong
tro ny l ng vin qun chng t nguyn rn luyn
thn th mt cch u n, c phng php khoa hc,
bng nhiu hnh thc linh hot, ph hp vi iu kin
sn xut, chin u, sinh hot ca nhn dn ta, do m gi vng v nng cao sc kho, hc tp v sn sng
chin u. Thng qua phong tro ny cn xy dng v
m rng tng bc cc t, i, n v tin tin, nhma hot ng th dc th thao c s tin ln,
T nhng ch trng, phng hng, nhim v rt
ng n, sng to xy dng nn th dc th thao x
hi ch ngha min Bc do Ch tch H Ch Minh,
ng v Nh nc ta vch ra, kt qu l chng ta
t c nhng thnh tu c bn nh sau:
- Vphong tro th dc th thao qun chng: ng
o nhn dn t cc x c phong tro tp th dc
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sng, chy, bi, bng chuyn, bng , vt, v dn tc,
nhiu x c th dc chng mt mi gia gi' lao ng
sn xut; ton min Bc c 129 x c cng nhn nv tin tin v th dc th thao, in hnh nh x Kim
Sn v x Hng Khnh (dn tc Ty - Yn Bi), x
Ngha Ph (Cng gio - Nam nh), x Nam Bnh (Thi
Bnh), x Minh Tn v x Phc L (Hi Phng), x
Nam Chnh (Hi Dng), x Lp Ching (dn tc
Mng - Ho Bnh), x Qunh i (Ngh An), x MinhTn (Thanh Ho), x ng Bm (Bc Thi) v.v... Phong
tro th dc th thao qun chng cc x nghip, c
quan pht trin mnh. Tnh n nm 1975 c 249 x
nghip, c quan c cng nhn l n v tin tin v
th dc th thao, tiu biu l m than H Tu (Qung
Ninh), nng trng Tam Thin Mu (Bc Giang), icng trnh 609 (ngnh ng st), nh my c kh
Quang Trung v x nghip Dc phm I (H Ni), Lm
trng Qu Chu (Ngh An), nh my c kh Duyn
Hi (Hi Phng), X nghip ch to mi (Hi Hng),
x nghip sa cha t 19-8 (Thi Nguyn), x nghip
C50 (H Nam), chi nhnh Ngn hng (HGiang), cquan B Ngoi giao v.v... Phong tro th dc th thao
qun chnp^ trong cc lc lng v t ra ng nh n dn cng
c pht trin rt mnh m. Vn rn luyn th lc
v hot ng th thao c coi l mt bin php quan
trng nng cao sc mnh chin u ca qun i:
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gn lin th dc th thao vi cc khoa mc hun luyn
qun s; phong tro rn luyn th lc din ra thng
ngy, 100% qun s" tp luyn theo quy nh bt buc;vic rn luyn hnh qun xa, mang vc nng gip
cho hng chc vn chin s tr mi nhp ng sc c
ng trong hnh qun v chin u trn nhng a
hnh phc tp; cc cuc thi chy 10 cy s, 20 cy s
trong ton qun c t chc u n hng nm. Trong
lc lng cng an nhn dn, hu ht cc cn b chin su tp th dc sng, chy, bi, bn, v, nhy cao, nhy
xa, nm lu n, phong tro Kho v an ninh Tquc
lun c duy tr trong mi tnh hung.
- Gio dc th cht ca th h tr trong cc nh
trng pht trin mnh: Tnh t nm 1960 n nm
1975 c ti 3.000 trng hc bao gm tiu hc, trung hcc s, trung hc ph thng, i hc, trung hc chuyn
nghip c phong tro gio dc th cht ni kho v
ngoi kho c n np, in hnh l cc trng Trung hc
c s Tn Thut (Thi Bnh), K Tn (H Tnh), Hng
Khnh (Yn Bi), Mng La (Sn La). Trong s" cc
trng Trung hc ph thng in hnh l trng L
Hng Phong (Nam nh). Trong s" cc trng i hc
v trung hc chuyn nghip in hnh l trng i hc
Nng nghip I, i hc S phm Vinh, Trung hc Y t
- Th thao thnh tch cao bc u t c mt s
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thnh tch ng k: Lc lng vn ng vin v hun
luyn vin khng ngng c tng cng, giao lu quc
t v th thao pht trin phm vi nht nh, thnhthch thi u th thao trong nc v ngoi nc c
nng ln. giai on ny nc ta ginh c 4 huy
chng vng ti i hi Th thao GANEFO chu ,
ph k lc th gii v mn bn sng th thao.
- V o to, hi dng cn h:c s quan tm ca
ng, Nh nc v Ch tch H Ch Minh, TrngTrung cp Th dc th thao Trung ng c thnh
lp (1959) v c nng ln thnh Trng Cn b th
dc th thao Trung ng (1964).Tnh t 1960 - 1975
trng o to, bi dng c hng ngn cn b c
trnh trung cp v i hc phc v c lc cho s
nghip ph t trin th dc th thao. y cng l kt quthc hin Ch th 05 TTgA^G (1966) ca Th tng
Chnh ph: Phi ra sc bi dng v o to cn b th
dc th thao, coi l khu cng tc quan trng bc
nht m rng v nng cao phong tro th dc th
thao, gii p yu cu trc mt cng nh ludi(l).
T nhng kt qu chnh nh trn cho thy: phong
tro th dc th thao min Bc nc ta t sau nm
() UB TDTT: Xy dn g nn th dc th thao Vit Na m d n tc,
khoa hc v nhn vy NX B TDTTy H Ni, 1999, trang 95
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1954 n nm 1975 v c bn pht trin kh mnh m
trn cc lnh vc quan trng: th dc th thao qun
chng, gio dc th cht hc ng, th thao th nh tchcao, o to bi dng cn b th dc th thao. Ngoi ra
cn t c mt sthnh tu nht nh v xy dng
c s vt cht, nghin cu v ng dng khoa hc k
thut v.v... l kt qu ca s quan tm lnh o ca
Ch tch H Ch Minh, ca ng v Nh nc ta v
cng tc th dc th thao.S ng gp ca nn th dc th thao x hi ch
ngha min Bc nc ta vi cng cuc xy dng
ch ngha x hi min Bc v chng quic M xm
c min Nam l r t ng trn trng. Ch th s227-CT/TW (1975) ca Ban B th trung ng ng nh
gi nh sau: Trong nhng nm qua, vi s quan tmca cc cp, cc ngnh, vi nhit tnh tham gia ca
ng o qun chng v tinh thn cgng ca cn b,
vn ng vin th dc th thao, cng tc th dc th
thao pht trin ng hng, gp phn tch cc phc
v sn xut, chin u, i sng v xy dng con ngi
T sau ngy min Nam c hon ton gii phng,
non sng thu v mt mi, c nc tin ln ch ngha x
(1) B T DTT: Xy dng nn th dc th thao Vit Nam dn tc,
khoa hc v nhn dn, NXB TDTT H Ni, 1999, tr.32
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hi, th dc th thao min Nam di ch c c ci
to v pht huy nhng nhn t^ tch cc, hp nht vi
th dc th thao min Bc tin ln xy dng nn thdc th thao x hi ch ngha Vit Nam. Ch th s227-
CT/TW (1975) ch r; Xy dng nn th dc th thao x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam pht trin cn i, c tnh cht
dn tc, nhn dn v khoa hc.
c s quan tm su sc ca ng v Nh nc,
nn th dc th thao x hi ch ngha Vit Nam ngycng trng thnh, sinh lc pht trin ngy cng
mnh, t nm 1975 n nay, nht l nhng nm gn
y t c nhiu thnh tu ng phn khi. Tnh
n nm 2002, Th dc th thao Vit Nam c nhng
mt ni bt nh sau:
V th dc th thao qun chng: tnh n nm 2002,
c nc c khong 13-14% (trn 11 triu ngi) tp
luyn th dc th thao thng xuyn, 8% s" h gia nh
t tiu chun Gia nh th thao. Phong tro th dc
th thao trong cn b cng nh n vin chc khng ngng
pht trin, t l cn b, cng nhn vin chc tp th dcth thao thng xuyn trong c nc t t rn 50%; tinh
thn t rn luyn thn th theo gng Bc H ngy
cng cao; nhiu cuc thi u th thao ca cng nhn
vin chc hng nm din ra si ni t c s n trung
ng. Cc m hnh Gia nh th thao cn b cng
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nhn vin chc ngy cng c nhn rng. Phong tro
th dc th thao nng thn, ng bng v min ni c
s pht trin tch cc, hng chc vn ngi tp th dcthng xuyn, hnh th nh c h ng ngn Gia nh
th thao nng dn, hng trm Cu lc b th thao gia
nh nng dn c thnh lp; cc Hi thi vn ngh
th thao, Hi thi th thao cc dn tc min ni, cc gii
vt dn tc, v c truyn c s" vn ng vin tham gia
ngy cng tng. Phong tro th dc th thao trong ccc lng v trang ngy cng c pht trin c v quy
m v cht lng: cc cuc hi thao, hi din, hi thi th
thao c duy tr u n hng nm trong cc binh
chng ca qun i v lc lng cng an nhn dn. Cc
phong tro Kho bo v T quc trong qun i,
Kho v an ninh T quc trong cng an nhn dn, thuht h u ht qun s tham gia rn luyn thn th.
Trong phong tro th dc th thao qun chng
nc ta xu t hin v ngy cng ph t tr in cc hot ng
th dc th thao cho i tng ngi cao tui, ngi
chuyt tt, tr em c hon cnh kh khn. Cc hotng th thao ny mang tnh nh n o su sc, th dc
th thao gn b v khng ngng c v cc i tng
ny tp luyn bng nhiu hnh Llic ph hp, a dng
v ngy cng thu ht nhiu ngi phn khi, hng hi
rn luyn, tham gia cc cuc thi u c s v ton
quc. Phong tro ny rt ph hp vi tng ca Bc
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H t u nm 1946; Gi tr, gi trai, ai cng c th tp
uyn c th dc th thao tng cng v nng cao
sc kho.Gio dc th cht hc ng: C bc chuyn bin
tch cc v cht v quy m pht tr in gn 60% s" trng
trong c nc thc hin gio dc th cht nn np, m
bo 2 tit hc ni kho mt tun, cc hot ng ngoi
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tt nh 55% s trng tin hnh c nn np chng
tr nh gio dc th cht, nhng nh vy th cn gn mt
na s" trng cha thc hin hoc thc hin cha mbo chrrg trnh gio dc th cht c quy nh.
T u nm hc 1946 - 1947, Bc H dy bo hc
sinh phi hc gii mn th dc v ng ta t nhng
nm u khng chin chng Php c Ngh quyt
ng vin phong tro thi ua trong cc trng hc v
gio dc o c, tr dc v th dc. Ngh quyt Hingh trung ng ng ln th Tm (kho III) t nm
1961 ch r; Bt u a vic dy th dc v mt s
mn th thao cn th it vo chng tr nh hc tp ca cc
trng ph thng, chuyn nghip v i hc", nhng
n nay ch mi thc hin c 55% s trng c mn
Tic th dc, r rng l chm!
T h thao thnh tch caonhng nm gn y c nhiu
khi sc lm nc lng dn. Lc lng vn ng vin
ngy cng ng o v thnh tch ngy cng nng ln.
Th thao Vit Nam ngy cng vn ti nhng v tr
xng ng khu vc, bc u ho nhp VI xu thpht trin th thao ca chu . Thnh tch th thao
cc SEA Games ngy cng ni bt. chu v Th
gii, Th thao Vit Nam ngy cng dot thm nhiu
huy chng, l c T quc khng ngng php phi trn
u trng ngoi nc. Cc vn ng vin Vit Nam
ngy cng thc hin tt tng ca Bc H: cc chu
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hy cgng nhiu hn na xng ng l nhng vn
ng vin ca dn tc anh hng. Giao lu th thao ca
nc ta ngy cng m rng. iu kin luyn tp v sinhhot ca vn ng vin ngy cng m bo, c s h
tng th thao thnh tch cao ngy cng hin i ho
v.v... Th thao thnh tch cao ca nc ta r rng ang
tin ln pha trc khng bao xa Snh vai vi cc
cng qu'c nm chu nh tng ca Bc H ch
ra ngay sau khi cch mng thng Tm thnh cng.v o to v bi dng cn b: c s quan tm
ca ng, Nh nc v Ch tch H Ch Minh, cng tc
o to, bi dng cn b th dc th thao trong nc
v c i hc nc ngoi khng ngng c coi trng.
Cc trng o to cn b t trung cp n i hc
ngy cng c tng cng v quy m v cht lng o
to. Nm 1959 ch mi c mt trng Trung cp Th
dc th thao Trung ng, n nay c nc c 2
trng i hc, 3 trng Cao ng (trong c 2 trng
Cao ng s phm th dc th thao) v mt s trng
i hc s phm c khoa gio dc th cht. Tnh nnay cc trng o to c trn 20 ngn cn b t
trung cp tr ln, trong gio s v ph gio s c 19
ngi, tin s c 44 ngi, thc s gn 100 ngi, i hc
gn 10.000 ngi, ang cng tc cc trng, cc
ngnh, cc tnh thnh khp t nc. i ng cn b
th dc th thao ny v ang pht huy nng lc v
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nhit huyt ca :nnh phc v s nghip xy dng v
pht trin nn th dc th thao x hi ch ngha Vit
Nam.Mhng thnh qu ca th dc th thao nc ta t
nm 1976 n nay, nht l nhng nm gn y v
ang gp phn quan trng bo v v nng cao sc kho
nhn dn; tng cng ngun nhn lc cho s nghip
cng nghip ho v hin i ho t nc; lm phong
ph hn i sng vn ho tinh thn cho nhn dn; tnvinh dn tc Vit Nam anh hng; phc v tch cc cng
tc i ngoi ca ng v Nh nc.
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CH TCH H CH MINHV VAI TR CA TH d c TH t h a o
I. SC KHO V VAI TR CA s c KHO CON
NGI
T khi loi ngi hnh thnh cho n ngy nay v
mi mi v sau, sc kho c coi l vn qu v gi ca
con ngi. Thiu sc kho l thiu hnh phc, thiu scsng, thiu tinh thn sng sut v thiu c ca ci vt
cht. Bi vy, quan tm v chm sc ti sc kho con
ngi chnh l quan tm ti s pht trin mi mt,
khng ch i vi mi ngi, mi gia nh m c dn tc,
quc gia v ton nhn loi. Nhng ai coi thng sc
kho ca bn thn mnh l thiu thc thng mnh.
Nhng k xm hi n sc kho ca ngi khc l lm
hi ng loi, phm vo iu c. Giai cp thng tr no,
ch x hi no m khng quan tm ti sc kho ca
nhn dn, tt yu b ln n. Trong lch s loi ngi,
giai cp ch n, giai cp phong kin v bn t bn bc
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t ngi lao ng rt nng n, lm cho sc kho v th
cht ca h ngy cng kit qu, ngy cng nl^ b. Ch
x hi mi, x hi tin b l trn trng, quan tm susc n sc kho con ngi, sc kho ca nhn dn.
ng cng sn Vit Nam cao sc kho con ngi, sc
kho ca nhn dn v khng nh: Sc kho l vn qu
nht ca mi con ngi v ca ton x hi, l n,hn t
quan trng trong s nghip xy dng v bo v t quc
(Ngh quyt Trung ng bn kho VII).
c. Mc, Ph. ng ghen v V. I. L-nin l nhng ngi
thy v i ca giai cp cng nhn v ca cch mng v
sn trn ton th gii, cc ng tng ph phn
phng thc sn xut t bn ch ngha gy ra nhng
hu qu nghim trng cho sc kho ngi cng nhn vcon em ca h. Giai cp t sn, bn t bn cng giu c
th sc kho ca ngi cng nhn v c c bp, thn
kinh v b no cng b vt kit. c. Mc ch r: Bn t
bn thm kht n v gi tr thng d, chim
ot thi gian cn thit pht trin v gi gn sc
kho ca ngi cng nhn. Nh vy, bn t bn hyhoi sc kho ca ngi cng nhn khng ch bng cch
tng cng lao ng m cn ko di ngy lao ng t
12 - 14 gi, chng c thi gian h gii tr, rn luyn
thn th. c. Mc vit: T bn khng bao gi quan tm
n sc kho v tui th ca ngi cng nhn, nu x
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hi khng cng bch n phi quan tm Theo c.Vlc: Thi gian l trng hc pht trin con ngi,
ngha l con ngi mun c c s pht tr in v tr tuv th cht, tm hn th phi c thi gian ngoi gi lao
ng, sinh hot ngh ngi. Cng nh Mc, ng ghen
ch r s phn cng lao ng trong x hi t bn dn ti
s pht trin phin din v th cht v tinh thn ca
cc th h cng nhn, ng vit; S pht trin lao ng
theo phng thc t bn bp cht tt c cc nng lc
th cht v tinh thn ca ngi lao ng. S lm qu
qut con ngi nh vy s tng ln ty theo mc
pht trin ca vic phn cng lao ng trong x hi t
bn.
V. I. Lnin cng ph phn gay gt: S phn cng laong t bn ch ngha lm cho con ngi b b nh, b
thoi ho ^2). Lnin ch ra rng, ch c ch ngha x hi
v ch ngha cng sn mi em li sc kho cho ngi
ao ng. L nin coi sc kho ca cn b v cng nhn
X Vit l ti sn ca Nh nc v x hi mi.
Sinh thi, Ch tch H Ch Minh rt quan tm ti s
(1) C.Mc v Ph. ng ghen: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB
Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1993 tp 23 tr. 394
(2) V. I. Lnin: vg i gin sc kho ca nhn dn lao ng v thdc th thao, NXB cu vng, Matxcva, 1985, tr. 23
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pht trin v mi mt ca con ngi. Ngi quan tm
su sc n vic gii phng con ngi, thot khi xing
xch n l, gii phng x hi khi s p bc bc lt, xydng x hi mi v hnh phc v cuc sng no lnh cho
tt c mi ngi. tui thanh nin Bc H ra i tm
ng cu nc nhm thc hin s mnh v cng to ln
.
Trong tc phm ni ting: Bn n ch thc dn
Php ca Nguyn i Quc - H Ch Minh xut bn vonm 1925, Ngi ln n mnh m thc dn Php bc
lt, nh p, chm git v: u c tinh thn v th
xc nhn dn thuc a bng ru cn v thuc phin
nhm mc ch hy hoi sc kho ca ni ging cc dn
tc bn x, ni ging Vit Nam. Ngi khng nh; Ta
c th kt lun rng, mi ch thc dn quc u
tiu dit cc ni ging bn x v mun cu vn nc')i
ging, ta phi lt ch ngha quc
Cuc cch mng thng Tm nm 1945 thnh cng,
nc nh ginh c c lp dn tc, Ch tch H Ch
Minh cng vi ng ta ra nhng ch trng, nhimv rt cp thi t v ng n nhm chng gic ngoi th
trong, bo v chnh quyn cch mng, chm lo (i sng
vL chL, vn ho v sc khoe ca nhn dn khng
chin kin quc thng li. Bc H coi sc kho ca mi
() H Chi Minh: Ton tp, NXB S tht, H Ni 98, t4, t\395
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con ngi, ca ton dn l mt yu t" m bo s thng
li ca cuc khng chin chng Php, chng M v xy
dng x hi mi. Trn c s t tng H Ch Minh,ng v Nh nc ta khng nh; Di ch ta, vic
chm sc sc kho ca nhn dn, tng cng th cht
ca nhn dn c coi l nhim v quan trng ca
ng v Chnh ph Cho nn s nghip th dc th
thao lun gn lin vi s nghip xy dng v ph t trin
t nc, s nghip v dn giu nc mnh.ch cul cng ca s nghip cch mng l mang
i hnh phc v sc kho cho con ngi, hnh phc v
sc kho cho nhn dn. Nguyn Th tng Phm Vn
ng tng nhn mnh; Chng ta khng qun mt iu
quan trng l cch mng phi em li sc kho cho
nhn dn Vit Nam, cho con ngi Vit Nam (2)
Sc kho l g v vai tr ca sc kho con ngi nh
th no? Trc kia nhn dn ta thng quan nim v
sc kho rt gin d, mc mc nh Sc di vai rng,
mnh chn kho tay, Tui mi by b gy sng
tru, Trng cho chn cng mm, Khng "m
(1) Chi th s' 106-CT /T W ca Ban B th Trung ng ng v
cng tc th dc th thao, H Ni, ngy 2-10-1958
(2) Bi ni ca Th tng Phm Vn ng ti i hi ton min
Bc nhng n u v c nhn tin tin trong p hong tro TDTT
yu nc, chng M, thng 3-1966
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^hng au lm giu my chc. Nhn dn lao ng nc
ta t i ny n i khc rt chung nhng ngi c
sc kho m sing nng, chm ch lao ng, ght nhngc li bing, s lao ng:
"Thgia n chung sc chung cng,
No ai c chung ngi khng lm giV'
Hi Thng Ln ng L Hu Trc, nh danh y ln
ca Vit Nam th k XVIII vit trong ciwn sch Ni
kinh yu ch rng: Th cht v tinh thn lun lunkhang kin, m tn hng ht tui th, ngoi trm tui
mi c th cht. T tng ca Hi Thng Ln ng
th hin cch xem xt sc kho ca con ngi trong mi
quan h hu c gia th cht v tinh thn, c th kho
th tinh thn mnh m. c th cht ln tinh thn khomnh th con ngi tn hng c tui th ca mnh.
Y hc ngy nay cng khng nh sc kho ca con
ngi phi l sc kho ca c th xc v tinh thn. Chkhi no c th ca con ngi lnh mnh, tm hn ca
con ngi thoi mi th khi con ngi mi c sc
o. nh ngha sc kho ca T chc Y t th gii(World health organization - WHO) nu ln trong
Tuyn ngn Alma Ata nm 1978 nh sau; Sc kho
khng ch l khng bnh tt , m cn l trng thi thimi v tm hn, v th xc, v x hi. Chu tch H Ch
Minh a ra nh ngha sc kho vo u nm 1946,
trc nh ngha ca WHO 33 nm. nh ngha sc
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kho ca Bc H c tnh khi qut cao v rt hm sc:
Sc kho l kh huyt lu thng, tinh thn y
Cc chuyn gia y t Vit Nam hin nay u cho rng,nh ngha sc kho ca Ch tch H Ch Minh hon
ton thng nht vi nh ngha sc kho ca T chc yt th gii.
Thm nhun su sc ch ngha duy vt bin chng
v y hc dn tc, Bc H coi sc kho ca con ngi l
s thng nht gia hai yu t" th cht v tinh thn.Th cht lnh mnh th tinh thn sung mn. Tinh thn
hng hi, nng ng th hin th cht tt, lnh mnh.Nguyn th tng Phm Vn ng cng tng ni: sckho ca con ngi l sc kho ca c th, ca thnkmh, ca tinh thn. C th tt, th n kinh tt, tinh th n
tt c nh hng qua li ln nhau, thng nht binchng vi nhau.
Sc kho theo t tng H Ch Minh c vai tr to ln
trong cuc rng ca mi con ngi, ca mi dn tc,trong s nghip xy dng v bo v t quc, xy dng
x hi mi. Ngi nhn mnh: Gi gn dn ch, xy
dng nc nh, gy i sng mi, vic g cng cn c sckho mi lm thnh cng(2). Sc kho con ngi l
(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th haiy NXB chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni 1995y t4, tr,22
(2) H Ch Minh: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni 1995, t4, tr.22
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nhn t" rt c bn gp phn lm nn sc mnh tng
hp v th v lc ca qun chng nh n dn. S nghip
cch mng l s nghip ca qun chng nhn dn. Snghip sng to x hi mi cng l s nghip ca qun
chng nhn dn. Sc mnh tng hp v th v lc caqun chng nhn dn s lm nn mi s nghip v i.
Ch tch H Ch Minh mong mun nhn dn ta ai
cng u c sc kho. Con ngi c sc kho th lc
ng sn xut mnh hn, ph t trin hn, nng sut laong tng cao hn. Con ngi c sc kho th nng ng
trong mi hot ng ca i sng x hi. Con ngi c
sc kho th tr tu c iu kin pht trin hn, phong
ph hn. Bc H dy: Mun lao ng sn xut tt, cng
tc v hc tp tt th cn phi c sc kho (1). Sc kho
ca con ngi l mt ngun lc ln lm giu thm ca
ci vt cht v t inh thn cho x hi. Ngh quyt i hi
ng ln th VIII khng nh; S cng trng v th
cht l nhu cu ca bn thn con ngi, ng thi l
v"n qu to ra ti sn tr tu v vt cht cho x hi
(2). Ngay sau ngy cch mng thng Tm thnh cng,Bc H ch ra mt chn l: Dn cng th nc
thnh, gn mi lm nm sau, Ngi ni: Nu nhn
(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, NXB S Tht, H Ni 1989, t8, tr.688
(2) ng Cng sn Vit Na m: Vn kin i hi i biu ton quc
ln th VIII, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1996, tr.30
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dn ta ai cng kho th nc ta s mau mnh giu (Bo
Th dc th thao, s" 367, ngy 25-9-1969).
S nghip bo v t quc cng rt cn c yu t" sckho ca con ngi, ca nhn dn. Bc H coi sc kho
ca mi cn b, chin s v mi ngi dn c s nh
hng to ln n tinh thn v lc lng ca ton dn
tc. Ngi ni; Sc kho ca cn b v nhn dn c
bo m th tinh thn cng hng hi. Tinh thn v sc
kho y th khng chin cng nhiu thng li, kin
quc cng mau th nh cng Trong cuc kh ng chin
chng thc dn Php, nhn dn ta hu phng v cc
vng t do, nht l nhng ngi lao ng, cn c sc
kho sn xut ra nhiu lng thc, thc phm, cng
c, vi vc, qun o v.v... nhm m bo i sng vcung cp cho tin tuyn. Cn b, chin s cn c sc
kho v th ch% sc mnh v tinh thn tng cng
nng lc v dng kh trong cng tc, chin u. Trong
cuc khng chin chng M cu nc, Ch tch H Ch
Minh rt quan tm ti nhn t" sc kho ca ton dn,
to tin lm nn sc mnh tng hp v vt cht vtinh thn ca c dn tc, m bo chin thng quc
M.
Nm 1966 quc M ngy cng leo thang m rng
( 1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, N XB Chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni 1995, t.7, tr.88
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chin tranh xm lc c hai min Nam Bc nc ta.
Ti i hi ton min Bc nhng n v v c nhn tin
tin trong phong tro th dc th thao yu Pxc chngM (thng 3-1966), Th tng Phm Vn ng
chuyn Li ca Bc H thm hi cc i biu v Ngi
cn dn: Phi lm cho phong tro th dc th thao
nc ta tt hn na, lm cho dn tc ta c sc kho tt,
c tinh thn tt chin thng quc M
T tng H Ch Minh v sc kho v vai tr sckho ca con ngi trong cng cuc xy dng v bo v
t quc, trong s nghip xy dng x hi mi v dn
giu nc mnh, gi mt v tr ht sc quan trng trong
ton b t tng ca Bc v con ngi, v gii phng
con ngi. T tng H Ch Minh v vn sc kho
con ngi c gi tr nhn vn rt su m. Ngy nay
nc ta cng nh trn th gii, sc kho ca con ngi
rt c quan tm. Sc kho cho mi ngi" l ting
gi thing ling ca nhn loi ng i.
.VAI TR CA TH DC TH t h a o i v i s c
KHO NHN DN
Ch tch H Ch Minh dy rng: Vic g c li cho
dn, La phi ht sc lni, vic g c hi cho dn, ta phi
(1) L Nguyn: K chuyn Bc H rn luyn sc kho, NXB Th
dc t h thao, H Ni 1985, tr.62
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ht sc trnh (1). Lm th dc th thao l nhm em
li li ch cho nhn dn, cho dn tc, do c Bc H
r t quan tm v ch hng pht trin. Ngi ch trngpht trin phong tro th dc th thao cho rng khp,
bi v th dc th thao c tc dng gn gi v tng cng
sc kho cho ton dn.
Trc kia Tu Tnh khuyn mi ngi mun bo
dng v tng cng sc kho th phi;
B tinh dng kh tn thn Thanh tm qu dc th chn luyn hnh
iu ny c ngha l phi gi gn tinh, kh, thn , tm
v vn ng thn th th con ngi mi kho mnh. Hi
Thng Ln ng cng ni ti s cn thit phi vn
ng thn th c sc kho:
''Luyn thn, luyn kh ng ngi thong dong
Lm cho kh huyt lu thng,
Chn tay cng cp, trong lng thnh thi"
Nhiu danh nhn trn th gii cng ni v tm
quan trng ca vn ng thn th vi sc kho con
ngi. Trit gia Hy Lp c i Ari-xtt trc cngnguyn tng ch ra s tc hi i vi sc kho con ngi
nu khng vn ng c th: Khng c g lm kit qu
v hy hoi sc kho nu ko di s bt ng c th.
(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB Chnh tr
quc gia, H Ni 1995, t4, tr.47
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Cn Hoa - mt danh y ni ting ca Trung Qu'c
th k th II, ni rng: Vn ng gip kh huyt lu
thng v ngn nga bnh tt.Ngi xa ni rt ch l v vic con ngi nng
vn ng, rn luyn c th c sc kho. Nu c th
con ngi khng vn ng, khng rn luyn th kh
nng thch nghi r t yu, s sng khng th ko di. Vn
ng, rn luyn l ngy cng hon thin th cht,
nng cao th lc, c th hnh - dng v p , cucsng ti tr, kho mnh v trng th. Cc thy thuc
v cc nh sinh l hc ngy nay ni rng, cn phi vn
ng, luyn tp th dc th thao thng xuyn nhm
to iu kin tt nht dn mu n ti" v nui
dng xng y , cc t bo xng pht trin
nhanh, xng dy ln, ch li ca xng to ln, to chbm chc cho gn v dy chng, xng s tr mi,
chng c hin tng thoi ho xng, c bit chng
c nhng chng bnh ca ct sng. S i dng
kh, i n v ng l nhng ci i rt tai hi cho sc
kho con ngi, nhng trm trng hn l i vn
ng. Thiu rn luyn thn th th theo thi gian n s
gm nhm dn ton b c th cng tm hn ca con
ngi. Cc nh sinh l hc f'ho rng, nu con ngi t
vn ng, sao nhng luyn tp th dc th thao th
nguy c tui 30 c nhng tn thng khp, tn
thng ny tng dn theo tui tc. S suy thoi s cn
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tng nhanh vi ngi khng vn ng. Khi xng
kh cng th thn hnh s mt i s mm mi, uyn
chuyn, vn ng cng kh khn, ng ln ngi xu'ngchng mi mt v au nhc, lng b cng li rt d b
sai lch khp v a m. Tnh trng nh vy th s gi
nua ca c th con ngi, d tui cha nhiu cng
n. Lao ng chn tay thng xuyn, i ng l s vn
ng rt cn thit. Nhng nu rn luyn thn th ng
phng php s c tc dng tt hn nhiu i vi sckho ca c th, ca thn kinh v tinh thn.
T nhng nm u thp nin 60 ca th k XX, Bc
H ni ti vic tp luyn th dc th thao thng
xuyn, kt hp vi v sinh phng bnh nhm gn gi v
bi b sc kho, y li bnh tt. Ngi ni: Phng
bnh cng cn thit nh tr bnh Phng bnh ttnh't, gin tin nht l kt hp v sinh vi rn luyn
thn th, chng nhim mi trng. Phng bnh theo
bin php th khng phi ch mt ngi, mt s" t
ngi m phi t mi ngi, mi gia nh, mi cng
ng v ton x hi. Rn luyn thn th c tc dng
phng bnh v cha bnh r t tch cc. Nh ta bit,
xng v khp l mt t chc sng, phi c mu lun
un nui dng cng vi s vn ng mi pht trin,
( H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB Chnh tri
quc gia, H Ni 995, t7, tr.88
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khng cc mui b tch li, hn ch vi ho v x
cng. Rn luyn thn th ly li s cn bng m
dng ca c th con ngi, bnh tt s thuyn gim.Rn luyn thn th kt hp vi gi v sinh cng c tc
dng to ln trong vic phng bnh v nng cao sc kho
con ngi. Chnh v vy, Ch tch H Ch Minh yu cu:
Phi tuyn truyn mt cch thit thc v rng khp
trong nhn dn mt phong tro th dc - v sinh (1).
Ngi cho rng, nu dn i, dn dt, dn m l ngv Chnh ph c li. Theo cc chuyn gia phng Ty
v Lin bang Nga ngy nay th vic gn gi v tng
cng sc kho phu thuc vo yu t" dinh dng l
20%, mi trng sinh thi 20%, y t vi rn luyn thn
th v ll sng lnh mnh 60%. iu cng ni ln
rng, bo v v tng cng sc kho con ngi, cnphi c cao trch nhim ca c nhn cng vi s
quan tm chung ca x hi, ca Nh nc m Ch tch
H Ch Minh tng lu n. Bc H pht ng cc
phong tro Kho v nc, V sinh yu nc, Tt
trng cy. Sinh thi khi Bc H n thm tnh Nam
nh, Ngi biu dng x Ngha Ph v khuyn bo
cc ni khc hc tp, lm theo. Ngi ni; Cng tc v
sinh phng bnh c ni lm tt nh x Ngha Ph,
(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn ln th hai. NXB Chinh tr
quc gia, H Ni 1995, t9, tr.l02
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xy dng c 554 ging nc, lm trn 400 h" x
hp v sinh, hu ht nhn dn trong x tham gia tp
th dc th thao. Cc x trong tnh cn lm nh vy(Bo Nhn dn, ngy 25-7-1963).
iu Bc ni l bin php rt c bn ca y hc d
phng: rn luyn thn th, tp luyn th dc th thao
tt hp vi v sinh c nhn, v sinh cng ng, v sinh
mi trng s lm cho con ngi khng b nhim bnh,
trnh c dch bnh truyn lan v nng cao nng lcthch ng ca c th. Khi c th con ngi kho mnh
th s vt qua v y li c bnh tt, chng tr c
vi trng xm nhp vo c thr Chng ta thng thy
nhng ngi kho mnh th t m au, nu c yu mt
th chng qua khi. Cn nhng ngi sc kho km th
thng hay m au, bnh tt lu khi hoc ngy cngtrm trng, ngy cng nguy him. Khi cd th lnh
mnh, tinh thn sung mn th con ngi s thch ng
c vi nhng iu kin thi tit thay i t ngt. C
th tt, thn kinh tt, tinh thn tt th trnh c
strees. Nu nh c th mt mi, au "m th khng ch
ung thuc, ngh ngi m cn phi vn ng c th vi
mc nht nh. Bc H nhiu ln b yu mt, nhng
Ngi vn c' gng dy vn ng thn th, tp mt s
ng tc th dc nh nhng, hoc i b, c ln Bc cn
tp leo ni...
Th dc th thao khng nhng c tc dng tng
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cng sc khng v nng lc thch ng ca c th m
cn c vai tr to ln i vi vic nng cao sc kho ton
din cho con ngi. Sc kho ton din l s pht triny cc t cht th lc nh; sc nhanh, sc mnh,
sc bn b do dai v s kho lo. Sc kho ton din
hoc ni theo danh t chuyn mn l th lc chung ch
c th t c nh luyn tp th dc th thao thng
xuyn. Khi con ngi c c sc kho ton din s
nng cao c nng lc th cht. Trong i sng thngnht, trong lao ng, cng tc v hc tp, nng lc th
cht c vai tr ht sc quan trng gip con ngi vt
qua mi kh khn, hon thnh c nguyn t"t p
ca mnh. Bc H tng vn dng nhiu hnh thc v
phng php tp luyn thch hp tng cng nng
lc th cht ca Ngi. Ngoi nhng hnh thc, phngphp v bi tp thch hp, mun c nng lc th cht,
Bc H khng nh rng, cn phi c lng kin nhn, s
quyt tm cao trong rn luyn thn th.
Vai tr tng cng sc kho ton din cho con ngi
ca th dc th thao mang tnh nhn vn su sc. Bc
H ku gi ton dn ta ai cng c th tp luyn th dc
th thao, ai cng cn rn luyn thn th. Ngi no
yu, cn tp luyn cho c th lnh mnh; ngi kho
cn tip tc tp luyn cho kho hn; ngi cao tui cn
tp luyn gn gi sc kho v tng tui th; ngi t
tui cng cn tp luyn pht trin th cht lnh
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mnh, nng cao th trng, tng cng th lc; ngi
bnh tt cng nn tp lm thuyn gim hoc khi
hn bnh tt.Bc H rt quan tm n vic pht trin th dc th
thao, Ngi coi l bin php phng bnh tch cc
nht, thit thc v rt d ph cp trong ton dn ta.
Di v xin trch dn bi vit; Bc H vi gian trin
lm th dc th thao ca Hu Tm ni ln s quan
tm ca Bc i vi phong tro qun chng rn luynthn th:
Vo thng 7-1964 ti khu trin lm Vn H t chc
cuc trin lm ln Mi nm pht huy truyn thng
in Bin Ph. Cuc trin lm gii thiu thnh tch
ca cc ngnh kinh t, vn ho, x hi trong mi nm
sn xut v xy dng. Trin lm c dnh mt gian rng
ln gii thiu v y t, th dc th thao. Bc H n
xem trin lm ny. Khi n gian trng by v y t, th
dc th thao, Bc bng dng li ni vui vi ng ch ph
trch gian ny; L ra phi th dc th thao trc
mi hp l. V nu th dc th thao m tt th t bnhtt, t n y t; th dc th thao tt tc l phng bnh,
phng bnh hn cha bnh l phng chm ca ngnh
y t y!. Bc dng li xem kh k phn th dc Ih
thao.
Thy bc nh Bc tp th dc hi Vit Bc c
phng to n 0,90m X l,20m t trang trng phn m
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u gian trng by th dc th thao, Bc gp nh
nhng: Sao khng tm c mt tm nh v phong tro
qun chng rn luyn th dc th thao phng to, t u phn c hn khng. nh Bc th phng va va
thi v treo u cng c, c g phi u
Bc H rt quan tm ti phong tro qun chng tp
luyn th dc th thao. Bc ni: Mi mt ngi dn yu
t, tc l lm cho c nc yu t mt phn; mi mt
ngi dn mnh kho, tc l gp phn cho c ncmnh kho, iu c ngha r t su sc khng ch v
sc kho ca nhn dn m c v vt cht v tinh thn
ca dn tc. Nh c" Tng B th L Dun tng ni;Kho v nc tc l c sc mnh mi sc c vi
qun th, mi xy dng c nc nh (2).
m. VAI TR CA TH DC TH t h a o i v i sPHT TRIn th c h t t h h t r
1. Nh ng tinh hoa v g io dc th cht tui trca nhn lo i v Vit Nam trong tch s
T bui u ca x hi nguyn thy, do nhu cu lao
ng sinh tn, nht l lao ng sn bt, xut hin
hnh thc s khai v gio dc th cht cho tr em v
(1) Bc H vi Th dc th thao, NXB Th dc t h thao, H Ni
1995, tr.117
(2) Li pht biu ca Tng Bi th L Dun ti Hi ngh bn
cng tc t h dc - v snh (1960)
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thanh nin. Vic gio dc th cht cho tr trong x hi
nguyn thy l mt nhu cu tt yu ca lao ng cng
ng gn lin vi sinh hot vn ho s khai ca th tc,b lc. Lao ng cng pht trin, tr em cng c hc
hi, c rn luyn nhng kinh nghim thao tc, vn
ng thn th k tc cng vic lao ng ca cha anh.
Trong x hi cng sn nguyn thy, nh trng cha ra
i, do gio dc th cht cho th h tr l nhim v
chung ca cng x m trc tip l nhng ngi c kinhnghim lao ng. Cng vi s hng dn, gip ca
nhng ngi c kinh nghim, tr em cng t n luyn
v hc hi, bt chc hoc t chc vui chi, tp dt
nhm t gio dc, t rn luyn nm vng nhng k
nng lao ng sn bt. Nh vy, gio dc th cht l
mt trong nhng hnh thi thc x hi c sm nhtca x hi loi ngi. Hnh thi thc x hi ny c
n h hng to ln n s tn ti v ph t trin ca x hi
cng sn nguyn thy. Chnh gio dc th ch t trong x
hi cng sn nguyn thy l mt trong nhng nhn t"
pht trin th lc, tng cng sc kho cho tr em
nhm nng cao nng lc lao ng ca cng ng.
Vo khong nghn nm th IV n nghn nm th III
trc cng nguyn, x hi cng sn nguyn thy c
thay th bi x hi chim hu n l. Khi , h thng
gio dc ni chung v gio dc th cht ni ring u
phc v li ch thng tr ca giai cp ch n v bn qu
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tc. Tuy vy phng thc gio dc th cht cho tr em
trong x hi chim hu n l cng c nhng yu t' tch
cc, c nhn loi trn trng k tha. Trong x hi HiLp c i, nh nc Aten v nh nc Spact cho t
chc cc tri tp trung v cc trng hc nui dng,
gio dc thiu nhi v thanh nin, cc em phi theo
mt chng trnh th dc qun s bt buc v khc
kh. Ph. ng ghen tng ch ra phng php gio dc
qun s cho tr em Aten v Spact nh sau: Tronggio dc th cht chung, ngi Aten pht trin s linh
hot cng vi th lc, cn ngi Spact th ch ch
yu vo mt pht trin sc lc, sc chu ng v lng
dng cni Mc ch gio dc th cht cho tr emtrong x hi chim hu n l l nhm tng cng sc
mnh cho cc i qun chin trn xm lc hoc bov nn thng tr ca giai cp ch n v bn qu tc giu
c. Mc ch tiu cc ny b Ang ghen ph phn gay
gt. Nhng mt tch cc ca n l h thng gio dc th
h tr bao gm cc mt tr dc, th dc, qun s v m
dc, trong th dc v qun s c quan h hu c
nht. Gio dc th cht trong cc trng hc v tri tptrung ca giai cp ch n tng i c bi bn. c
(1) Mt s t liu T h dc th thao ca c. Mc, PI. Ang ghen, V.L Lnin, I. V. Stalin, NXB Th dc th thao, H Ni 1978,
t r . 8
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chng trnh hn hoi v th o to ra c nhng
ngi lnh chin trn c th lc v k nng qun s
nht nh.Thi trung c, t th k IV n th k XIV, nht l
trong giai on cc thnh ca x hi phong kin Ty
u. giai cp phong kin ch nhiu n vic rn luyn
th lc cho thanh nin qun i, tng cng h thng
hun luyn th dc qun s. Thanh nin qun i c
tp cc mn nh u gm, bn cung, bi li, chy,nhy, y t, nm a, u vt v.v... Nhng i vi h
thng gio dc, trong c gio dc th cht, khng ch
trong qun i m c ngoi x hi do b nh hng ca
nhng quan nim phong kin v Ki-t-gio chi phi, coi
nh, o p nn c phn tht li so vi nn gio dc ca
Hi Lp c i, mc d hnh thi kinh t - x hi phongdn ph t trin cao hn so vi hnh thi kinh t - x hi
chim hu n l.
Ch ngha nhn vn thi phc hng th k XV - XVI,
vi nhng t tng tin b, chng s n dch con ngi
ca quan nim Ki-t-gio, th hin tinh thn cch
mng ca giai cp t sn chng giai cp phong kin vi
quyt tm xo b ch phong kin, thit lp ch ngha
t bn. Cc nh nhn vn ch ngha khi dy nhng
tinh hoa ca nn vn minh c i, ca ngi sc mnh v
v p ca con ngi. T tng nhn vn thi phc
hng lm o ln th gii quan v nhn sinh quan
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phong kin v Ki-t-gio v cc gi tr chn chnh ca
con ngi c cao. Hnh tng con ngi cng
trng v th cht, mnh m v tinh thn ngng cao ui t do v cng l, khng khut phc trc mi kh
khn, tr lc, tr thnh phng chm t tng cho
nn gio dc ca thi k phc hng. Nn gio dc thi
k ny khi dy v k tha nhng tinh hoa ca nn
gio dc Hy Lp c i, nht l h thng gio dc tng
hp ca Aten nhm pht trin ba mt: tr dc, th dc,m dc cho thiu nhi v thanh nin. Cc nh t tng
thi phc hng ch trng nh trng cn thi t o to
ra cc lp tr va c tri thc, va c sc kho v ngoi
hnh p.
c sc kho v ngoi hnh p, h cho rng thiu
nhi v thanh nin cn rn luyn cc mn nh th dcdng c, leo dy, nhy so.
Thi k cn i (th k XVI - th k XVIII), cc
nc Ty u l thi k giai cp t sn ginh c
thng li v chnh tr nh cc cuc cch mng t sn H
Lan cui th k XVI, cch mng t sn Anh th k XVIIv cch mng t sn Php th k XVIII. Phng thcsn xut t bn ch ngha mt mt to ra vn hi cho
khoa hc pht trin, nng sut lao ng tng cao.
Song mt khc do chy theo li nhun, tng cng
bc lt ca cc nh t bn gy ra s bn cng ho
giai cp cng nhn v cuc sng kh khn ca qun
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chng lao ng, lm cho h b suv gim dn v sc kho
v th cht, nht l l vi con em ca giai cp cng
nhn.Trc thc trng ny, nhng ngi i biu tin tin
nht trong s" cc tr thc t sn ra d n ci cch
l thng gio dc c dc v th dc cho tr em.
pht trin th cht thanh thiu nhi, h xy dng cc
phng php gio dc th cht trong cc trng trung
hc v tiu hc. Cc nh t tng tin b thi k nycng c nhng quan nim ng n v gio dc th
cht, h cho rng, tr em thuc cc giai tng d giu
lay ngho u phi c gio dc v o c, tri thc
v th lc. Trong s" cc nh t tng tin b ca thi
k ny c nh trit hc kim nh vn Php ni ting G.
Rt X, ng rt quan tm ti nn gio dc gn vi giodc th cht cho th h tr. Rt X ch trng thanh
nin v thiu nhi cn c tp luyn cc mn th dc,
chy, nhy, nm, bi li, ci nga> sn bn v cc tr
chi b ch khc. Rt X nghim khc ch trch nhng
ai cho rng, gio dc th cht gy tc hi n tr tu tr
em v mi ngi ni chung. Mt i biu khc l G. Lc
- C, nh gio dc ngi Anh cng c nh hng ln
n vic pht trin h thng gio dc tr dc, c dc,
th dc. ng trnh by quan im gio dc ca mnh
trong cun: T tng gio dc tr em, c. Mc d nh
gi; Lc C l i biu ca giai cp t sn non tr v
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tt c cc lnh vc gio dc, v lnh vc gio dc thcht. Lc C ch trng phi tng cng gio dc th
cht cho tr em, lm cho chng c thn th kho mnhv ch kin cng.
Tm li, phng thc gio dc th cht ca Hi Lp c
i v nhng t tng tin b v gio dc th cht thi
c Phc hng v Cn i l nhng di sn c nhn
oi k tha. Nhng di sn tng c Mc, ng
ghen, Lnin v H Ch Minh tip thu c ph phn.
Nhng nm CUI ca na u th k XIX, Ch ngha
Vlc ra i, t tr i n khng ngng c b sung
v pht trin. Hc thuyt Mc c Lnin pht trin
phong ph v su sc vo u th k XX. l v kh
t tng ca giai cp v sn nhm u tranh xo b ch
ngha t bn, xv dng ch ngha x hi v ch ngha
cng sn, gii phng giai cp, gii phng nhn loi khi
mi s p bc bc lt. Ring hc thuyt Mc - Lnin v
gio dc con ngi pht trin ton din l mt b phn
quan trng cu thn h ch ngha Mc - Lnin. Mc, Ang
ghen v Lnin c bit quan tm ti s pht trien thl tr v cc mt; c, tr, th, m trong x hi mi sau
khi lt ch ngha t bn.
T s ph phn phng thc sn xut t bn ch
ngha vi s phn cng lao ng trong x hi t bn ddn n tnh trng tha ho ngi lao ng v mi mt,
trong c sc kho ca h, nht l lm cho c th tr
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em ca giai cp cng nh n pht tr in qu qut, mt cn
i, cc nh sng lp ch ngha Mc - Lnin ch ra
rng; Gio dc th cht nht thit phi l mt mt hng th tch ri vi gio dc c dc, tr dc, m dctrong nn gio dc ca x hi tng lai. Thc hin gio
dc th cht vi cc mt gio dc khc nhm pht trincon ngi ton din. Mc tin on: Nn gio dc trong
x hi tng lai, khi m tt c cc tr em qua tui
no , lao ng sn xut s c kt hp vi tr dc vth dc, khng ch vi t cch l mt phng php tngsc sn xut x hi, m cn vi t cch l phng phpduy nht o to nhng con ngi pht trin ton
din(i). Mc cn nhn mnh: tng lai ca loi ngi
hon ton tu thuc vo vic gio dc th h tr k tc
s nghip ca cha anh.Nhng t tng trn ca Mc c ng ghen nhn
mnh trong khi ng ph phn uy-rinh Chng thmm xa n mn gio dc th cht trng hc. Trongtc phm Tnh cnh giai cp cng nhn Anh, Angghen ph ph n cc ch xng t bn khng cho tr
em n trng hc, khng cho ra ngoi tri th htkhng kh trong lnh, ch v li nhun cho bn t bn.ng ghen i hi cc ch xng phi dnh thi gian cho
vic gio dc th cht v tin h thn vi th h thanh
( 1) c. Mc v Ph. ng ghen: Tuyn tp, NXB S tht, H Ni1970, t.l, tr.313
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thiu nin cng nhu. ng ghen ch ra s cn thitgio dc th cht cho con em cng nhn nhm khi
phc gn ct, c bp x cng v lao ng ca h chonh t bn tr li linh hot v thm mm mi
Cc nh sng lp ch ngha Mc khng nh nhngt tng tin b ca cc nh t tng thi phc hng vcn i v gio dc th cht th h tr. Tuy vy, Mc vng ghen vt xa h, do cc ng ch ra cngun gcca s tha ho v th cht ca tui tr trongx hi t bn, l s thm kht v gi tr thngd ca nh t bn v s phn cng lao ng trong xhi t bn ch ngha do ch s hu t nhn t bnch ngha sinh ra. Cc th h con em ca nhng ngiao ng chu thit thi nng n v s pht trin th
ch t v tr tu, bi v giai cp t sn bc lt sc lao ng
bng cch tng cng ln tng thi gian ngy laong t 10 gi ln 13-14 gi, khng ch i VI ngiln m c tr em di 17 tui, bi vy tui tr khng thc iu kin hc tp v rn luyn th cht. Cc nhsng lp ch ngha Mc cng ph phn nhng nh trithc tiu t sn na vi d dt i vi giai cp t sn
hoc tip tay cho ch ngha t bn khng cp nvic con em giai cp cng nhn cn phi c gio dcv th cht khi phc v pht trin sc kho. Tt c
f j) c. Mc v Ph. Ang ghen: Ton tp, xut bn ln th hai, NXB
Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni 1995, t'20, tr.456
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nhng iu chng t Mc v ng ghen khng ch rtcoi trng tr dc m cn quan tm su sc n th dc cho th cht t h h tr pht trin hi ho vi s phttrin v tr tu.
V. I. Lnin, nh t tng v i ni: Thanh nin phic sc kho thc hin s ghip xv dng ch nghacng sn. Ngi cn ni vi nhng i biu d i hiln th nht ca on Thanh nin Cng sn Lnin vothng 10-1918 rng: Thanh nin chng ta khng chcn phi c trnh hiu bit v chnh tr v c kinthc vn ho, m cn cn phi phn khi, yu i, lunun c sng kin. Thanh nin trai gi ca t nc X
Vit phi sng cho p, cho si ni trong i sVig x hicng nh trong i t. u tranh, cng tc, hc tp, ththao, vui chi, ca ht, c m, l nhng lnh vc
trong thanh nin phi t biu hin cho ht tm cca mnh (1)
Qun trit t tng ca Lnin, trong Ngh quyt ihi ng cng sn Nga (Bnsvich) ln th XIII, thng5-1924, nhn mnh: Do xu hng thoi ho v th chttrong thanh nin, nh t l trong gii thanh nin hc sinh,on Thanh nin Cng sn Lnin ca nc Nga cng
vi cc t chc cng on, phi tng cng cng tc
() v (2): Mt s t liu v Th dc th thao ca c. Mc, Ph. ngghen, V. I. Lnin, Stalin, NXB Th dc th thao, H Ni, 1978,
tr.32 v 47
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trong lnh vc th dc th thao' V Ngh quyt v ccnhim v ca ng Cng sn Nga (Bnsvch) thng 7-
1925 ch r: Th dc th thao cn c xem xt trnquan im gio dc th cht, bi dng sc kho vi t
cch l mt trong nhng mt ca vic tng cng vnho, kinh t, hun luyn qun s cho thanh nin
Tm li, ch ngha Mc - Lnin, trong c hcthuyt v gio dc con ngi pht trin ton din, v
ang c nh hng to ln i vi tin tr nh cch mng vsn gii phng giai cp, gii phng x hi, gii phngcon ngi. T tng ca cc nh sng lp ch ngha Mc
- Lnin v gio dc th cht lun lun c gi tr nh
hng v mt ny trong thi i ngy nay. Ch tch H
Ch Minh nghin cu, tip thu v vn dng sng to
ch ngha Mc - Lnin vo cch mng Vit Nam, thctin ca t nc, con ngi Vit Nam, trong c hc
thuyt v gio dc th h tr pht trin ton din.
nck ta, trong x hi phong kin v thi k thucPhp, dn gian cng c nhng quan nim qu bu vgio dic th cht thanh thiu nhi. i vi tr th, nhn
dn ta nhiu ni quan nim 'Tp ng cho vng bci mi thnh. i vi thanh thiu nhi c gi trai, nhn
dn lao ng khuyn bo h luyn rn i chn bng
(1) V. I. Lnin v gi gn sc kho nhn dn lao ng v t h dc
th' thao, NXB cu vng, Mtxcva, tr.150
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cch sing i chn cng mm v khuyn khch trem tp bi Nh c phc sinh con bit li, nh c ti
sinh con bit tro". c bit nhn dn ta hng ngnnm nay thng xuyn cn dn tui tr Vn n v
luyn, Kh hc kh luyn mi thnh t.
C Phan Bi Chu, nh yu nc ln, vo u th k
XX, khi ph phn thc dn Php khng quan tm ti
mn gio dc th cht trong nh trng tiu hc ca
con em Vit Nam, bc l quan im ng n v giodc. C vit: Trong trng tiu hc khng c mn g
quan trng hn mn th dc. Th m trong trng (ca
con em ngi Vit Nam) chng c mn . Th dc tay
hng, th dc vi v kh, th dc gii tr. cho n cc
th vn ng khc u khng c a vo chng
trnh ging dy (cho con em ngi Vit Nam)Trng ng Kinh Ngha Thc v nhng trng
theo m hnh ny thc hin h thng gio dc cch
tn. quan tm ti c dc, tr dc v th dc i vi hc
sinh nhm o to mt lp ngi c hc, c sc kho
phng s nc nh.
Nhng quan nim, t tng v gio dc th dc thcht cho tui tr ca nhn dn ta v cc binh s yu
nc nh trn c nh hng nhA^t nh i vi thrinh
(1) Phan Bi Chu; Thin H, H, NXB Khoa hc x hi, H
Ni 1978, tr.62
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thiu nhi Vit Nam trong vic rn luyn sc kho, gn
gi sc kho sng v trng thnh. Tui tr Vit
Nam t i ny sang i khc, trong x hi phong kinhay thi k nc ta thuc Php, rt hiu ng, thch VU I
chi, tp tnh cc mn vt, v, bi, cu chinh, ko co,
nh u, th diu, chy nhy v nhiu tr chi dn gian
khc. Truyn thng nh hng ti tnh hiu ng
thi nin thiu ca Bc H, cng vi bn b tham gia
cc tr chi vn ng c tc dng rn luyn th cht vtinh thn.
2 . Ch tch H Ch Minh vi s pht trin th
cht th h tr
Thng 1-1946, Bc H vit: Mt nm khi u t
ma xun. Mt i khi u t tui tr. Tui tr l ma
xun ca x hi (1). v gio dc th cht cho tui trhim thy nh t tng ln no trn th gii t trc
ti nay tng hng dn v ch bo thiu nhi. thanh
nin, hc sinh, sinh vin rt su sc nh Bc H ca
chng ta.
Anh thanh nin Nguyn Tt Thnh (Bc H lc tuithanh nin) sau khi ri trng Quc hc Hu t bi
dng v rn luyn cho mnh v tm hn cao p v th
ch"t lnh mnh chun b cho cuc hnh trnh Lm
V H Ch Minh ton tp, xut bn n th hai , NXB Chnh tr
Quc gia, H Ni 1995, t4, tr.67
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ng cu nc cu dn. Khi lm thy gio ti trng
Dc Thanh (Phan Thit) vo CUI nm 1910 n u
nm 1911, Nguyn Tt Thnh sm c nhn quanmi v gio dc pht trin hi ho cc mt o c,
tri thc v th cht cho hc sinh. Ngoi vic dy hcsinh lp nh (tng ng lp 4 tiu hc ngy nay) mn
Hn vn v Quc ng nhng gi chnh kho, vo nhng
ngy ngh, thy Nguyn Tt Thnh thng a hc
sinh i tham quan ngm cnh thin nhin v nhng ditch lch s trong vng. Nhn thy Nguyn Tt
Thnh k cc cu chuyn v c cc bi ca yu nc
trong phong tro ng du hay trong cuc vn ng Duy
tn cho hc sinh nghe. Qua thy Thnh gio dc
cho hc sinh lng yu nc thng dn, tnh cm o
c con ngi. Thy Nguyn Tt Thn h thng khuynchch, nhc nh hc sinh chm ch c sch m mang
in thc v bi dng nhng phm cht tt p. L
gio vin tr nht trng, thy Nguyn Tt Thnh cn
c phn cng m trch dy th dc cho hc sinh
ton trng. Thy Thnh rt hiu ngha cu khu
hiu ca Trng Quc hc Hu; Mt tm hn trongsng trong mt th n th trng k in. Do thy Thnh
rt quan tm n vic rn luyn thn th cho hoc sinh.
Mi bui sng, thy Nguyn Tt Thnh ln lp hng
dn hc sinh tp bi th dc ri ko x n, chy, nhy
cao. nhy xa. Sn trng rng, c c sn bng r nn
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hc sinh tp luyn, vui chi si ni. Vo sng th 5
hng tun, thy Thnh cn a hc sinh ra bi bin
Thng Chnh tp luyn, chy nhy vui chi di nhnng ban mai vi kh tri trong mt. Lc by gi nc
ta, vic dy th dc th thao trong nh trng cho hc
sinh ngi Vit Nam thc s l mt vic lm c tnh
cht cch mng.
Thy Nguyn Tt Thnh dy hc ti trng Dc
Thanh khng lu, nhng vi phng php dv hc linhhot, sng to, c tnh cch mng gip cho hc sinh
ca mnh pht trin ton din v' tri thc, o c, th
cht v tinh thn lnh mnh.
Sau 30 nm Nguyn i Quc - H Ch Minh bn ba
hot ng cch mng nc ngoi, n tra ngy 28-1-
1941 (tc mng 2 tt Tn T), t nh ni Sum Kho(Tnh Ty, Qung Ty, Trung Quc), Ngi vt ct
m"c 108 bin gii Vit Trung, t bc chn u tin
n mnh t ca T quc thn yu... T , Ngi trc
tip ch o cch mng Vit Nam trong nc.
Ngay sau khi v nc, H Ch Minh sng lp ra
Vit Nam c lp ng minh (gi tt l Vit Minh).
Ngi c bu lm Ch tch Mt trn. Mt trn Vit
minh ra chng trnh hnh ng, ch trin on
ct tt c cc tng lp nhn dn, cc dn tc b p bc,
cc on th cch mng nhm nh ch ngha
quc pht xt Nht, ginh c lp cho nc Vit Nam,
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lp nn Chnh ph nhn dn ca nc Vit Nam dn
cn cng ho. Ch tch H Ch Minh din t
chng trnh Vit Minh thnh Mi chnh sch caVit minh bng vn vn mi ngi c cho d nh,
d hiu. V gio dc th h tr, Ngi vit: Thanh nin
c trng hc nhiu v Tr em, b" m khi lo. Dy
nui chnh ph gip cho y. Ch trng pht trin
nn gio dc quc dn mi, trong c gio dc th cht
cho th h tr, c chng trnh Vit minh cp:Khuyn khch nn th dc quc dn lm cho ni ging
ngy thm mnh v Nhi ng c chnh ph sn sc
c bit v th dc 'v tr dc
Cch mng thng Tm ni 1945 thnh cng, Chnhph nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ho ra i, ng u
l Ch tch H Ch Minh, tin hnh ngay cng cuc bov v xy dng nc Vit Nam mi. v gio dc, Bc Hch trng xy dng mt nn gio dc mi nhm phttrin th h tr v mi mt. Trong th gi hc sinh
nhn ngy khai trng u tin ca nc Vit Nam
mi, Ngi vit: Ngy nay cc em c ci may mn
hn cha anh l c hp th mt nn gio dc ca mtnc3c c lp, mt nn gio dc s o to cc em nnnhng ngi cng dn hu ch cho nc Vit Nam, mt
nn gio dc lm pht trin hon ton nhng nng lc
(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, NXB S tht, H Ni 1983, tp 3,
tr.421-422
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sn c ca cc em V gio dc th cht, Bc H rt
coi trng nh cc mn hc khc trong nh trng.
Ngi khuyn bo thiu nhi - hc sinh hy Sing tpth thao cho mnh my c n nang Ngi cn dnhc sinh phi hc gii khng ch cc mn vn ho m cmn gio dc th cht. u nm hc 1946 - 1947, BcH n thm trng ph thng trung hc Nguyn Tri
(H Ni), Ngi khuyn bo hc sinh phi lm theo li
dy ca Lnin, hc sinh Lin X phi hc gii ba th:ting Nga, ton v th dc. Xin trch dn bi bo: Nh
li bui Bc H n thm trng chng ti (Tun tin
tc TTXVN, s 36, ngy 8-9-1984) ca on Thanh
nh sau:
Nm hc 1946 - 1947) khai ging c hn mt
thng th trng Nguyn Tri vinh d c Bc H nthm. Bc n qu bt ng, nn mi n khi Bc bc
vo lp hc chuyn khoa 11 ca trng, chng ti mi
vi ng ln cho Bc. Bc ti ci vy tay bo: Cc
chu ngi xung. Bc quay sang hi thy Hiu trng:
Lp ny l lp my?. Thy Hiu trng p: Tha
Ch tch vi lp Bc (ngha l bc t ti) . Bc ci: th ra y ton l c t, cu t tng lai c. Bc hi:Cc chu c bit ng Lnin khng?. Tuy sp l c t.
(1) H Ch Minh ton tp, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, xut bn ln
th hai, H Ni 1995, tp 4, tr.32
(2) H Ch Minh ton tp, NX B S tht, H Ni 1984, T4, tr .l 3
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cu t (t ti) nh Bc gi yu, nhng chng ti vn cn
m v ng Lnin lm. Mt anh mnh dn ng ln
tha: Tha Bc, ng Lnin l ngi lnh o nc Nga. Bc vy tay cho anh ngi xung ri ni tip: ng,ng Lnln l ngi lnh o Lin X, ng rt quan tmn hc ng, ng khuyn hc sinh Lin X phi hc
gii ba th, cc chu c bit ba th g khng?. Bit
chng ti lng tng, Bc ci bo: Cc chu th on
xem, t suy bn thn xem cn hc g nht?. Chng timnh dn ni ln kin ca mnh, ngi th cho l phi
hc khoa hc, ngi th cho phi hc lch s, ngi th
bo phi hc chnh tr.
Bc ci bo: Mi c t, cu t k ra mt mn, th
no ch ng, nhng c mt mn Bc ch mi chng
thy ai k ra. ng l Lnin dy rng, cc hc sinh philc ting Nga, ton v... Bc dng li. C lp hi hp
ch li gii p. Bc mm ci ch tay ra ngoi sn vo
mt lp ang tp th dc ni: V th dc, c lp tici, phn khi...
Bc H rt quan tm ti mn gio dc th cht trong
nh trng. Ngy 27-3-1946, Ngi k sc lnh thnhlp Nha Thanh nin v Th dc thuc B Quc gia Giodc nhm trin khai cng tc gio dc th cht tronglc sinh, thanh thiu nin c nc ta. Trong cuckhng chin chng thc dn Php, Bc H cng dy bo1C sinh, thanh thiu nhi chm ch rn luyn thn th.
Cui nm 1947, Bc H vit th gi bo Xung Phong
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(bo ca thiu nhi yu nc tnh Hi Dng), Ngi cn
dn thiu nhi tnh Hi Dng phi chm hc, phc v
khng chin kin quc, rn luyn thn th, gi gn kut v yu nc:
Cc chu nghe Bc dn d:
Phi bit yu nc, phi lo hc hnh,
Sing lm vic, sing tp tnh,
Phi gi k lut l thnh chu ngoan
Bc H rt ch trng ti phong tro thi ua i qu'c
do Ngi pht ng trong cuc khng chin chng thcdn Php: Ngi ngi thi ua, ngnh ngnh thi ua.ta nht nh thng, ch nh't nh thua. Ni dung thi
ua i quc trong cc trng hc c c gio dc th cht:Cc trng hc thi ua v gio dc tr lc, c dc, thdc, tng gia