Download - Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
1/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
2/278
1
K THUT S(Digital Electronics)
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Ni dung mn hc
Chng 1: Mt skhi nim m u Chng 2: H thng s Chng 3: Cc cng logic v i sBoolean Chng 4: Mch logic Chng 5: Flip-Flop Chng 6: Mch shc Chng 7: B m v thanh ghi Chng 8: c im ca cc IC s Chng 9: Cc mch sthng gp Chng 10: Kt ni vi mch tng t Chng 11: Thit b nh
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
3/278
3
Gio trnh v ti liu tham kho
Bi ging Th.S ng Ngc Khoa K thut s- Nguyn Thy Vn, NXB.KHKT K thut s1 - Nguyn NhAnh, NXB. HQG Digital Systems: Principles and Applications
Ronald J.Tocci, Prentice-Hall
4
Chng 1Mt skhi nim m u
Th.S ng Ngc Khoa
Khoa in - in T
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
4/278
5
M t shc
Tn hiu analog (tng t) l tn hiu cgi tr thay i mt cch lin tc
Tn hiu digital (s) l tn hiu c gi trthay i theo nhng bc ri rc.
Analog == Tng t. Digital == Ri rc (step by step)
6
Tn hiu analog v digital
Tn hiu analog Tn hiu digital
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
5/278
7
Nhng i lng sau y l analog haydigital? Cng tc 10 trng thi Dng ng ra ca mt thit b in. Nhit phng. Tc ca mt mt in.
Nt iu chnh m thanh ca radio.
V d 1.1
Digital
Analog
Analog
Analog
Analog
8
H thng s
H thng s l mt kt hp ca cc thitb c thit k lm vic vi cc ilng vt l c miu t di dng s.
V d: my vi tnh, my tnh tay, cc thitb audio/video s, in thoi s, truynhnh k thut s
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
6/278
9
u im ca k thut s
Nhn chung, h thng sd thit k. Cc thng tin c lu trd dng. chnh xc cao. C th lp trnh hot ng ca h thng. Cc mch s t b nh hng bi nhiu. Nhiu mch sc th c tch hp vo
trong mt IC.
10
Hn chca k thut s
Trong thc tphn ln cc i lng lanalog.
xl tn hiu analog, h thng cnthc hin theo ba bc sau:
Bin i tn hiu analog ng vo thnh tnhiu s(analog-to-digital converter, ADC) X l thng tin s Bin i tn hiu digital ng ra thnh tn
hiu analog (digital-to-analog converter,DAC)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
7/278
11
Mt sv d v h thng s
12
H thng iu khin nhit
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
8/278
13
a CD (Compact Disk)
m thanh ca cc nhc c v ting ht sto ra mt tn hiu in p analog trongmicrophone.
Tn hiu analog ny s c bin ithnh dng s.
Thng tin ss c lu trtrong a CD Trong qu trnh playback, my CD nhn
thng tin st a CD v bin i thnhtn hiu analog, sau khuch i v ara loa.
14
La chn gia digital & analog
H thng sphi thm vo 2 b ADC vDAC (phc tp, tn km)
H thng syu cu thm thi gian chocc qu trnh bin i (hn chtc )
Trong phn ln cc ng dng, h thng
sthng c u tin ng dng do ccu im ca n. Mch analog c sdng d dng cho
qu trnh khuch i tn hiu.Kt hp gia analog v digital
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
9/278
15
Gi tr in p trong Digital
Binary 1: in p t2V n 5V
Binary 0: in p t0V n 0.8V Not used: in p t0.8V n 2V, vng
ny c thgy ra li trong mch s.
16
Mch s
Mch sphi c thit k in png ra nm trong khong logic 0 hoclogic 1
Mt mch s lm vic vi cc gi tr ng
vo l logic 0 hoc 1 m khng quan tmn gi tr in p thc t. Mi mt mch stun theo mt tp hp
cc quy lut logic nht nh.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
10/278
17
Mch stch hp
Phn ln cc mch s c tch hp trongIC.
Mt sk thut chto IC TTL CMOS
Nhng h IC ny s c cp trong
chng 8.
18
Truyn song song
Truyn ni tip
Truyn song song & ni tip
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
11/278
19
B nh
20
B nh
Trng thi ca mch c th c lu trsau khi chm dt tn hiu ng vo.
Thuc tnh lu gi tr ca n tng ngvi thit b nh nn c gi l b nh
(memory) B nh thng c lm tcc mch
Latches (cht) hoc Flip-Flop.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
12/278
21
Cc phn chnh ca my tnh
22
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
13/278
1
Chng 11Thit b nh
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Thit b nh
Mt h thng thng sdng B nh trong (lm vic) tc cao B nh ngoi (lu tr) tc thp hn
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
14/278
3
Thut ngthng sdng
Memory Cell: mt thit b hay mt mch ckhn nng lu trmt bit d liu
Memory Word: mt nhm cc bit, thngthng mt tc 8 64 bit.
Byte: mt nhm 8 bit. Dung lng: m t kh nng lu trca b
nh. Dung lng m t sword c trong bnh. 1K = 2
10
word 1M = 220 word
1G = 230 word
2K x 8 = 2.210 x 8 = 2.1024.8 word
4
Thut ngthng sdng
Address: l sxcnh v tr ca t(word) trong b nh.
Lnh c: thc hinvic c d liu r a tb nh.
Lnh ghi: thc hinlnh ghi d liu vob nh.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
15/278
5
Thut ngthng sdng
RAM: Random-Access Memory. SAM: Sequential-Access Memory ROM: Read Only Memory RWM: Read/Write Memory Static Memory Devices: d liu c lu mi
mi khi cn ngun cung cp. Dynamic Memory Devices: d liu khng
c lu mi mi, lu d liu c lu trta
cn rewritten d liu. Main Memory: b nh lm vic Auxiliary Memory: b nh thcp dng
lu tr.
6
Hot ng ca b nh
1. Xc nh a ch trong b nh c truy cpbi lnh ghi hoc c.
2. Xc nh lnh (ghi hoc c) cn thc hin.3. Cung cp d liu lu vo b nh trong qu
trnh ghi.
4. Nhn d liu ng ra trong qu trnh c.5. Enable hay Disable sao cho b nh p ng
n a ch v lnh thc thi.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
16/278
7
Cu trc ca b nh
Cu trc b nh 32x4
8
Cu trc ca b nh
a) Ghi d liu 0100 vo b nh ti a ch 00011.b) c d liu 1101 tb nh c ch 11110
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
17/278
9
Bi tp 01
Xc nh gi tr ca cc ng vo v ng rakhi c d liu t a ch 00100.
Xc nh gi tr ca cc ng vo v ra khighi dliu 1110 vo 01101.
10
Bi tp 02
Cho mt b nh c dung lng 4Kx8 Cn bao nhiu ng d liu ng vo v ng
ra.
Cn bao nhiu ng a ch. Tnh tng sbyte c trong b nh.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
18/278
11
Kt ni gia CPU v b nh
Kt ni vi thit b iu khin (CPU)
12
Kt ni vi thit b iu khin (CPU)
Vit d liu1. CPU cung cp a ch nh phn.2. CPU a dliu vo data bus3. CPU kch hot tn hiu iu khin ph hp.4. B nh s gii m a ch nh phn5. Data c a n a ch c chn.
c d liu1. CPU cung cp a ch nh phn.2. CPU kch hot tn hiu iu khin ph hp.3. B nh s gii m a ch nh phn4. B nh a dliu ph hp ln data bus
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
19/278
13
ROM (Read Only Memories)
ROM l b nh bn dn c thit k lu dliu lu di.
Trong qu trnh hot ng, d liu khng thghi vo ROM nhng c th c ra tROM.
ROM c th c np d liu bi nh sn xuthoc ngi sdng.
D liu trong ROM khng b mt bi khi h thngb mt in
14
ROM (Read Only Memories)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
20/278
15
ROM(tt)
16
Cu trc ca ROM
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
21/278
17
Cu trc ca ROM
Cu trc bn trong ca ROM rt phc tpnhng, bao gm nhng phn chnh sau: Ma trn thanh ghi: gm nhng thanh ghi lu
trd liu trong ROM. Mi thanh ghi chac mt tv c mt a ch tng ng.
Gii m a ch: bao gm gii m a ch hngv gii m a ch ct.
B m ng ra: d liu c chn s c
n b m ng ra khi CS mc thp. Khi CS mc cao, cc ng ra ca b m s trngthi tng tr cao.
18
Gin thi gian
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
22/278
19
MROM (Mask-programmed ROM)
MROM l ROM m dliu c nhp binh sn xut theo yu cu ca khch hng.
Phim m bn (mask) c sdng ktni trong ROM.
C hiu qu kinh tkhi sn xut vi slng ln
Cu trc ca mt MROM 16 bit nh nhsau
20
MROM (Mask-programmed ROM)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
23/278
21
MROM (Mask-programmed ROM)
Khi CE disabled, tt c ccchc nng ca chip s disabled.
Khi OE disabled, chnhngng ra 3 trng thi l disabled
22
PROMs (Programmable ROMs )
PROM l cc loi ROM c th c lp trnh(np dliu) bi ngi sdng.
PROM c cu trc da vo cc kt ni nuchy(cu ch).
Khi np d liu cho ROM th chng trnhs nu chy cc kt ni tng ng.
PROM l loi ROM sdng mt ln. Kinh ttrong trng hp sdng vi s
lng nh
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
24/278
23
PROMs (Programmable ROMs )
24
PROMs (Programmable ROMs )
Bipolar PROM ph bin l 74186, ROMny c cu trc gm 64 t8 bit.
TBP28S166 cng l mt bipolar PROM cdung lng 2K x 8.
MOS PROM c dung lng ln hn bipolarPROM. TMS27PC256 l mt MOS PROMc dung lng 32K x 8.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
25/278
25
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
EPROM c th c lp trnh bi ngi sdng v n cng c th c xa v lptrnh li.
Phi c mch np dliu chuyn dngdnh ring cho tng ROM.
Sdng tia UV xa dliu Tt c d liu trong EPROM s c xa S ca mt EPROM tiu biu (27C64)
nhsau:
26
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
26/278
27
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)
EPROM c hai nhc im chnh l: Chng ta phi tho chng ta khi mch
xa v lp trnh li. Mi ln xa v lp trnh li phi lm thc hin
cho ton b ROM Thi gian xa lu (khong 30 pht)
EEPROM c thkhc phc c nhng
nhc im trn. Sdng in p xa d liu C thxa d liu cho tng byte
28
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM)
EEPROM 2864 8K x 8
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
27/278
29
CD ROM
CD ROM l nhng a c sn xut vimt b mt phn x.
Dliu s c lu trn a bng ccht chy hay khng mt khe trn b mta.
L phi php lu dmt cch kinh t
dung lng ln dliu
30
Flash Memory
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
28/278
31
28F256A flash memory
32
S chc nng ca 28F256A
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
29/278
33
ROM c th c sdng trong bt k ngdng no cn lu trd liu t hay khngthay i. Firmware: dng lu trdliu firmware cho cc h
thng microcomputer. Bng dliu: lu trdata cho nhng ng dng tra d
liu. Chuyn i dliu: lu trdata cho cc php bin i. To ra nhng hm bin i dliu.
ng dng ca ROM
34
ng dng ca ROM
V d ng dng ca ROM trong mch tao ra sngdng hnh sin.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
30/278
35
Bi tp 03
Sdng ROM thit kmt mch c 3bit ng vo v ng ra thhin bnhphng gi tr ng vo.
36
Bi tp 04
Sdng mch cho trang 21 thit lpmch thhin hm
y = 3x + 5
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
31/278
37
Ngc li vi ROM, RAM bn dn l bnh c thghi v c c.
Nhc im chnh: dliu d b thay i. u im chnh: c thghi v c mt
cch nhanh chng v d dng.
RAM bn dn
38
Cu trc ca RAM
Tng tnhROM, RAM cng bao gmmt sthanh ghi. Mi thanh ghi cha mttv c mt a ch duy nht.
Thng thng dung lng ca RAM l 1K,
4K, 8K, 16K, 64K, 128K, 256K. Kch thc ca mt ttrong RAM c th
l 1, 4 hay 8 bit.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
32/278
39
Cu trc ca RAM 64x4
40
Cu trc ca RAM 64x4
RAM ny cha 64 t, mi t4 bit. Mi thanh ghi c mt a ch tng ng 0-
6310. Do vy cn tt c 6 ng a ch. 6 ng a ch c a qua mt b gii
m 6->64. Ng ra no mc cao th thanh ghi tng
ng c chn.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
33/278
41
Bi tp 05
Hy tnh dunglng ca nhngRAM sau y
42
SRAM (Static RAM)
RAM tnh l RAM m dliu c lu trtrong RAM trong sut thi gian RAM ccp ngun.
Mi cell ca SRAM cha 1 bit v c cu
to tFlip-Flop. Gin thi gian truy cp SRAM nhsau:
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
34/278
43
SRAM (Static RAM)
44
SRAM (Static RAM)
Mt SRAM thc t6264C
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
35/278
45
DRAM c chto tcng ngh MOS. So viSROM chng c dung lng cao hn v yu cucng sut cung cp tht hn.
Gi tr ca DRAM c lu trong nhng t in. Do sr r in tch ca t in nn DRAM yu
cu phi c np li in sau mt khong thigian nht nh.
Thng thng SRAM yu cu np li d liu sau2-10ms.
DRAM (Dynamic RAM)
46
Cu trc ca DRAM
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
36/278
47
Hot ng ca DRAM
Trong qu trnh ghi cng tc SW1 v SW2 ngcn SW3 v SW4 m.
Trong qu trnh c SW2, SW3, SW4 ng cn
SW1 m.
48
M rng tv dung lng
M rng t Kt hp hai RAM 16x4
thng RAM 16x8
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
37/278
49
M rng tv dung lng
M rng dung lng Kt hp hai chip 16x4
thnh b nh 32x4
50
Bi tp 06
Tnh dung lng ca mch sau y
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
38/278
51
Bi tp 07
52
Bi tp 08
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
39/278
53
Bi tp 09
TRAM 6206 (slide 41) hy thit kbnh 4K x 8.
54
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
40/278
1
Chng 10Kt ni vi mch tng t
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Kt ni vi mch tng t
Transducer: bin i i lng vt l thnh tn hiu in Analog-to-digital converter (ADC)
Digial system: x l tn hiu
Digital-to-analog converter (DAC)
Thc thi k t qu
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
41/278
3
Bin i D/A
Nhiu phng php ADC s dng DACVrefc s dng xc nh ng ra full-
scale.
Trong trng hp tng qut, ng ra analog= K x gi tr s ng vo
4
Bin i D/A
DAC 4 bit, ng ra in p tng t
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
42/278
5
Ng ra tng t
Ng ra ca b bin i DAC khng honton l tn hiu analog bi v n ch xcnh mt sgi tr nht nh.
Vi mch trn, ng ra ch c thc nhnggi tr, 0, 1, 2, , 15 volt.
Khi sng vo tng ln th tn hiu ng ra
cng ging vi tn hiu tng t.
6
Bc nhy
Bc nhy ca b bin i D/A c nhngha l khong thay i nh nht ca ng rakhi c s thay i gi tr ng vo.
B bin i D/A N bit: smc ng ra khc
nhau =2^N, s bc nhy =2^N-1 Bc nhy = K = Vref/(2^N-1)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
43/278
7
Bc nhy
Bc nhy = 1 volt
8
V d 10-1
Cn sdng b DAC bao nhiu bit c thiu khin motor thay i tc mi 2 vng.
1000rpm/2rpm(per step) = 500 steps
2N - 1 > 500 steps. Suy raN= 9?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
44/278
9
Ng vo BCD
Trng s ca nhng ng vo khc nhau
Ng vo 2 s BCD
10
Mch o Mch khng o
Vi
Mch bin i D/A
Tnh cht ca Opamp
Vo/Vi = 1+R2/R1Rin = infinity
Vo /Vi = - R2/R1Rin = R1
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
45/278
11
V1
V2
V3
R1
R2
R3
Rf
Mch bin i D/A
Trng sca nhng ng vo khc nhau
Vo = -Rf(V1/R1 + V2/R2 + V3/R3)
12
Mch bin i D/A
Bc nhy= |5V(1K/8K)| = .625VMax out = 5V(1K/8K + 1K/4K + 1K/2K + 1K/1K) = -9.375V
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
46/278
13
B DAC 4 bit
14
DAC vi ng ra dng in
Bin i dng sang p
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
47/278
15
Mch bin i D/A
Vi nhng mch bin D/A trn, trngscc bit c xc nh da vo gi trca cc in tr.
Trong mt mch phi sdng nhiu intr vi nhng gi tr khc nhau B DAC 12 bit
in tr MSB = 1K in tr LSB = 1x212 = 2M
Mch sau ch sdng 2 gi tr in tr
16
Mch bin i D/A
DAC R/2R
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
48/278
17
DAC Thng sk thut
Nhiu b DAC c tch hp vo trongnhng IC, mt sthng stiu biu ca n Resolution: bc nhy ca b DACAccuracy: sai ssai sca b DAC Offset error: ng ra ca DAC khi tt c ng vo
bng 0
Settling time: thi gian yu cu DAC thchin bin i khi ng vo chuyn i ttrngthi all 0 n trng thi all 1
18
IC DAC
AD7524 (Figure 11-9) CMOS IC
8 bit D/A
Sdng R/2R
Max settling time: 100 ns Full range accuracy: +/- 0.2% F.S.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
49/278
19
IC DAC
Khi ng vo CS v WR mc thp, OUT1 l ng ra analog.Khi c 2 mc cao, OUT1 c cht v gi tr nh phn ng vokhng c bin i ng ra.
OUT2 thng thng c ni t
20
ng dng DAC
Control Sdng ng ra sca my tnh iu
chnh tc ca motor hay nhit .Automatic testing
To tn hiu tmy tnh kim tra mchannalog
Signal reconstruction Ti to tn hiu analog ttn hiu s. V d h
thng audio CDA/D conversion
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
50/278
21
V d 10-2
Sdng DAC iu chnh bin catn hiu analog
22
Bin i A/D
ADC miu t gi tr analog ng vo bnggi tr snh phn.
ADC phc tp v tn nhiu thi gian bin ihn DAC
Mt sADC sdng b DAC l mt phnca n Mt opamp c sdng lm b so snh
trong ADC
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
51/278
23
Bin i A/D
B m nh phn c sdng nh l mtthanh ghi v cho php xung clock tng gi tr bm cho n khi VAXVA
24
Hot ng ca bADC
Lng START bt u qu trnh bin i Control unit thay i gi tr nh phn trong thanh
ghi
Gi tr nh phn trong thanh ghi c bin ithnh gi tr nh phn VAX
B so snh so snh VAX vi VA. Khi VAX < VA, ngra b so snh mc cao. When VAX > VA, ng rac mc thp, qu trnh bin i kt thc, gi tr nhphn nm trong thanh ghi.
B phn iu khin s pht ra tn hiu end-of-conversion signal, EOC.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
52/278
25
Bin i A/D
26
Bin i A/D
Dng sng thhin qu trnh mytnh thit lp mt chu trnh bin il lu gi tr nh phn vo b nh.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
53/278
27
Sai slng t
C thgim sai s lng tbng cch tng sbit nhng khng th loi b hon ton
28
Khi phc tn hiu
Sau khi kt thc mt qu trnh ADC ta sc gi tr nh phn ca mt mu.
Qu tr khi phc tn hiu analog nhsau
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
54/278
29
Khi phc tn hiu
Aliasing Nguyn nhn l do tn s ly mu khng ng Gii hn Nyquist
Tn s ly mu phi t nht ln hn 2 ln tn scaonht ca tn hiu ng vo.
Ly mu tn snh hn 2 ln tn sng vo sto nn k t qu sai khi khi phc tn hiu.
30
Qu trnh ly mu khng ng
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
55/278
31
ADC xp x lin tc (SDC)
Sdng rng ri hn ADC Phc tp hn nhng c thi gian bit i
ngn hn Thi gian bin i c nh, khng ph
thuc vo gi tr analog ng vo Nhiu SAC c tch hp trong nhng IC
32
Successive-approximation ADC
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
56/278
33
Successive-approximation ADC
SAC 4 bit sdng DAC c bc nhy 1 V
34
ADC0804 SAC 8 bit
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
57/278
35
ADC0804 SAC 8 bit
C hai ng vo analog cho php hai ng vo vi sai.
Ngng xc nh ti 1/2LSB. V d, bc nhy l10mV, bit LSB s trng thi 1 ti 5mV.
IC c thanh ghi xung clock bn trong to r a tn sf = 1/(1.1RC). Hoc c thsdng xung clock bnngoi.
Nu sxung clock c tn s606kHz, thi gian bini xp x 100us.
Sdng ni t ring bi v t ca thit b stnti nhiu do qu trnh thay i dng t ngt khithay i trng thi.
36
ng dng ca IC ADC0804
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
58/278
37
Flash ADC
Tc bin i cao Mch phc tp hn nhiu
Flash ADC 6 bit yu cu 63 b so snh tng t Flash ADC 8 bit yu cu 255 b so snh tng t Flash ADC 10 bit yu cu 1023 b so snh tng t
Thi gian bin i khng sdng xung clockdo vy qu trnh bin i l lin tc. Thi gian
bin i rt ngn ch khong 17 ns. B bin i flash 3 bit c miu t nhhnh sau
38
Flash ADC 3 bit
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
59/278
39
Mch ly mu v gi
40
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
60/278
1
Chng 9Cc mch sthng gp
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Ni dung
Mch gii m/Mch m ha Mch ghp knh Mch phn knh Mch so snh Chuyn m Data Bus
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
61/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
62/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
63/278
7
Gii m BCD - Decimal
Mt smch gii m khng sdng ttc 2N ng vo ca n
Mch gii m BCD Decimal c 4 ng vov 10 ng ra
Ng ra trng thi tch cc (mc thp)ch khi m BCD tng ng vi n ca n ng vo
Khi ng vo khng phi l gi tr BCD thkhng c ng ra no tch cc IC 74LS42 gii m BCD - Decimal
8
Gii m BCD - Decimal
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
64/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
65/278
11
Gii m BCD LED 7 on
LED 7 on c chto t7 LED thngthng
12
IC hin th LED 7 on
LED
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
66/278
13
LED v LCD
n LED (Light Emitting Diode) pht sngkhi c dng in chy qua n
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) hin th tinhth lng
LCD hot ng vi tn hiu xoay chiuin p thp, tn sthp
n LED to ra nh sng mnh hn, LCDsdng t cng sut hn
14
Nguyn l hot ng ca LCD
Control = low, ng ra ca EX-OR s ging ving vo. in p trn LCD = 0, LCD = off
Control = high, ng ra ca EX-OR s ngcvi sng ng vo. in p trn LCD l sngvung 5 v -5V, LCD trng thi on
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
67/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
68/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
69/278
19
u tin trong m ha
Trong trng hp c nhiu ng vo trng thi tch cc th ng ra s tngng vi ng vo c trng scao nht
20
V d mch m ha
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
70/278
21
V d mch m ha
Sdng IC 74LS147 Cc cng tc tng ng vi cc nt nht
t0 n 9 Bnh thng tt c cc cng tc m, cc
ng vo trng thi cao, BCD ng ra l0000
Khi c mt phm nhn, mch s to ramt m BCD tng ng
22
Mch ghp knh
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
71/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
72/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
73/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
74/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
75/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
76/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
77/278
35
Mch phn knh 1 - 8
36
Mch phn knh
IC gii m 74LS138 c th c sdng lmb phn knh vi ng vo E1 lm ng vo data
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
78/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
79/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
80/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
81/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
82/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
83/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
84/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
85/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
86/278
3
Thng sdng v p
Mc in pVIH(min): in p ng vo mc cao: gi tr
in p thp nht cho mc logic 1 ng vo.VIL(max): in p ng vo mc thp: gi tr
in p cao nht cho mc logic 0 ng vo.VOH(min): in p ng ra mc cao: gi tr
in p thp nht cho mc logic 0 ng ra.VOL(max): ip p ng ra mc thp: gi tr
in p cao nht cho mc logic 0 ng ra.
4
Thng sdng v p
Mc dng in IIH: Dng in ng vo mc cao: dng in
chy vo mc logic 1 IIL: Dng in ng vo mc thp: dng in
chy vo mc logic 0 IOH: Dng in ng ra mc cao: dng in
chy ra mc logic 1 IOL: Dng in ng ra mc thp: dng in
chy ra mc logic thp
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
87/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
88/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
89/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
90/278
11
H IC TTL
S mch ca cng NAND TTL
12
IC TTL cng NAND
Ng ra trng thi thp
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
91/278
13
IC TTL cng NAND
Ng ra trng thi cao
14
Kt ni gia cc mch logic
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
92/278
15
H IC TTL
Mch TTL c cu trc tng tnhtrn Ng vo l cathode ca tip gip PN
Ng vo mc cao s turn off mi ni v chc dng r r chy qua.
Ng vo mc thp s turns on mi ni v cdng tng i ln chy qua.
Phn ln mch TTL c cng cu trc ngra, tng tnhtrn.
16
Mch TTL cng NOR
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
93/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
94/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
95/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
96/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
97/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
98/278
27
Cng ngh MOS
MOSFETs - Metal Oxide SemiconductorField Effect Transistors
Sn xut n gin v r hn Tiu tn t nng lng C ththc hin c nhiu mch hn D b tc ng bi tnh in
28
Cng ngh MOS
K hiu MOSFET knh N v knh P
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
99/278
29
Cng ngh MOS
Trng thi ca MOSFET
30
Logic MOSFET knh N
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
100/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
101/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
102/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
103/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
104/278
39
Cng Tristate
B m Tristate c sdng khi nhiutn hiu sdng chung bus
40
Giao tip gia cc IC
Li (driver) cung cp tn hiu ng ra. Ti (load) nhn tn hiu. Mch giao tip (interface circuit) kt ni
gia thit b li v ti. Kt ni gia nhng h IC khc nhau trong
cng mt mch.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
105/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
106/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
107/278
1
Chng 7B m v thanh ghi
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
B m khng ng b
Xt b m 4 bit hnh 7-1 Xung clock ch c a n FF A, ng vo J,
K ca tt c cc FF u mc logic 1. Ng ra ca FF sau c ni n ng vo CLK
ca FF trc n. Ng ra D, C, B, A l mt snh phn 4 bit viD l bit c trng scao nht.
y l b m khng ng b v trngthi ca cc FF khng thay i cng vixung clock.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
108/278
3
Hnh 7-1 B m 4 bit
4
Quy c v trng s
Trong phn ln cc mch, dng tn hiuthng chy ttri sang phi.
Trong chng ny, nhiu mch in cdng tn hiu chy tphi sang tri.
V d, trong hnh 7-1: Flip-Flop A: LSB
Flip-Flop D: MSB
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
109/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
110/278
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
111/278
9
Tr trong b m khng ng b
Cu trc ca b m khng ng b khn gin nhng vn tr khi truyn tnhiu qua mi FF s lm hn chtn sca b m.
Vi b m khng ng b ta phi c TclockNx tpd
Fmax=1/(Nx tpd)
10
Tr trong b m khng ng b
B m 3 bitvi nhng tnsxung clockkhc nhau
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
112/278
11
Cu hi?
Trong b m bt ng b, tt c cc FFthay i trng thi cng mt lc? Sai
Gi sb m trong hnh 7-1 ang trng thi 0101. Sau 27 xung clock, trngthi ca b m s l bao nhiu? 0000
SMOD ca b m c 5 Flip-Flop?
12
B m ng b
Trng thi ca tt c cc FF s c thayi cng mt lc vi xung clock.
Hnh sau m t hot ng ca mt bm ng b
Mi FF c ng vo J, Kc kt ni sao chochng trng thi cao ch khi ng ra ca ttc cc FF sau n u trng thi cao.
B m ng b c thhot ng vi tn scao hn b m khng ng b.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
113/278
13
B m ng b MOD-16
14
Hot ng ca mch
B thay i trng thi theo xung clock chkhi A = 1.
C thay i trng thi theo xung clock chkhi A = B = 1.
D thay i trng thi theo xung clock chkhi A = B = C = 1.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
114/278
15
Bng chn tr
16
B m c s MOD < 2N
Sdng ng vo khng ng b (clear,set) buc b m b i mt strngthi.
Trong hnh 7-2, ng ra cng NAND cni n ng vo khng ng b CLEARca mi Flip-Flop.
Khi A=0, B=C=1, (CBA = 1102= 610) ngra cng NAND s tch cc v cc FF s bCLEAR v trng thi 0.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
115/278
17
Hnh 7-2 B m MOD-6
18
Trng thi tm
Lu rng trong hnh 7-2, 110 l mttrng thi tm thi. Mch ch tn ti trng thi ny trong thi gian rt ngnsau s chuyn sang trng thi 000.
000
001
010
011
100
101
000 Ng ra ca FF C c tn sbng 1/6 tn s
ng vo.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
116/278
19
S trng thi
20
Thit kb m MOD-X
Bc 1: Tm sFF nh nht sao cho 2N X. Kt ni cc FF li vi nhau. Nu 2N = Xth khng lm bc 2 v 3.
Bc 2: Ni mt cng NAND n ng vo
CLEAR ca tt c cc FF. Bc 3: Xc nh FF s mc cao ng vi
trng thi b m = X. Ni ng ra ca ccFF n ng vo ca cng NAND.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
117/278
21
B m MOD-14 v MOD-10
B m khng ng b
22
B m MOD-14 v MOD-10
B m ng b
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
118/278
23
B m thp phn
B m thp phn L bt k b m no c mi trng thi
phn bit.
B m BCD L mt b m thp phn m cc trng thi
trong b m tng ng t0000 (zero) n
1001 (9)
24
B m MOD-60 khng ng b
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
119/278
25
V d 7-2
Xc nh mch b m ng b MOD-60
26
Cu hi?
Trong b m MOD-13, ng ra ca FF noc ni n ng vo cng NAND camch clear?
Tt c cc b m BCD l b m thp
phn? Cho mt b m thp phn, tn sng
vo l 50KHz. Tn sng ra l bao nhiu?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
120/278
27
B m xung khng ng b
111110101100011010001000
B m ln c thchuyn thnh b mxung bng cch sdng nhng ng rao li cc ng vo xung clock.
28
B m xung MOD-8
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
121/278
29
B m xung ng b
B m xung ng b c cu to honton tng tnhb m ln ng b.
Ch khc l sdng cc ng ra o iu khin.
30
B m ln/xung ng b
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
122/278
31
IC b m khng ng b
IC 74LS293 h TTL C 4 J-K Flip-Flop, Q3Q2Q1Q0 Mi FF c mt ng vo CP (clock pulse) tng
tnhng vo CLK. Ng vo clock ca Q1 vQ0 c ni n chn 11 v chn 10.
Ng vo clear ca mi FF c ni n ng raca mt cng NAND hai ng vo MR1 v MR2.
Q3Q2Q1 c ni vi nhau hnh thnh nn mtb m 3 bit.
Q0 khng c ni n cc phn khc.
32
IC b m khng ng b
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
123/278
33
V d 7-3
Sdng IC 74LS293 thit lp b mMOD-16
34
V d 7-4
Sdng IC 74LS293 thit lp b mMOD-10
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
124/278
35
V d 7-5
Sdng IC 74LS293 thit lp b m MOD-14 Trng hp ny cn phi sdng thm mt
cng AND
36
V d 7-6
Sdng IC 74LS293 thit lp b mMOD-60
Sdng 2 IC mc ni tip nhau.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
125/278
37
IC b m
Gii thiu IC b m 7 bit h CMOS
38
IC b m ng b
TTL 74ALS160 B m c 4 FF FF thay i trng thi theo cng dng ca
xung clock
IC c mt ng vo CLEAR khng ng b. B m c thpreset n bt k gi tr no
(theo cc ng vo A, B, C, v D) bng cchtch cc ng vo LOAD.
B m c iu khin bi cc ng vo khcnhau, thhin trong bng Function table.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
126/278
39
74ALS160
40
74ALS160
V d
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
127/278
41
74ALS160
V d
42
74ALS160
C thkt hp nhiu IC to ra mt bm ln hn
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
128/278
43
IC b m ng b
74ALS193/HC193 B m ng b MOD-16
Presettable up/down
Preset khng ng b Master reset khng ng b
44
IC 74ALS193
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
129/278
45
IC 74ALS193
Mch to ra TCU v TCD
46
74ALS193 - b m ln
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
130/278
47
74ALS193 - b m xung
48
V d 7-7
B m xung MOD-5
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
131/278
49
IC 74ALS193
Kt hp nhiu IC m rng b m
50
Gii m b m
Gii m l bit i gi tr nh phn ngra thnh gi tr thp phn.
B gii m sau tch cc mc cao, c thsdng cc n LED thhin cc s
thp phn t0 7.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
132/278
51
Gii m b m MOD-8
52
Thit kb m ng b
Bng chuyn i trng thi ca JK-FF
0X1111
1X0110X1100
1
X00000
KJK tipHin tiChuyn i
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
133/278
53
Trnh tthit k
Bc 1: Xc nh sbit (sFF cn) Bc 2: v s chuyn i ca tt c
cc trng thi, bao gm c nhng trngthi khng xut hin trong chu trnh.
Bc 3: da vo s chuyn i trngthi thit lp mt bng, trong lit
k tt c cc trng thi hin ti v ktip.
54
Trnh tthit k
Bc 4: trong bng va to, thm ct gitr J, K ca cc FF. Vi mi trng thi hinti, xc nh gi tr ca J v Kb mchuyn n trng thi ktip.
Bc 5: thit kmch logic to ra ccmc logic cho mi ng vo J v K. Bc 6: xc nh s mch.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
134/278
55
V d, thit kb m MOD-5
S chuyn i trng thi 000001010011100000
56
Trng thi hin ti v ktip
0001118
0000117
0001016
0000015
0011104
1100103
0101002
100000Line 1
ABCABC
NEXTPRESENT
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
135/278
57
Bng trng thi ca mch
1x1x1x0001118
x01x1x0000117
1xx01x0001016
x0x01x0000015
1x1xx10011104
x10xx01100103
1xx1x00101002
x1x0x0100000Line 1
KAJAKBJBKCJCABCABC
NEXTPRESENT
58
Xc nh cc gi tr J v K
Tnh gi tr ca JA
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
136/278
59
Tng tta c
60
S mch
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
137/278
61
V d 7-8
Sdng D-FF thit kb m MOD-5
xxx000111
0xx000011
x0x000101
00x000001
xx1001110
1x0110010
x10010100
100100000
DADBDCABCABC
NEXTPRESENT
62
V d 7-8
Xc nh gi tr cc ng vo D
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
138/278
63
V d 7-8
S mch
64
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Thanh ghi c th c phn loi da vocch d liu c a vo v cch m dliu c ly ra: Parallel in/parallel out (PIPO)
Serial in/serial out (SISO) Parallel in/serial out (PISO)
Serial in/parallel out (SIPO)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
139/278
65
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo song song, ra song song :
IC 74174 v 74178
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Parallel out
Parallel inMSB LSB
66
PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174
74ALS174/74HC174 Thanh ghi 6 bit
D5, D0: ng vo song song
Q5, Q0: ng ra song song
D liu c a vo thanh ghi theo cnhdng ca xung clock Master reset c threset tt c cc FFs
mt cch c lp vi xung clock
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
140/278
67
PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174
68
PIPO 74ALS174/74HC174
74ALS174 c sdng lm b thnhghi dch
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
141/278
69
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo ni tip, ra ni tip:
IC 4731B
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Serial In Serial out
0 1 1 0
70
SISO - 4731B
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
142/278
71
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo song song, ra ni tip:
IC 74165,74LS165,74HC165
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Parallel InMSB LSB
Serial Out
1 0
72
PISO - 74HC165
74HC165 Thanh ghi 8 bit
D liu ni tip c a vo DS D liu song song khng ng b c a
vo qua P0 - P7 Ch c ng ra Q7 c sdng
CP l ng vo xung clock
CP INH ng vo ngn xung clock SH/LD ng vo load d liu
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
143/278
73
PISO - 74HC165
74
Mch thanh ghi tch hp
Vo ni tip, ra song song:
IC 74164,74LS164,74HC164
Serial In
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1
Parallel outMSB LSB
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
144/278
75
SIPO 74ALS164/74HC164
74ALS164 Cha thanh ghi dch 8 bit A v B l hai ng vo ca mt cng AND, ng
ra ca cnf AND l u vo ni tip.
Qu trnh dch xy ra khi c cnh m caxung clock
76
IC 74ALS164
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
145/278
77
V d IC 74ALS164
78
Thanh ghi dch
3684368363
V d v thanhghi dch trongmy tnh
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
146/278
79
B m thanh ghi dch
B m vng (FF cui ni n FF u tin) FF cui cng s dch gi tr ca n n FF u
tin
D-FF c sdng (JK-FF cng c th csdng)
Phi bt u vi trng thi ch c mt FF cgi tr 1 v nhng ci cn li trng thi 0.
80
Dch vng MOD-4
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
147/278
81
Dch vng 4 bit
B m MOD-4
82
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
148/278
1
Chng 6Mch shc
Th.S ng Ngc Khoa
Khoa in - in T
2
Mch shc
ALU (arithmetic/logic unit) s ly data ttrongb nh thc thi nhng lnh theo control unit
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
149/278
3
Mch shc
V d qu trnh mt lnh c thc thi: n v iu khin ra lnh cng mt s c ch nh
trong b nh vi sc trong thanh ghi accumulator.
Scng c truyn tb nh n thanh ghi B.
D liu trong thanh ghi B v thanh ghi accumulators c cng li vi nhau.
Kt qu s c lu vo trong thanh ghi accumulator
Gi tr trong thanh ghi accumulator s c gichon khi c lnh mi.
4
B cng nh phn song song
A, B l gi tr cn cng. C l gi tr nh. Sl kt qu ca php cng
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
150/278
5
Qu trnh x l php cng
6
V d 6-1
Hy thit kmt b cng y : B cng c 3 ng vo
2 ng vo thhin scn cng
1 ng vo cha snh ng vo
C 2 ng ra 1 ng ra l kt qu ca php cng
1 ng ra l snh ng ra
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
151/278
7
V d 6-1 Gii
Bng chn tr
8
V d 6-1 Gii
S mch kt qu
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
152/278
9
V d 6-2
Gii thch hot ngca mch sau
10
IC b cng
IC 74HC283 l IC b cng song song 4 bit
A v B l hai s4 bit
C0 l snh ng vo, C4 l snh ng ra
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
153/278
11
IC b cng
Ta c thni tip hai b cng 4 bit tora mt b cng 8 bit
12
B cng BCD
C thm phn mch x l trng hptng ln hn 9
(18)01001
(17)10001
(16)00001
(15)11110
(14)01110
(13)10110
(12)00110
(11)11010
(10)01010
S0S1S2S3S4
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
154/278
13
B cng BCD
X=S4+S3(S2+S1)
14
B cng BCD ni tip
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
155/278
15
IC ALU
ALU c ththc thi nhiu ton tv hmlogic khc nhau, cc ton tv hm nyc xc nh bi mt m ng vo.
74LS382 (TTL) v HC382 (CMOS) l thitb ALU tiu biu c ththc hin 8 hmkhc nhau.
16
IC ALU
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
156/278
17
V d 6-3
Hy sdng 2 IC 74LS382 to thnhb cng 8 bit
18
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
157/278
1
Chng 5Flip Flops
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Gii thiu
S h thng stng qut bao gmthnh phn nh v cc cng logic
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
158/278
3
Flip-Flops
Thnh phn nh ph bin nht l cc Flip-flop, flip-flop c cu thnh tnhngcng logic n gin.
K hiu tng qut ca mt flip-flop
4
Mch cht cng NAND
Mch cht cng NAND l mt flip-flop n gin. Mch cht c hai ng vo l set v clear (preset). Ng vo tch cc mc thp, ng ra s thay i
trng thi khi c xung thp ng vo. Khi mch trng thi set
Khi mch trng thi clear (preset)
1Qv0Q ==
0Qv1Q ==
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
159/278
5
Mch cht cng NAND
Mch cht cng NAND c hai trng thi n
nh (trng thi cht) ng vi trng hpSET = CLEAR = 1.
6
Trng thi SET mch cht
Khi ng vo SET chuyn ttrng thi caoxung trng thi thp, trong c hai trnghp ng ra Q s trng thi cao
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
160/278
7
Trng thi clear mch cht
Khi ng vo CLEAR chuyn ttrng thi caoxung trng thi thp, trong c hai trnghp ng ra Q s trng thi thp
8
Mch cht cng NAND
SET = RESET = 1. Trng thi n nh, ng ra vn gitrng thi trc .
SET = 0, RESET = 1. Q mc cao. SET = 1, RESET = 0. Q mc thp. SET = RESET = 0. Ng ra khng c xc nh chnh
xc do c hai trng thi set v clear cng tc ng.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
161/278
9
M t tng ng mch cht
Ng ra mch cht nh trng thi trc v
ng ra ch c ththay i khi mt trong haing vo trng thi tch cc
10
V d 5-1
Kha chng ny
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
162/278
11
Mch cht cng NOR
Tng tnhmch cht cng NAND ch khc vtr hai ng ra Q v Q c thay i cho nhau.
Ng vo tch cc mc cao
12
Dng sng mch cht cng NOR
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
163/278
13
V d 5-2
Khi mt ngun nh sng h thng s bo ng. Cng tc SW1 dng reset h thng
14
ng b v bt ng b
H thng sc thhot ng trng thi: Bt ng b (Asynchronously): Trng thi ng
ra s thay i khi c bt k sthay i no ng vo.
ng b (Synchronously): Ng ra ch thay iti nhng thi im c cnh xung clock (ngb vi cch xung clock)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
164/278
15
Xung clock
Vi h thng ng b, ng ra thay i trngthi ti nhng thi im c cnh xung clock. Cnh xung dng Positive-going transitions (PGT) Cnh xung m: Negative-going transitions (NGT)
16
Flip-Flops v xung clock
Trong cc FF c ng vo xung clock (CLK) (a) Xung clock tch cc cnh dng (b) Xung clock tch cc cnh m
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
165/278
17
Dng sng ca SC-FF
18
SC-FF tch cc cnh m
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
166/278
19
Cu trc bn trong SC-FF
Bao gm: Mch pht hin cnh xung Mch thit lp trng thi Mch cht cng NAND
20
Mch pht hin cnh xung
Pht hin cnh dng Pht hin cnh m
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
167/278
21
JK-FF
Hot ng ging SC-FF. J l ng set, K lng clear
Khi c J v Ku mc cao, ng ra s otrng thi so vi trng thi trc .
C thtch cc cnh dng hay cnh mxung clock.
22
JK-FF
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
168/278
23
JK-FF tch cc cnh m
24
Cu trc bn trong ca JK-FF
Khc nhau duy nht gia JK v SC-FF lJK c phn hi tip tn hiu.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
169/278
25
D Flip-Flop
Ch c mt ng vo D, tng ng vi ngvo data.
Ng ra Q s c cng gi tr vi ng vo Dkhi c tc ng ca cnh xung clock.
Trong nhng thi im khc, D-FF s lugi tr trc ca n.
c sdng trong ng dng truyn dliu song song
26
D Flip-Flop
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
170/278
27
D-FF v JK-KK
C thto ra D-FF tJK-FF
28
Truyn dliu song song
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
171/278
29
Mch cht D
Khng c mch pht hin cnh xung Ng vo xung clockc thay bng ng
vo enable
Ng ra c xc nh theo ng vo ch khienable mc cao
30
Mch cht D
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
172/278
31
V d 5-3
32
Ng vo khng ng b
S, C, J, K v D c gi l nhng ng vong b bi v nh hng ca chng ngb vi xung clock.
Ng vo khng ng b hot ng c
lp vi nhng ng vo ng b, chng cthset (1) hoc clear (0) Flip-Flop vo btk thi im no.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
173/278
33
JK-FF vi ng vo khng ng b
34
V d 5-4
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
174/278
35
ng dng ca Flip-Flop
36
ng dng ca FF
Mt s ng dng ca flip-flop B m Lu d liu nh phn Truyn d liu nh phn gia cc thit b
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
175/278
37
ng b tn hiu
a sh thng hot ng ch ngb.
Cc tn hiu tnhin l nhng tn hiukhng ng b.
Chng ta phi ng b nhng tn hiu nyvi xung clock.
38
ng b tn hiu
Tn hiu khng ng b A c thto ranhng mu xung khng ng.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
176/278
39
ng b tn hiu
40
Lu v truyn dliu
FF thng c sdng lu v truyndliu dng nh phn.
Nhm FF sdng lu data l thanh ghi Dliu c truyn khi data chuyn i
gia nhng FF hoc thanh ghi. Trong trng hp truyn ng b, cn
phi c xung ng b
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
177/278
41
Truyn dliu ng b
42
Truyn dliu song song
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
178/278
43
Thanh ghi dch
Trong trng hp ny dliu s ctruyn ni tip.
44
Truyn data gia hai thanh ghi
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
179/278
45
Chia tn s
46
B m
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
180/278
47
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
181/278
1
Chng 4Mch logic
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Biu din bng biu thc i s
Mt hm logic n bin bt k lun c thbiu din di dng: Tng ca cc tch (Chun tc tuyn - CTT):
l dng tng ca nhiu thnh phn m mithnh phn l tch ca y n bin.
Tch ca cc tng (Chun tc hi CTH): ldng tch ca nhiu thnh phn m mithnh phn l tng ca y n bin.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
182/278
3
Dng chun tc tuyn
F=ABC+ ABC + ABC + ABC
Dng chun tc hi
F = (A+B+C)(A+B+C)(A+B+C)(A+B+C)
Biu din bng biu thc i s
= )6,5,2,1(FA B C F
0
0
00
00
000 0
0
0
0
0
1
1
11
1
11
1
1
0
111
11
0
1
1
0
3
2
1
4
7
6
5
V tr
= )7,4,3,0(F
4
Biu din bng biu thc i s
X = 1 ghi XX = 1 ghi X
X = 0 ghi XX = 0 ghi X
Lu cc gi tr 0Lu cc gi tr 1
Tch ca cc tngTng ca cc tch
Chun tc hiChun tt tuyn
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
183/278
5
Rt gn mch logic
Lm cho biu thc logic n gin nht v dovy mch logic sdng t cng logic nht.
Hai mch sau y l tng ng nhau
6
Phng php rt gn
C hai phng php chnh rt gnmt biu thc logic. Phng php bin i i s: sdng
cc nh l v cc php bin i Boolean rt gn biu thc.
Phong php ba Karnaugh: sdng baKarnuagh rt gn biu thc logic
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
184/278
7
Phng php bin i i s
Sdng cc nh l v cc php bin iBoolean rt gn biu thc.
V d:
BD(A+B)(A+B+D)DBC+AD(B+C)AC(ABD)+ABCD+ABC
A(B+C)ABC+ABC+ABC
A(B+C)ABC+AB(AC)
Rt gnBiu thc ban u
?
8
V d 4-1
Hy rt gn mch logic sau
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
185/278
9
Bi ton thit k
Hy thit kmt mch logic c: Ba ng vo
Mt ng ra Ng ra mc cao ch khi a sng vo
mc cao
10
Trnh tthit k
Bc 1: Thit lp bng chn tr.
1111
1011
1101
0001
1110
0010
0100
0000
xCBA
Mchlogic
A
BC
x
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
186/278
11
Trnh tthit k
Bc 2: Thit lp phng trnh tbngchn tr.
1111
1011
1101
0001
1110
0010
0100
0000
xCBA
A.B.C
A.B.C
A.B.C
A.B.C
ABCCABCBABCAx +++=
12
Trnh tthit k
Bc 3: Rt gn biu thc logic
ABACBCxABCCABABCCBAABCBCAx
ABCCABCBABCAx
++=+++++=
+++=
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
187/278
13
Trnh tthit k
Bc 4: V mch logic ng vi biu thclogic va rt gn
ABACBCx ++=
14
V d 4-1
Hy thit kmt mch logic c 4 ng voA, B, C, D v mt ng ra. Ng ra ch mc cao khi in p (c miu t bi 4bit nh phn ABCD) ln hn 6.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
188/278
15
Kt qu
16
V d 4-3
Thit kmch logic iu khin mch phunnhin liu trong mch t nhsau:
Cm bin c kh cn t
Cm bin ngn la gia A v B
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
189/278
17
Ba Karnaugh
18
Phng php ba Karnaugh
Ging nhbng chn tr, ba Karnaugh l mt cchthhin mi quan h gia cc mc logic ngvo v ng ra.
Ba Karnaugh l mt phng php c sdng n gin biu thc logic.
Phng php ny d thc hin hn phng phpi s. Ba Karnaugh c ththc hin vi bt k sng
vo no, nhng trong chng trnh ch kho st sng vo nh hn 6.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
190/278
19
nh dng ba Karnaugh
Mi mt trng hp trong bng chn trtng ng vi 1 trong ba Karnaugh
Cc trong ba Karnaugh c nh ssaocho 2 k nhau ch khc nhau 1 gi tr.
Do cc k nhau ch khc nhau 1 gi trnn chng ta c thnhm chng li to
mt thnh phn n gin hn dng tngcc tch.
20
Bng chn tr K-map
Y
0
10
1
Z
1
01
1
X
0
01
1
Gi tr 0
Gi tr 1
Gi tr 2
Gi tr 3
1
1
0
1
Mt v d tng ng gia bng chn tr vba Karnaugh
0
1
2
3
Y
Y
X XZ
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
191/278
21
Y
Y
X X
0
0
1
0
X Y
Y
Y
X X
0
0
0
1 X Y
Y
Y
X X
1
0
0
0
X Y
Y
Y
X X
0
1
0
0 X Y
Xc nh gi tr cc
22
Nhm cc k nhauX Y
Y
Y
X X
1
0
1
0
X Y
YY
Y
X X
1
0
1
0
Z = X Y + X Y = Y ( X + X ) = Y
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
192/278
23
Nhm cc li vi nhau
Nhm 2 1 k nhau, loi ra bin xuthin c hai trng thi b v khng b.
Nhm 4 1 k nhau, loi ra 2 bin xuthin c hai trng thi b v khng b.
Nhm 8 1 k nhau, loi ra 3 bin xuthin c hai trng thi b v khng b.
24
Y
Y
X X
1
1
0
0
XY
Y
X X
1
0
1
0
Y
K-map 2 bin: nhm 2
Y
Y
X X
0
1
0
1 Y
Y
Y
X X
0
0
1
1X
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
193/278
25
Y
Y
X X
1
1
1
1
1
K-map 2 bin: nhm 4
26
V d K-map 2 bin
S
0
1
0
1
T
1
0
1
0
R
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
0
T = F(R,S) = S
S
S
S
R R
0
1
2
3
T
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
194/278
27
K-map 3 bin
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
C
0
1
0
1
0
1
01
Y
1
0
1
1
0
0
10
B
0
0
1
1
0
0
11
A
0
0
0
0
1
1
11
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
C
C
A B A B A BA BY
28
K-map 3 bin: nhm 2
C
C
A B A B A BA B
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
A C
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
B C
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
A B
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
A B
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
A B
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
A B
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
B C
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
B C0
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
B C
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
A C
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
A C
1
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
A C
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
195/278
29
K-map 3 bin: nhm 4
C
C
A B A B A BA B
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
A
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
B
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
C
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
A
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
C
1
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
B
30
K-map 3 bin: nhm 8
C
C
A B A B A BA B
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
196/278
31
Ba Karnaugh 4 bin
01111
0011111011
00011
11101
00101
01001
10001
01110
10110
01010
10010
01100
00100
01000
10000
FDCBA
ABCD
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
32
Ba Karnaugh 4 binAB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
Lu cc khiu trong
ba Karnaugh
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
197/278
33
Ba Karnaugh 4 bin
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
01111
0011111011
00011
11101
00101
01001
10001
01110
10110
01010
10010
01100
00100
01000
10000
FDCBA
ABCD
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
34
K-map 4 bin: nhm 2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
FACD
BCD
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
198/278
35
K-map 4 bin: nhm 4
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
ABCD
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
CD
36
K-map 4 bin: nhm 4
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
BD
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
199/278
37
K-map 4 bin: nhm 4
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
ABCD
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
BC
38
K-map 4 bin: nhm 4
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
BD
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
200/278
39
K-map 4 bin: nhm 8
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
ABCD
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
B
40
K-map 4 bin: nhm 8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
A
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
201/278
41
K-map 4 bin: nhm 8
1
1
1
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
ABCD
00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
B
42
Rt gn bng ba Karnaugh
Bc 1: Biu din hm cho trn baKarnaugh.
Bc 2: Nhm cc c gi tr bng 1 theocc quy tc:
Tng cc l ln nht. Tng cc phi l 2n (n nguyn). Cc ny phi nm k nhau.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
202/278
43
Rt gn bng ba Karnaugh
Bc 3: Lm li bc 2 cho n khi tt ccc logic 1 u c sdng.
Bc 4: Xc nh kt qu theo cc quy tc: Mi nhm s l mt tch ca cc bin. Kt qu l tng ca cc tch trn.
44
V d 4-4
J L
J K JKL
M = F(J,K,L) = J L + J K + J K L
1
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
L
L
J K J KJ K
0
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
J KM
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
203/278
45
V d 4-5
A C
Z = F(A,B,C) = A C + B C
1
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
C
C
A B A B A BA B
0
1
2
3
6
7
4
5
B C
46
V d 4-6
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
C
C
A B A B A BA B
A B A B
A C
B C
F1 = F(A,B,C) = A B + A B + A C
F2 = F(A,B,C) = A B + A B + B C
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
204/278
47
V d 4-7
0
1
4
5
12
13
8
9
3
2
7
6
15
14
11
10
W X W X W XW X
Y Z
Y Z
Y Z
Y Z
0
1
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
1
0
1
1
0
0
W X Y
X Y ZW Z
F1 = F(w,x,y,z) = W X Y + W Z + X Y Z
48
V d 4-8
Rt gn biu thc sau y:
f(A,B,C,D) =(2,3,4,5,7,8,10,13,15)
11
111
11
11
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
205/278
49
V d 4-8
11
111
11
11
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
BD
ABCABD
ABC
f(A,B,C,D) =BD + ABC + ABD + ABC
50
Trng thi Dont Care
Mt smch logic c c im: vi mtsgi tr ng vo xc nh, gi tr ng rakhng c xc nh c th.
Trng thi khng xc nh ca ng rac gi l trng thi Dont Care.
Vi trng thi ny, gi tr ca n c th l0 hoc 1.
Trng thi Dont Care rt tin li trongqu trnh rt gn ba Karnaugh.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
206/278
51
V d trng thi Dont Care
52
V d 4-9
Z01010101
01010101
F21x100x0x
x101x111
Y00110011
00110011
X00001111
00001111
W00000000
11111111
Y Z
F2 = F(w,x,y,z) = X Y Z + Y Z + X Y
X Y Z
X Y
0
1
4
5
12
13
8
9
3
2
7
6
15
14
11
10
W X W X W XW X
Y Z
Y Z
Y Z
Y Z
X
X
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
0
X
X
0
X
1
0
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
207/278
53
V d 4-10
Xc nh biu thc cho bngchn tr sau y
D0101010101010101
F01011x010001xxxx
C0011001100110011
B0000111100001111
A0000000011111111
Dng chun tc tuynf(A,B,C,D)= (1,3,4,7,11) + d(5,12,13,14,15)
Dng chun tc hif(A,B,C,D)= (0,2,6,8,9,10)D(5,12,13,14,15)
54
V d 4-10
f(A,B,C,D)= (1,3,4,7,11) + d(5,12,13,14,15)
f(A,B,C,D)= (0,2,6,8,9,10)D(5,12,13,14,15)
x
1x11
xx1
x1
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
0x00
x
0xx
0x0
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
CTT CTH
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
208/278
55
V d 4-10
x
1x11
xx1
x1
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
0x00
x
0xx
0x0
AB
CD00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
f(A,B,C,D) =CD +f(A,B,C,D) =CD + BC +f(A,B,C,D) =CD + BC + ADf(A,B,C,D) =(B+D)f(A,B,C,D) =(B+D)(A+C)f(A,B,C,D) =(B+D)(A+C)(C+D)
56
K-map 5 bin
f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,7,10,12,13,18,23,26,28,29)BC
DE00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F BC
DE00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
FA=0 A=1
0
1
3
2
4
5
7
6
12
13
15
14
8
9
11
10
16
17
19
18
20
21
23
22
28
29
31
30
24
25
27
26
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
209/278
57
K-map 5 bin
f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,7,10,12,13,18,23,26,28,29)BC
DE00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F BC
DE00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
FA=0 A=1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
58
K-map 5 bin
f(A,B,C,D,E) = (0,2,4,7,10,12,13,18,23,26,28,29)
11
1
1
111
BC
DE00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
F
11
1
1
1
BC
DE00 01 11 10
00
01
11
10
FA=0 A=1
ABDEBCD
BCDE
CDE
f(A,B,C,D) =ABDE+BCD+BCDE+CDE
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
210/278
59
Cng EX-OR
Cng EX-OR c hai ng vo. Ng ra ca cng EX-OR mc cao ch khi
hai ng vo c gi tr khc nhau.
60
Cng EX-OR
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
211/278
61
IC EX-OR 74LS86
62
Cng EX-NOR
Cng EX-NOR c hai ng vo. Ng ra ca cng EX-NOR mc cao ch
khi hai ng vo c gi tr ging nhau.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
212/278
63
Cng EX-NOR
64
V d 4-11
Sdng cng EX-NOR n gin mchlogic sau
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
213/278
65
Mch to v kim tra parity
66
Mch Enable/Disable
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
214/278
67
c im ca IC s
IC c cu to tcc in tr, diode,transistor, cc linh kin ny c t trnmt lp bn dn lm nn.
trnh cc tc ng c hc, ha hc, ICc ng trong nhng v silicon hocplastic.
Chip thc tnh hn hnh dng ca nrt nhiu
68
Dng c bn ca IC s
Dng hai hng chn song song
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
215/278
69
Dng c bn ca IC s
Dng hai hng chn song song
70
Dng c bn ca IC s
Dng ng v hp (flat pack)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
216/278
71
gn IC
thun li trong qu trnh lp rp vthay i, IC thng c gn trn cc .
72
Mch stch hp (IC)
1,000,000 or moreGiga-scale integration (GSI)
100,000 to 999,999Ultra large-scale integration (ULSI)
10,000 to 99,999Very large-scale integration (VLSI)
100 to 9999Large-scale integration (LSI)
12 to 99Medium-scale integration (MSI)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
217/278
73
IC sBipolar v Unipolar
IC s c phn thnh IC bipolar v ICunipolar.
IC bipolar l nhng IC c to thnh tnhng transistor BJT (PNP hoc NPN)
IC unipolar c to thnh tnhngtransistor hiu ng trng (MOSFET)
74
Cng NOT bipolar v unipolar
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
218/278
75
H IC
IC s c phn thnh hai loi chnh lTTL v CMOS.
H TTL l nhng IC bipolar (bng 4-1) H CMOS l nhng IC unipolar (bng 4-2)
76
H TTL (Bng 4-1)
74ALS0474ALSAdvanced low-powerSchottky TTL
74AS0474ASAdvanced Schottky TTL
74LS0474LSLow-power Schottky TTL
74S0474SSchottky TTL
7404 (NOT)74Standard TTL
V d ICK hiuPhn loi TTL
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
219/278
77
H CMOS (Bng 4-2)
74ACT0274ACTAdvanced-performance CMOS, not pin butelectrically compatible with TTL
74AC0274ACAdvanced-performance CMOS, not pin orelectrically compatible with TTL
74HCT0274HCTSilicon-gate, high-speed, pin-compatible and electrically compatiblewith TTL
74HC0274HCSilicon-gate, pin-compatible with TTL,high-speed
74C0274CMetal-gate, pin-compatible with TTL
4001 (NOR)40Metal-gate CMOS
V d ICK hiuPhn loi CMOS
78
Ngun cung cp v ni t
c thsdng c nhng IC stacn phi cung cp ngun cho n. Chn ngun (power) k hiu l VCC cho h
TTL v VDD cho h CMOS. Chn t (ground)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
220/278
79
Mc in p TTL
Maximum 5.0 V
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
Minimum 0.0 V
Input
Voltage5.0 V Maximum
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
0.0 V Minimum
Output
Voltage
UndefinedRegion
Typical 3.5 V
Typical 0.1 V
UndefinedRegion
2.0 V
HIGH HIGH
2.4 V
0.8 V
LOW0.4 V
LOW
80
Mc nhiu TTL
Mc nhiu (0.4 V)
Mc nhiu (0.4 V)
Maximum 5.0 V
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
Minimum 0.0 V
InputVoltage
5.0 V Maximum
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
0.0 V Minimum
OutputVoltage
UndefinedRegion
Typical 3.5 V
Typical 0.1 V
UndefinedRegion
2.0 V
HIGH HIGH
2.4 V
0.8 V
LOW0.4 V
LOW
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
221/278
81
Mc in p CMOS
Maximum 5.0 V
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
Minimum 0.0 V
InputVoltage
1.0 V
LOW
3.5 V
HIGH
UndefinedRegion
5.0 V Maximum
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
0.0 V Minimum
OutputVoltage
HIGH4.9 V
LOW
0.1 V
UndefinedRegion
82
Mc nhiu CMOS
Mc nhiu (0.9 V)
Mc nhiu (1.4 V)
Maximum 5.0 V
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
Minimum 0.0 V
InputVoltage
1.0 V
LOW
3.5 V
HIGH
Undefined
Region
5.0 V Maximum
4.0 V
3.0 V
2.0 V
1.0 V
0.0 V Minimum
OutputVoltage
HIGH4.9 V
LOW
0.1 V
Undefined
Region
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
222/278
83
Ng vo khng kt ni
Vi h TTL, ng vo khng kt ni lmvic ging nhmc logic 1, tuy nhin khio th in p DC ti chn nm trongkhong 1,4 1,8V.
Vi hc CMOS tt c cc ng vo phic kt ni.
84
Nhng li bn trong IC
Ng vo hoc rab ni n thoc ngun VCC
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
223/278
85
Nhng li bn trong IC
Ng vo hoc ra b h mch
86
Nhng li bn trong IC
Ngn mch gia hai chn
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
224/278
87
Nhng li bn ngoi IC
ng dy tn hiu b h mch: dy t,mi hn khng tt, chn IC gy, chn IC gy.
ng dy tn hiu b ngn mch: dong dy, mi hn, board mch b t.
Ngun cung cp khng ng. Output loading: khi ng ra kt ni vi qu
nhiu ng vo khc.
88
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
225/278
1
Chng 3Cc cng logic &i sBoolean
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
Hng sBoolean v bin
Khc vi cc i skhc, cc hng vbin trong i sBoolean ch c hai gitr: 0 v 1
Trong i sBoolean khng c: phn s,sm, ly tha, cn s,
i sBoolean ch c 3 ton t: Cng logic, hay cn gi ton tOR Nhn logic, hay cn gi ton tAND B logic, hay cn gi ton tNOT
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
226/278
3
Closed switchOpen switchYesNo
HighLowOnOff
TrueFalseLogic 1Logic 0
Hng sBoolean v bin (tt)
Gi tr 0 v 1 trong i sBoolean mang ngha miu t cc trng thi hay mc logic
4
Bng chn tr
Bng chn tr miu t mi quan h giagi tr cc ng vo v ng ra. V d:
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
227/278
5
Biu thc Boolean ca cng ORx = A + B
Cng OR
6
Cng OR (tt)
Ng ra trngthi tch cckhi t nht mtng vo trng thi tchcc.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
228/278
7
IC cng OR 74LS32
8
IC cng OR 74LS32
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
229/278
9
Cng OR (tt)
Cng OR c thc nhiu hn 2 ng vo.
10
V d 3-1
Cng ORc sdng trong mt hthng bo ng.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
230/278
11
V d 3-2
Biu thi gian cho cng OR.
12
V d 3-3
Biu thi gian cho cng OR.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
231/278
13
Biu thc Boolean ca cng ANDx = A * B
Cng AND
14
Cng AND (tt)
Ng ra trngthi tch cckhi tt c ccng vo trng thi tchcc.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
232/278
15
IC cng AND 74LS08
16
Cng AND (tt)
Cng AND c thc nhiu hn 2 ng vo.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
233/278
17
V d 3-4
Biu thi gian cho cng AND.
18
Mch Enable/Disable
Cng AND c sdng lm mt mchkha n gin
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
234/278
19
Cng NOT lun lun ch c mt ng vo Biu thc Boolean ca cng NOT
x = A
Cng NOT
20
IC cng NOT 74LS04
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
235/278
21
IC cng NOT 74LS04
22
Ng ra ca cng NOT xc nh trng thica nt nhn.
V d 3-5
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
236/278
23
Miu t i smch logic
Bt k mch logic no cng c th cxy dng t3 cng logic c bn: AND,OR v NOT.
V d: x = AB + C x = (A+B)C x = (A+B) x = ABC(A+D)
24
V d 3-6
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
237/278
25
V d 3-7
26
V d 3-8
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
238/278
27
Xc nh gi tr ng ra
Cho mch c biu thcx =ABC(A+D) Xc nh gi tr ng ra x khi A=0, B=1,
C=1, D=1 Gi tr ng ra c th c xc nh
28
Thit lp bng chn tr
V d hy thit lp bng chn tr ts mch logic sau y
2INPUTS = Strng thi ng vo23 = 8 trng thi
111011101001110010100
000xCBA
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
239/278
29
Thit lp bng chn tr
111011101 001
110010100000
xCBA
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
101
0011
30
Thit lp mch tbiu thc
Hy thit kmt mch logic c xc nhbi biu thc:y = AC + BC + ABC
Khi mt mch c nh ngha bi biuthc logic, ta c ththit kmch logictrc tip tbiu thc .
Biu thc gm 3 thnh phn OR vi nhau. Ng vo ca cng OR l ng ra ca cc
cng AND
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
240/278
31
Thit lp mch tbiu thc
32
Thit lp mch tbiu thc
V d hy thit lp mch logic cho biuthcx = (A + B)(B + C)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
241/278
33
Biu thc Boolean ca cng NORx = A + B
Cng NOR
34
IC cng NOR 74LS02
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
242/278
35
V d 3-9
Biu thi gian cho cng NOR.
36
Biu thc Boolean ca cng NANDx = A * B
Cng NAND
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
243/278
37
IC cng NAND 74LS00
38
V d 3-10
Biu thi gian cho cng NAND.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
244/278
39
Cc nh l c bn trongi sBoolean
40
Cc nh l n binx * 0 = 0
x * 1 = x
x * x = x
x * x = 0
x + 0 = x
x + 1 = 1
x + x = x
x + x = 1
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
245/278
41
Cc nh l nhiu bin
Lut giao honx * y = y * x
x + y = y + x
Lut kt hp(x * y) * z = x * (y * z)
(x + y) + z = x + (y + z)
42
Cc nh l nhiu bin (tt)
Lut phn phix * (y + z) = xy + xz
(x + y)(w + z) = xw + xz +yw + yz
Lut hon nguynx = x
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
246/278
43
Mt scng thc thng dng
a) x.y + x.y = x
b) x + x.y = x
c) x + x.y = x + y
44
nh l DeMORGAN
nh l DeMORGAN 2 binx.y = x + y
x + y = x.y
nh l DeMorGAN nhiu bin
x.y.z.w = x + y + z + w x + y + z + = x.y.z
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
247/278
45
p dng nh l DeMORGAN
46
p dng nh l DeMORGAN
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
248/278
47
S a nhim ca cng NAND
48
S a nhim ca cng NOR
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
249/278
49
Miu t cng logic
50
Miu t cng logic (tt)
Khi mt ng vo hay ng ra trn cnglogic c k hiu vng trn th ng vo hayng ra c gi l tch cc mc thp.
Trng hp ngc li, khng c vngtrn, th gi l tch cc mc cao.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
250/278
51
Miu t cng logic (tt)
52
Miu t cng logic (tt)
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
251/278
53
Cu hi?
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
252/278
1
Chng 2H thng s
Th.S ng Ngc KhoaKhoa in - in T
2
nh ngha
Mt h thng sbao gm cc k ttrong nh ngha cc php ton cng, tr,nhn, chia.
H c sca mt h thng s l tng ktc trong h thng s .
Trong k thut sc cc h thng ssauy: Binary, Octal, Decimal, Hexa-decimal.
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
253/278
3
nh ngha (tt)
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 9
A, B, C, D, E, F16Hexa-decimal
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 78Octal
0, 12Binary
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 , 910Decimal
Cc k tc trong h thngC sH thng s
4
H thng sthp phn
H thng sthp phn c phn bcctrng snhsau:
. 10-210-1100101102103104
Trng s102Trng s101
Trng s100Trng s10-1
Trng s10-2
Du thp phn
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
254/278
5
V d: phn tch sthp phn 2745.21410
2745.21410 =
(2 x 103) + (7 x 102) + (4 x 101) +
(5 x 100) + (2 x 10-1) + (1 x 10-2) +(4 x 10-3)
H thng sthp phn (tt)
103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3
Du thp phn
412.5472
Most significant digit (MSL) Least significant digit (LSD)
6
H thng snh phn
H thng snh phn c phn bcctrng snhsau:
. 2-22-12021222324
Trng s22Trng s21
Trng s20Trng s2-1
Trng s2-2
Du phn s
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
255/278
7
V d: phn tch snh phn 1011.1012
1011.1012 =
(1 x 23) + (0 x 22) + (1 x 21) +
(1 x 20) + (1 x 2-1) + (0 x 2-2) +(1 x 2-3) =
H thng snh phn (tt)
23 22 21 20 2-1 2-2 2-3
Du phn s
101.1101
Most significant bit (MSB) Least significant bit (LSB)
11.62510
8
Cng hai bit nh phn
Php cng nh phn
1011101
110
000
A + BBA
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
256/278
9
Cng hai snh phn khng du
Php cng nh phn (tt)
(9)1001
(6)+110
(3)11a)
(6.125)110.001
(2.750)+10.110
(3.375)11.011b)
10
Nhn 2 bit nh phn
Php nhn nh phn
111001
010
000
A x BBA
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
257/278
11
Nhn 2 snh phn
Php nhn nh phn
1110
x 1011
1110
1110
0000
1110
10011010
12
Trong trng hp cn thhin du, snh phn sdng 1 bit xc nh du.
Bit ny thng v tru tin
Bit du bng 0 xc nh sdng.
Bit du bng 1 xc nh sm.
Snh phn c du
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
258/278
13
Snh phn 6 bit c du
Snh phn c du
0 1 1 0 1 0 0
A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
Bit du (+) Gi tr = 5210
1 1 1 0 1 0 0
A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0
Bit du (-) Gi tr = -5210
14
Bi trong h nh phn
o lng dung lng ca b nh, nv Kilo, Mega, Giga c sdng
GGiga230
MMega220
KKilo210
K hiun vBi
1073741824
1048576
1024
Gi tr
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
259/278
15
Bi trong h nh phn
V d
/ 230 =
16
H thng sbt phn
H thng sbt phn c phn bcctrng snhsau:
V d: phn tch sbt phn 37283728 = (3 x 82) + (7 x 81) + (2 x 80)= (3 x 64) + (7 x 8) + (2 x 1)
=
. 8-28-18081828384
25010
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
260/278
17
H thng sthp lc phn
H thng sthp lc phn c phn bcctrng snhsau:
V d: phn tch sthp lc phn 3BA163BA16 = (3 x 16
2) + (11 x 161) + (10 x 160)
= (3 x 256) + (11 x 16) + (10 x 1)=
. 16-216-1160161162163164
95410
18
M BCD (Binary coded decimal)
Mi chstrong mt sthp phn cmiu t bng gi tr nh phn tng ng.
Mu chsthp phn s c miu tbng 4 bit nh phn.
0111
7
1000
8
1001
9
0110010101000011001000010000
6543210
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
261/278
19
M BCD
V d hai sthp phn 847 v 943 c miut bi m BCD nhsau:
011101001000
748
001101001001
349
20
So snh BCD v Binary
M BCD sdng nhiu bit hn nhng qutrnh binn i n gin hn
(BCD)0001 0011 011113710=
(Binary)10001001213710=
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
262/278
21
Bng chuyn i
1000 0101F17111115
1000 0100E16111014
1000 0011D15110113
1000 0010C14110012
1000 0001B13101111
1000 0000A12101010
100191110019
100081010008
0111771117
0110661106
0101551015
0100441004
001133113
001022102
000111011
00000000BCDHexadecimalOctalBinaryDecimal
22
Sdng bit Parity pht hin li
Trong qu trnh truyn d liu nh phn,nhiu c thgy nn nhng li trnng truyn.
Phng php n gin pht hin li lsdng bit Parity
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
263/278
23
Sdng bit Parity pht hin li
Trong phng php ny, mt bit m rngs c thm vo, bit m rng c gil bit Parity
24
Sdng bit Parity pht hin li
Gi tr ca bit Parity ph thuc vo phngphp sdng v sbit 1 trong khung dliu. Phng php Parity chn: tng sbit 1 trong
khung d liu (kc bit parity) phi l schn. D liu 1 0 1 1, bit parity thm vo 1 1 0 1 1
Phng php Parity l: tng sbit 1 trongkhung d liu (kc bit parity) phi l s l. D liu 1 1 1 1, bit parity thm vo 1 1 1 1 1
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
264/278
25
Bin i gia cc h c s
Hexadecimal
Decimal Octal
Binary
26
Binary Decimal
Cch thc hin: Nhn mi bit vi trng s2n ca n Cng cc k t qu li vi nhau
Binary Decimal
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
265/278
27
Binary Decimal (tt)
V d: bin i (10101101)2 sang thp phn
Binary 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
Gi tr
xxxxxxxx
2021222324252627
128 + 32 + 8 + 4 + 1Kt qu
17310
28
Decimal Binary
Cch thc hin: Chia 2 ly phn d Sd u tin l bit LSB (least significant bit) Sdcui cng l bit MLB (most significant bit)
Decimal Binary
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
266/278
29
Decimal Binary
V d: bin i 6710 sang nh phnBc 1: 67 / 2 = 33 d1Bc 2: 33 / 2 = 16 d1Bc 3: 16 / 2 = 8 d0Bc 4: 8 / 2 = 4 d0Bc 5: 4 / 2 = 2 d0Bc 6: 2 / 2 = 1 d0Bc 7: 1 / 2 = 0 d1
1 0 0 0 0 1 12
30
Octal Binary
Cch thc hin: Bin mi k tstrong Octal thnh 3 bit nh
phn tng ng.
Octal Binary
111110101100011010001000Binary
76543210Octal
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
267/278
31
Octal Binary (tt)
Bin i 4728 sang h nh phn
Bin i 54318 sang h nh phn010111100
274
001011100101
1345
1011000110012
1001110102
32
Hexa Binary
Cch thc hin: Bin mi k ts
trong Hexa thnh 4 bitnh phn tng ng.
111115F
111014E
110113D
110012C
101111B
101010A
100199
100088
011177
011066
010155
010044
001133
001022
000111
000000
BinaryDecimalHexa
Hexa
Binary
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
268/278
33
Hexa Binary (tt)
Bin i 47C16 sang h nh phn
Bin i 10AF16 sang h nh phn110001110100
C74
1111101000000001
FA01
10000101011112
100011111002
34
Decimal Octal
Cch thc hin: Chia 8 ly phn d Sd u tin l LSD (least significant digit) Sdcui cng l MLD (most significant digit)
Decimal Octal
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
269/278
35
Decimal Octal (tt)
V d: bin i 123410 sang bt phnBc 1: 1234 / 8 = 154 d2Bc 2: 154 / 8 = 19 d2Bc 3: 19 / 8 = 2 d3Bc 4: 2 / 8 = 0 d2
2 3 2 28
36
Decimal Hexa
Cch thc hin: Chia 16 ly phn d Sd u tin l LSD (least significant digit) Sdcui cng l MLD (most significant digit)
Decimal Hexa
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
270/278
37
Decimal Hexa (tt)
V d: bin i 466010 sang thp lc phnBc 1: 4660 / 16 = 291 d4Bc 2: 291 / 16 = 18 d3Bc 3: 18 / 16 = 1 d2Bc 4: 1 / 16 = 0 d1
1 2 3 416
38
Binary Octal
Cch thc hin: Bt u tbn tri, nhm snh phn thnh
cc nhm 3 bit
Bin i mi nhm 3 bit thnh mt sOctal
Binary Octal
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
271/278
39
Binary Octal (tt)
V d: bin i 10110101112 sang Octal
13278
1 011 010 111
10110101112 =
7231
40
Binary Hexa
Cch thc hin: Bt u tbn tri, nhm snh phn thnh
cc nhm 4 bit
Bin i mi nhm 4 bit thnh mt sHexa
Binary Hexa
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai Niem Mo Dau 1716
272/278
41
Binary Hexa (tt)
V d: bin i 101011010101110011010102sang Hexa
56AE6A16
101 0110 1010 1110 0110 1010
101011010101110011010102 =
A6EA65
42
Octal Hexa
Cch thc hin: Bin i sOctal thnh sBinary Bin i sBinary thnh sHexa
Octal Hexa
-
7/29/2019 Chuong 01 Mot So Khai