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Condizioni aerobiche
RESPIRAZIONE CELLULARE
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Decarbossilazione ossidativa di un α-chetoacido
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Acido lipoico
Acido diidrolipoico
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Enzima Abbreviazione Gruppo prostetico
Piruvato deidrogenasi
E1 Tiamina pirofosfato (TPP)
Diidrolipoil transacetilasi
E2 Acido lipoico
Diidrolipoil deidrogenasi
E3 FAD
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α
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Piruvato
Acetil-CoA
lipoillisina ridotta
lipoillisina ossidata
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intermedio radicalico
anello isoallossazinico
Flavin adenin dinucleotide (FAD) flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
FADH2
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Acetil-CoA Ossalacetato Citrato
1
citrato sintasi
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1
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Citrato cis-Aconitato Isocitrato
aconitasi aconitasi
2
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Isocitrato α-Chetoglutarato
3
isocitrato deidrogenasi
Mn2+
β
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β
6-fosfo gluconato
deidrogenasi
6-fosfo gluconato
β
Ribulosio 5-fosfato
Decarbossilazione ossidativa di un β-OH-acido
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α-Chetoglutarato Succinil-CoA
complesso dell’ α-chetoglutarato
deidrogenasi
4 Decarbossilazione ossidativa di un α-chetoacido
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Si ottiene solo questo prodotto
isocitrato α-chetoglutarato
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Succinil-CoA Succinato
Fosforilazione a livello del substrato
5
succinil-CoA sintetasi
ADP o
ATP o
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Succinil fosfato legato all’enzima
Succini-CoA sintetasi
5
Succinil-CoA
HSCoA
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Succinil fosfato legato all’enzima
Succinato
Fosfoenzima
5
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Succinato
Fosfoenzima
5
o ADP
o ATP
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GTP + ADP GDP + ATP
ΔG’° = 0
Nucleoside difosfato chinasi
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Succinato Fumarato
6
succinato deidrogenasi
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Malonato Succinato
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Fumarato L-Malato
7
fumarasi
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L-Malato Ossalacetato
8
malato deidrogenasi
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Bilancio energetico
• Glucosio 2 Piruvato 2 ATP 2 NADH 5 ATP
• 2Piruvato 2 AcetilCoA 2 NADH 5 ATP • 2AcetilCoA 4 CO2 6 NADH 15 ATP
2 FADH2 3 ATP 2 ATP
32 ATP
Glicolisi
Ciclo di Krebs
32 x 30.5 kJ/mole = 976 kJ/mole 976 2840
Piruvato DH
x 100 = 34 %
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piruvato carbossilasi Piruvato + HCO3
- + ATP
ossalacetato + GTP
Piruvato + HCO3- + NADPH + H+ malato + NADP+
PEP carbossichinasi
enzima malico
Reazioni anaplerotiche
ossalacetato + ADP + Pi
Fosfoenolpiruvato + CO2 + GDP
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Malato Piruvato
enzima malico
β
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anabolismo
catabolismo
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Acetil-CoA
Complesso della piruvato deidrogenasi
ATP, Acetil-CoA, NADH, acidi grassi AMP, CoA, NAD+, Ca2+
Piruvato
Regolazione della piruvato deidrogenasi
[NADH] [ATP] [NAD+] [ADP]
[AcetilCoA] [HSCoA]
ADP + ADP ATP + AMP adenilato chinasi
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E1
CH2OH
Forma attiva
E1
CH2O-Pi
Forma inattiva
Proteina Fosfatasi
Proteina Chinasi
H2O
Pi ATP
ADP
ATP
Regolazione della piruvato deidrogenasi
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2acetil-CoA + NAD+ succinato + 2HSCoA + NADH + H+
acetilCoA + ossalacetato citrato + HSCoA
Ciclo del gliossilato
Citrato isocitrato
isocitrato succinato + gliossilato
gliossilato + acetilCoA malato + HSCoA
malato + NAD+ ossalacetato + NADH + H+
citrato sintasi
aconitasi
citrato liasi
malato sintasi
malato deidrogenasi
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