Download - Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Enunciado de Clausius
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Enunciado de Kelvin - Planck
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Os corolários de Carnot
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo de Carnot somente com gás
p
v
2 3
1 4
p
v
2 3
1 4
p
v
2 3
1 4
p
v
2 3
1 4
p1V1k=p2V2
k
p3V3k=p4V4
kp2V2=p3V3 p4V4=p1V1
pdvW
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo de Carnot em um sistema com mudança de fase
pdvW
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo de Carnot - Eficiênciapara máquina térmica
HQW
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo de Carnot: Diagrama T-s
• Carnot's Ideal Engine: The Carnot Cycle.• Hot (A to B) slow isothermal expansion. The
hot gas performs work and receives a quantity of heat T1 DS.
• Cooling (B to C) adiabatic expansion. The gas keeps working without any exchange of heat.
• Cold (C to D) slow isothermal compression. The cold gas receives work and gives off (wasted) heat T0 DS.
• Heating (D to A) adiabatic compression from outside work (flywheel) returns the gas to the initial hot state A.
home.att.net/~numericana/answer
QH-QC
TdSQrev
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
A escala Kelvin de temperatura Ciclo de Carnot
Máquina térmica Refrigeração Bomba de calor
Carnot
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclos a Vapor para Geração de PotênciaCICLO DE RANKINE
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O subsistema A
turbinabomba
H
liq
WdeW
hhhhhh
Q
W
%2
41
3421
Rendimento Rankine
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ou alternativamente
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32
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Q
Q
Q
Q
W
Q
C
H
C
H
CH
H
liq
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo Rankine ideal
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Efeito das pressões p1 e p2
Carnot
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo com superaquecimento e reaquecimento
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclos regenerativos
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclos regenerativos
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclos regenerativos
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclos de Sistemas com Turbinas a Gás
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O sistema simples de turbina a gás ciclo Brayton
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
people.bath.ac.uk/cjc25/year1assignment.htm
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Esquemas de funcionamento
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo Brayton
1
2 3
4
turbcomp WdoaW %8040
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
23
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1
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Q
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H
L
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LH
H
líq
(considerando gás ideal)
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Influência da razão p2/p1 sobre a eficiência
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Irreversibilidades no ciclo simples de TG
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo regenerativo de TG
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo regenerativo com reaquecimento e resfriamento intermediário
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo Otto
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo Otto
www.castrol.com/castrol www.mailxmail.com/curso/vida/motoresdecombustion
www.martinoauto.it
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo ideal Otto
1:2 Compressão isoentrópica 3:4 Expansão isoentrópica2:3 Calor transf. p/ o ar a vol. const. 4:1 Rejeição de calor do ar a vol. Const.
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo real
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
• www.reycomotor.com/Reyco/Dana
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
www.lightandmatter.com/.../0sn/ch05/ch05.html
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Rendimento térmico do ciclo Otto
members.aol.com/engware/cycles.htm
v
pkvOtto
v
vOtto
cc
kr
TTmcTTmc
;1
1
1
23
14
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
• Detonação• Chumbo tetraetil• Turbo ? O que acontece com o ?
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
Ciclo Diesel
www.britannica.com/ebc/art-19423
Animação http://www.turbosquid.com/FullPreview/Index.cfm/ID/211223
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
O ciclo ideal Diesel
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
members.aol.com/engware/cycles.htm
111
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4
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cortederazãorvv
rr
vv
rexpansãodetaxa
vv
rcompressãoderazão
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Curso de Termodinâmica Aplicada
• www.mspc.eng.br/termo/termod3D.asp