Download - Dyspnea
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DYSPNEATeguh Surya Jaya | 0712010014
Clarissa Yudakusuma | 07120100022
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DEFINISI• Dyspnea– Pengalaman subjektif ketidaknyamanan
bernafas yang terdiri atas sensasi kualitatif yang bervariasi dalam intensitas.
- American Throracic Society
• Hipoksia– Defisiensi oksigen dalam darah, diukur
menggunakan pulse oxymetry (SpO2)
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DEFINISI• Tachypnea– RR yang melebihi normal (>18-20x/min)
• Hiperventilasi– Keadaan pernafasan cepat dan dalam
yg dapat terjadi akibat kecemasan atau histeria
– AGD biasanya menunjukkan PO2 normal dengan PCO2 rendah + pH tinggi
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DIAGNOSIS BANDINGKARDIAK PULMONER LAIN-LAIN
• PPOK• Asma• OSA• Pneumonia• Interstitial Lung
Disease• Emboli Paru• Pneumotoraks• Efusi pleura• Deformitas dinding
toraks• Hipertensi pulmoner• Benda asing
• ACS/AMI• Gagal jantung• Efusi / tamponade
perikardial• Perikarditis• Endokarditis• Aritmia• Perikarditis• Penyakit katup
jantung• Diseksi aorta
• Anemia• Anxiety• Asites• Pankreatitis akut• Asidosis• Iatrogenik / obat-
obatan• Gangguan otot
dan/atau pernafasan
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TATALAKSANA(Dalam 10 menit pertama)
1. Oksigen suplemental
2. TTV + pulse oxymetry
3. Tentukan perlu/tidaknya intubasi
4. Akses IV, lab, AGD
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TATALAKSANA(Dalam 10 menit pertama)
5. Foto toraks PA (bila memungkinkan)
6. EKG (bila curiga etiologi kardiak)
7. Anamnesa singkat & pemeriksaan
fisik
8. Terapi sesuai diagnosis awal
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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK• TTV:– RR, Nadi, TD, Suhu, Sat O2
• Kesadaran• Umum:– Sianosis– Penggunaan otot pernapafasan aksesoris– Dapat/tidak berbicara dalam kalimat lengkap
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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK• Jantung:– Suara jantung: rate, irama, S3/S4, murmur– JVP
• Paru:– Suara nafas: ada/tdk di seluruh LP–Wheezing, ronchi
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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
• Abdomen:– Hepatomegali– Asites
• Kulit:– Diaforesis– Sianosis
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PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
• Ekstremitas:– Edema– Pembengkakan tungkai bawah unilateral
• Neurologis:– Defisit neurologis fokal
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PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
• X-ray thorax
• Elektrokardiografi
• Screening Spirometry
• AGD
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PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG
• Laboratorium: darah lengkap, pemeriksaan fungsi ginjal, BNP, enzim jantung
• Pemeriksaan tambahan (bila perlu):– PE protocol CT vs. V/Q scan– Transthoracic echo
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS
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DIAGNOSIS