Download - Echoes of the Big Bang
ECHOES OF THE BIG BANG
CAROLIN CRAWFORDGRESHAM PROFESSOR OF ASTRONOMY
NASA, ESA
Stephen Leshin
Stephen Leshin
Edwin Hubble
Stephen Leshin
UVX-rays micro-wave
radioIR
long wavelength
γ-rays
short wavelength
space-exploratorium.com
Georges Lemaitre
THE ‘PRIMEVAL ATOM’
THE ‘BIG BANG’
Fred Hoyle
COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLEThe Universe is isotropic and
homogeneous Georges Lemaitre Fred Hoyle
NASA/ESA/Illingworth et al
Maddox et al
SDSS / Blanton
NASA/ESA
1.8 billion years
NASA/NOAA/GSFC/Suomi NPP/VIIRS/Norman Kuring
1.8 billion years 3-4 billion years
NASA/ESA/Illingworth et al
COSMOLOGICAL PRINCIPLEThe Universe is isotropic and
homogeneous…in time as well as space
RADIO SOURCE NUMBER COUNTS
Steady State UniverseTime and place are unimportantThe distant Universe resembles the local
Big Bang UniverseTime is important; the Universe changes and
evolvesThe distant Universe is younger than the local
Observed distant radio sources as they were in the past
count numbers of radio sources at different brightnesses
Martin Ryle
ESO/M Kornmesser
George Gamow
THE ORIGIN OF THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTSNASA/ESA/Nota
NASA/ESA
THE HELIUM PROBLEM
THE DISCOVERY OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
Arno Penzias & Robert Wilson
Wavelength (cm)
Inte
nsity
0.03 0.3 3 30 300
NASA
Wavelength (cm)
Inte
nsity
0.03 0.3 3 30 300
NASA
COBE 1989
FIRAS
NASA
Wavelength (cm)
Inte
nsity
0.03 0.3 3 30 300
NASA
FIRAS
NASA
ANISOTROPIESCOBE
DMR
NASA
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS = DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS
COBE
• John Mather George Smoot
NASA
Fermilab
THE FLATNESS PROBLEM
THE HORIZON PROBLEM
Addison Wesley
THE HORIZON PROBLEM
Addison Wesley
Fermilab
Radiation-dominated era
CMBR
Fermilab
Radiation-dominated era
CMBRbaryon-radiation fluid
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS = DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS NASA
ordinary matter pulls together under gravity
radiation pressure of photons pushes outwards
dark matter clusters under gravity
W Hu
the ordinary (baryonic) matter bounces to create oscillations in the density
TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS = DENSITY FLUCTUATIONS NASA
WMAP Hinshaw et al
THE POWER SPECTRUM
BOOMERanG experiment
BOOMERanG experiment
BOOMERanG experiment
WMAP 2001
NASA
COBEWMAP
NASA
WMAP Hinshaw et al
Total matter content (curvature of space)
Ordinary matter
Dark + ordinary matter
Dark energy
Ωtotal
Ωbaryons
ΩΛ
Ωmass
Hu & Dodelson
ESO
WMAP
4.6 % ordinary matter24 % dark matter71.4 % dark energy
age of Universe 13.772±0.059 billion years
V
NASA/JPL-Caltech/ESA
ESA / Planck collaboration
WMAP PLANCK
ESA / Planck collaboration
WMAP
4.6 % ordinary matter24 % dark matter71.4 % dark energy
age of Universe 13.772±0.059 billion years
PLANCK
4.9 % ordinary matter26.8 % dark matter69 % dark energy
NASA / WMAP Science team
HOW THE EARTH MOVESWED 3RD APRIL 1PM