Download - ERG Theory
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Presented By: Swetha Didela (15)
Riddhi Dave (13)Rajesh Chauhan (10)
Parth Dave (12)
ERG THEORY OF
MOTIVATION
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What is Motivation???
The processes that account for an individualsintensity, direction, and persistence of efforttoward attaining a goal.
Key Elements
1. Intensity: how hard a person tries2. Direction: toward beneficial goal
3. Persistence: how long a person tries
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ERG THEORY
Clayton Paul Alderferborn
September 1, 1940
in Pennsylvania isan American psychologist w
ho further
developed Maslow's
hierarchy of needs bycategorizing the hierarchy
into his ERG theory
(Existence, Relatedness
and Growth).
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ERG THEORY (Continued..)
To bring Maslows need hierarchy theory
of motivation in synchronization with
empirical research, Clayton Alderferredefined it in his own terms.
His rework is called as ERG theory ofmotivation.
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ERG THEORY (Continued..)
He recategorized Maslows hierarchy of
needs into three simpler and broader
classes of needs:
Existence needs
Relatedness needsGrowth needs
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Relationship of Maslows hierarchy to E.R.G.
Theory.
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ERG THEORY (Continued..)
Existence needs:
These include need for basic material
necessities. In short, it includes anindividuals physiological and physical
safety needs.
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ERG THEORY (Continued..)
Relatedness needs:
These include the aspiration individuals
have for maintaining significantinterpersonal relationships (be it with
family, peers or superiors), getting public
fame and recognition. Maslows socialneeds and external component of
esteem needs fall under this class of
need.
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ERG THEORY (Continued..)
Growth needs:
These include need for self-
development and personal growth andadvancement. Maslows self-
actualization needs and intrinsic
component of esteem needs fall underthis category of need.
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ERG THEORY (Continued..)
Terms related to ERG Theory:
Satisfaction-progression: move upthe hierarchy as needs are satisfied
Frustration-regression: move down
the hierarchy when a need is frustrated
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Difference between Maslow Need Hierarchy
Theory andAlderfersERG Theory
ERG Theory states that at a given point
of time, more than one need may be
operational.
ERG Theory also shows that if the
fulfilment of a higher-level need issubdued, there is an increase in desire
for satisfying a lower-level need.
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According to Maslow, an individual remains at
a particular need level until that need is
satisfied. While according to ERG theory, if a higher-
level need aggravates, an individual may
revert to increase the satisfaction of a lower-
level need.
This is called frustration- regression aspect of
ERG theory.
For instance- when growth need aggravates,then an individual might be motivated to
accomplish the relatedness need and if there
are issues in accomplishing relatedness
needs, then he might be motivated by the
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While Maslowsneed hierarchy theory is
rigid as it assumes that the needs follow
a specific and orderly hierarchy andunless a lower-level need is satisfied, an
individual cannot proceed to the higher-
level need. ERG Theory of motivation is very
flexible as he perceived the needs as a
range/variety rather than perceivingthem as a hierarchy.
According to Alderfer, an individual can
work on growth needs even if his
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Implications of the ERG Theory
Although not fully tested, ERG theory
seems to explain the dynamics of
human needs in organizations
reasonably well. It provides a less rigid explanation of
employee needs than Maslows
hierarchy. Human needs cluster more neatly
around the three categories proposed by
Alderfer than the five categories in
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The combined processes of satisfaction-
progression and frustration-regressionalso provide a more accurate
explanation of why employee needs
change over time.
Overall, it seems to come closest to
explaining why employees haveparticular needs at various times.
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Any Questions???