Page 1 of 26
^^esjsihNspysvkvks**
opudksckaVks]Hkkx&1
MkWñMsfoMIyWV
vkb,geviuh&viuhckbcy[kksysavkSjeÙkhjfprlqlekpkjdkv/;k;4fudkyysaA
czqdfgYldhdyhfl;kesaikLVjcuusijgekjseu&efLr"desanksckrsaeq[;Fkha
vkSj ge tkurs Fks fd ijes'oj gekjh vxqokbZ dj jgk gSA gekjs eu esa] gekjh
çkFkZukvksa esa vkSj gekjs efLr"d esa dsoy nks gh ckrsa eq[; FkhaA igyh]
LFkkuh;dyhfl;kesa ijes'ojdsopudkçpkjAopudk loksZPpLFkkugks]mldk
LFkkudsUnzesagksoju~opuijghlcdqNvk/kkfjrgksrFkkopuijghlcdqN
ifjØekdjrkgksvkSjgeopuesarFkkLFkkuh;dyhfl;kesa ijes'ojdhefgekdks
ns[ksa\geopu ijeuugksrkns[kusdhdkeukdjrsgSaAnwljhckr]dyhfl;kds
fe'kudkslclsvkxsoju~dsUnzesans[kusdhvfHkyk"kkA
D;kgksrkgStclalk/kuvFkkZr~LFkkuh;dyhfl;kdslnL;mlfe'kulsokdksiwjk
djusdsfy,mRlkfgrfd,tk,aftldsfy,gel`tsx,gSa\gefiNysN%efgus;k,do"kZij
/;kunsavkSjns[ksafdijes'ojD;kdjjgkgSoju~fiNyslIrkgdhesjh;k=kesagh
eSaus lHkkvksa esa ns[kk fd euq";ksa esa opu dh Hkw[k gS] LFkkuh;
dyhfl;kvksaesaopudhHkw[kgSAgeblrF;ijHkhfopkjdjsafdgt+kjksaeuq";]
bllIrkglalkjesagekjslkFkopuesavkjk/kukdjsaxsD;ksafdopuHkykgSAbl
çdkjLFkkuh;dyhfl;kdkfe'ku&lctkfr;ksaesaf'k";cukvks&tksrqPNle>dj,d
vksjdjfn;kx;kgS;kHkqyk;ktkpqdkgS]dsUnzdkLFkkuysysrkgSA
fiNysuoEcjeSaU;wvkWjyhUlesa lsodkbZdsvxqvksadh lHkkesa f'k{kkns
jgk FkkA esjk fo"k; Fkk] f'k"; cukus ds }kjk elhg dh efgek ds fufeÙk lalkj ij
Page 2 of 26
çHkkoMkyukA eSa tkurk rks Fkk ijUrq f'k{k.k l= ds e/; eq>s vdLekr gh ;g
cks/kgqvkfdf'k";cukukD;kgSAeq>sbldkKkughughaFkktcfdvf/kdka'ktu
BhdesjslkeusghcSBsFksA;fnvkifdlhlHkkesa;gç'uiwNsa]^^f'k";dSlscuk,
tkrs gSa\** rks esjs fopkj esa vkidks vusd mÙkj lquus dks feysaxsA yksx
vkidks[kkyhfuxkgksals?kwjjgsgksaxsA;gijes'ojdsjkT;dsdsUnzdhvkKk
gS]^^lctkfr;ksadsf'k";cukvks**AvkSj;fn,slhckrgSrksgesatkuukgksxkfd
ge;gdkedSlsdjsaAgesa;gHkhtkuukgksxkfdbldkvFkZD;kgSA
vr%vfxzeN%lIrkgksaesagetksdjsaxsog;ggSfdge/keZ'kkL=dkv/;;udjds
ns[ksafdelhgdkf'k";gksukD;kgSvkSjf'k";cukukD;kgSAgeblsO;ogkjkRed
:iesans[ksaxsftllsfdczqdfgYldhdyhfl;kdsfy,dgktk,fdgekjhlaiw.kZlsokdk
dsUnz f'k"; fuekZ.k gS vkSj ge tkurs gSa fd ;g dSls djsaA vki ç'u iwNsa vkSj
vkidksckbcyvk/kkfjrmÙkjfeysxk&;ghfof/kgSAgesavktcgqrv/;;udjukgSA
elhg f'k"; gksus dk vfHkçk; D;k gS\ ge bldk ltho o.kZu ns[ksaxs vkSj
vk/kkjHkwrppkZHkhdjsaxs&,df'k";D;kgS\;gv/;;ugekjsvxysv/;;uksadk
vkSjf'k";cukusdsvFkZdkvkjafHkdv/;;ugSAgekjsfy,;gtkuukvko';dgSfd,d
f'k";D;kgSAu;s fu;eesavki^^f'k";**¼psys½'kCndks269ckj ik,axsAbldh
rqyuk esa ;fn vki elhgh 'kCn dh [kkst djsa rks mls dsoy rhu ckj gh ik,axsA
^^f'k";**'kCnckj&ckjvk;kgSAf'k";D;kgS\u;kfu;e^^f'k";**dhppkZdjrsgq,
bl'kCndksfofHkUuifjçs{;ksaesadkeesaysrkgSAeSabldsrhuoxks±ijvkidk
/;kudsfUnzrdjukpkgrkgwaAtcvkiu;sfu;eesa^^f'k";**'kCndksns[krsgSa
rkslclsigysogvkeJksrkvksalslanfHkZrHkhgksrkgS&tulewgelhg;h'kqds
ihNspyrkFkkvkSjmldhf'k{kkvksadkslqurkFkkA
Page 3 of 26
bllsdqNvkSjxgjkbZesapysarksvkins[ksaxsfddqNeuq";ksadksmldsf'k";
dgkx;kgStksvf/kdrjosgSatkslqudjmldhckrsaLohdkjdjrsFksvFkkZr~os
vkeJksrkx.klsfHkUuFksAosmldhf'k{kkvksaijfo'okldjrsFksAmldsKkudk
yksgkekursFksA
bllsvf/kdxgjkbZesa ,dvkSjpj.kgS tksurksvke JksrkgSa]vkSjugh f'k{kk
Lohdkj djus okys Jksrk gSa] os gSa & vkthou lefiZr f'k{kkFkhZ ,oa vuq;k;h
ftUgsau;sfu;eesa^^psys**dgkx;kgSAlclsjkspdckrrks;ggSfdtcgeu;sfu;e
esa f'k";ksa ;k psyksa dks ns[krs gSa rks f'k"; dgykus okyksa esa vf/kdka'k
la[;k igysnksoxZdhgS&vke JksrkvkSj f'k{kkLohdkjdjusokys Jksrk& ,sls
gt+kjksa vuq;k;h gSa ijUrq tc vki rhljs pj.k ij vkrs gSa vkSj vkthou lefiZr
f'k{kkFkhZ ,oa vuq;kf;;ksa dks ns[krs gSa rks og lewg vR;f/kd NksVk gSA
mnkgj.k]çsfjrksadsdkev/;k;,ddsiniUnzgesafy[kkgSfdtc;h'kqbli`Fohls
LoxZ esa pyk x;k rc mlds dsoy 120 f'k"; gh 'ks"k jgs FksA bl i`Foh ij mlds
gt+kjksavuq;k;hFksijUrqdsoy120tughmldhvkKkekudjdkedjusdsfy,Fks
&vkthoulefiZrf'k{kkFkhZ,oavuq;k;hA;gu;sfu;edkn`';gSA
vc eSa vkils ,d ç'u iwNrk gwa] ^^dyhfl;k ds lnL;ksa dh la[;k fdl oxZ esa lcls
vf/kdgS\**esjsfopkjesaigysnksoxks±esaAeSaiwjsfo'okllsdgldrkgwafd
tcbl'kCn^^f'k";**dhckrvkrhgSrccgqla[;kvFkkZr~dfFkrelhghtu;krksvke
Jksrkx.kesavkrsgSatks;h'kqdsihNspysaxs;kdyhfl;kdslkFkgksaxs;kfQjos
;h'kq dks ,d vPNk f'k{kd Lohdkj djus okys Jksrkvksa ds oxZ esa vkrs gSaA
vf/kdka'kelhghtu;h'kqdksoSlkLohdkjdjysrsgSatSlkmlusdgkoggS&;s
dgykrsgSa]LohdkjdjusokysJksrkAos;h'kqdhf'k{kkdksekU;ekudjLohdkj
djdsghlUrq"VgSaAtcvkivkthoulefiZrf'k{kkFkhZ,oavuq;k;hdsfopkjijvkrs
gSarksfo'okfl;ksadhla[;kcgqrdegkstkrhgSA
Page 4 of 26
esjkfo'oklrks;ggSfdgeus,slhifjfLFkfrjphgSfdgeusdyhfl;kesaf'k";rkdks
,SfPNdcukfn;kgSA;h'kqdklPpk,oalefiZrvuqlj.k]bldkvFkZ,oabldsvfHkçk;
dhxgjhuhao ,d lrghelhgh}kjkrqPNtkuhx;hgSAgekjse/;cgqrde f'k";gSa
ijUrqgeusdelsdeblslaHkorkscukfn;kgSAvktgeus,slkokrkoj.kjpfn;kgSfd
uke ds elhgh cu tkuk gh cgqr gS] f'k"; u cusa rks pysxkA geus f'k";rk dks
vFkkZr~ ;h'kq dk lPpk vuqlj.k ,oa xaHkhj HkfDr dks vuns[kk dj fn;k gSA vc
elhghtugksuklaHkogSftlesathoudsHkhrjls;kf'k";rkdsç;klesamUufrugha
dscjkcjgSA
vkttcdyhfl;kesavko';drkdkç'uvkrkgSrksdyhfl;kdhvkfRednqcZyrkvkSj
vfodkl çdV gksrs gSa vkSj eq>s iwjk fo'okl gS fd ;g vko';drk vkfFkZd lalk/ku
c<+kus dh ugha gSA ;g vf/kdkj dh vf/kdrk ugha gSA ;g vf/kd lEeku dhHkh
ughagSA;glnL;rkc<+kusdhHkhughagSA;gf'k";c<+kusdhHkhughagSA;g
jktuhfrdçHkkoesavf/kdrkdhHkhughagSAeq>siwjkfo'oklgSfdvktdyhfl;k
dh lcls cM+h vko';drk gS] ,sls L=h] iq#"k vkSj fo|kfFkZ;ksa dhA tks elhg esa
fo'okldjsavkSjmlsxysyxk,avkSj,slsf'k";cusaftudhifjHkk"kk/keZ'kkL=gesa
nsrkgSAesjsfopkjesa;gfdlh ,ddyhfl;kdhughalaiw.kZfo'oO;kihdyhfl;kdh
vko';drkgSAeSatkurkgwafd;gckrvklkuughagSA
esjs fopkj esa MWyl foykMZ us mfpr gh dgk gS] ^^viuh leLr ân; fonkjd
vko';drkvksadslkFkfo'odsle{keq[;fo"k;;ggSfdostksek=vaxhdkj;kukels
elhgh tu gSa ;fn elhg ;h'kq ds f'k";] fo|kFkhZ] çf'k{kkFkhZ] lsod cu tk,a &
vFkkZr~mlls/khjs&/khjslh[ksafdLoxZdsjkT;dkthouçR;sdifjçs{;esadSls
th,aAD;kosviuhdyhfl;kvksalsfudydjmldhdyhfl;kcusaxs]i`FohijHkykbZds
fy,mldh 'kfDr'kkyh lsuk cusaxs vkSj ijes'oj ds vuUrmn~ns'; ds fufeÙk vius
Page 5 of 26
ihNs dyhfl;kvksa dks vkdf"kZr djsaxs\ blls c<+dj vU; dksbZ Hkh egÙoiw.kZ
fo"k;fdlheuq";dsle{kughagSA**
ijes'ojdsopudsvf/kdkjijvk/kkfjrckrtkseSavktvkilsdgukpkgrkgwaog;g
gSfdeSamldyhfl;kdkvaxgksukpkgrkgwatkselhgdhefgekdsfy,elhgdh
HkykbZdsfufeÙklalkjdksçHkkfordjukpkgrkgSAeSafo'okfl;ksadhmlnsg
dkvaxgksukpkgrkgwatksviuselhgdsvaxhdkjesavk'oLrghugksa]vkthou
lefiZr f'k{kkFkhZ ,oa vuq;k;h gksa tksmls xys yxk, vkSjmls laiw.kZ lalkj esa
çpkjdjsA
lclsigysgesabldkvFkZle>ukgSvkSj;gHkhtkuukgSfd;h'kqdkf'k";gksusdk
ewY;D;kgSAeÙkhv/;k;4[kksysavkSjin18ns[ksaAesjsfopkjesa;gx|ka'k,d
loZifjfpr x|ka'k gSA esjh çkFkZuk gS fd ijes'oj bl x|ka'k ds egku lR;ksa dks
ns[kusvkSjle>usdsfy,gekjsKkup{kq[kksysA
in18i<+sa%
^^xyhydh>hydsfdukjsfQjrsgq,mlusnksHkkb;ksavFkkZr~'kekSutksirjl
dgykrkgS]vkSjmldsHkkbZvfUnz;kldks>hyesatkyMkyrsns[kk]D;ksafdos
eNosFksA;h'kqusmulsdgk]^esjsihNspysvkvks]rkseSarqedkseuq";ksa
dsidM+usokyscukÅaxkAosrqjUrtkydksNksM+djmldsihNsgksfy,A**
;gigyhckjughaFkkfdbUgksauss;h'kqdksns[kkFkkAvusdtulksprsgSafd
;wgUukdkigykvè;k;buyksxksadk;h'kqlslk{kkrdkjdjokrkgSAvr%;gnwljh
;k rhljh ckj gS fd bUgksaus ;h'kq dks ns[kkA bl ckj ;h'kq vkdjmuls dgrk gS
^^esjsihNspysvkvks**bu'kCnksaesagesaf'k";gksusdkHksnle>esavkrk
gSA
Page 6 of 26
;h'kq ds ihNs gks ysus dk vFkZD;k gS\ bldk igyk vFkZ gS] ;h'kq ds fy, vius
efgekUou dk R;kxA bl Hksn dks le>us ds fy, ge eÙkh 4%18 vkSj vkxs ds in
ns[ksaxsA vr% esjs lkFk in 12 ns[ksa tgka ;h'kq }kjk bu nksuksa ds lkFk
lgHkkfxrkdjusdhHkwfedkesagesayk;kx;kgSA
eÙkh4%12esafy[kkgS%
^^tcmlus ;g lquk fd ;wgUukcUnhcuk fy;kx;kgS] rksogxyhydkspykx;kA
vkSjogukljrdksNksM+djdQjugweesa]tks>hydsfdukjstcwywuvkSjuIrkyh
dsns'kesagSa]tkdjjgusyxk(rkfdtks;'kk;kgHkfo";}Drkds}kjkdgkx;kFkk
ogiwjkgks%^tksyksxva/kdkjesacSBsFks]mUgksauscM+hT;ksfrns[kh(
vkSjtkse`R;qdsns'kvkSjNk;kesacSBsFks]muijT;ksfrpedhA**
vcin17ij/;kunsa]^^mlle;ls;h'kqusçpkjdjukvkSj;gdgukvkjaHkfd;k]^eu
fQjkvksaD;ksafdLoxZdkjkT;fudVvk;kgSA**gesatksrF;le>ukgSoggS]elhg
dh lsok dk vkjaHkA blh v/;k; ds vkjaHk esamldh ijh{kk yh xbZ FkhAmlus
ijh{kkvksaijt;ikbZvkSjviuhlsokvkjaHkdhAvkjaHklsghmldseq[kls,dckr
fudy jgh Fkh] ^^eu fQjkvksa D;ksafd LoxZ dk jkT; fudV vk x;k gSA** ;g
okD;ka'k] ^^LoxZ dk jkT;** ;k ^^ijes'oj dk jkT;** eÙkh jfpr lqlekpkj esa
ckj&ckj] yxkrkj vk;k gSA ;g fdlh LFkku fo'ks"k dk jkT; ugha gSA ;g ijes'oj dh
çHkqrk dk 'kklu] jkt vkSj vf/kdkj gS tgka mldh çHkqrk vkSj mlds jkT; dks
Lohdkj fd;k tkrk gSA laiw.kZ eÙkh jfpr lqlekpkj esa blh fo"k; ij /;kudsfUnzr
fd;kx;kgSA
vc ç'u ;g gS] ^^elhg dh efgek gsrq vki xaHkhj R;kx dSls djsaxs\** eSa pkgrk
gwafdvki,dckrij/;kunsa]fdtctc^^jkT;**dhppkZdhxbZgSrcrc,degku
ewY;pqdkus] ,degkuR;kxvkSj jktkdsfy, tkunsusdhHkhppkZdhxbZgSA
Page 7 of 26
esjslkFkvkxspfy,vkSjv/;k;5[kksfy,AeÙkhdslqlekpkjo`ÙkkUresavkitgka
tgka ^^jkT;** 'kCn ns[ksa] ml ij xksyk cuk nhft,A eSa vkidks R;kx vkSj
vkReR;kxtksbldslkFktqM+sgq,gSa]mUgsafn[kkukpkgrkgwaA
eÙkh5%3ns[ksa%&
^^/kU;gSaos]tkseudsnhugSa]D;ksafdLoxZdkjkT;mUghadkgSA**
bldkvFkZLi"VgSfdLoxZdkjkT;çkIrdjusdsfy,vkidkseudknhucuukgSA
vcin10ns[ksa%&
^^/kU;gSaos]tks/eZdsdkj.k lrk, tkrsgSa]D;ksafdLoxZdkjkT;mUghadk
gSA**
;fnvkidksLoxZdsjkT;eSaços'kdjukgSrksvkidks/keZdsdkj.klrkolgu
djukgksxkA;g,dcfynkugSAblesaewY;pqdkukiM+rkgSA
ge^^jkT;**dsmYys[kdsvU;lanHkZNksM+rsgq,vkxsc<+djv/;k;13esavk
tk,a vkSj in 44 i<+saA ;gka nks n`"VkUr gSa ftuds }kjk ;h'kq us jkT; ds
mÙkjkf/kdkjhgksusdhfofèkle>kbZgSAvcbljkT;dsukxfjdcuusvkSjbljkT;
dhefgekdkvuqHkodjusdsfy,gesaD;kdjukgksrkgS\
eÙkh13%44%&
^^LoxZdkjkT;[ksresafNisgq,/kudslekugSa]ftlsfdlheuq";usik;kvkSjfNik
fn;k] vkSj ekjs vkuUn ds tkdj viuk lc dqN csp fn;k vkSjml [ksr dks eksy ys
fy;kA**
Page 8 of 26
D;kvkibln`"VkUrdkifjn`';ns[kikrsgSa\jkT;dsfy,viuklcdqNcspnsukmfpr
gSftllsfdmlsçkIrfd;ktk,&loZLoR;kxAeSavkidksbldk,dO;kogkfjdmnkgj.k
nsrkgwaAeÙkh19%21ns[kasA;g,ddgkuhgSftldk'kh"kZdgS^^/kuh;qod
vkSjvuUr thou** ,dcgqr/kuoku ;qod ;h'kqelhgds iklvkdj iwNrkgS]^^eSa
dkSu lkHkykdked:a fd vuUr thou ikÅa\ vFkkZr~^^ijes'oj ds jkT; esadSls
ços'kd:a\**
;h'kqdkmÙkjD;kgS\ns[ksa
in21]
^^;fnrwfl)gksukpkgrkgSrkstk]viukekycspdjdaxkyksadksns]vkSjrq>s
LoxZesa/kufeysxk(vkSjvkdjesjsihNsgksysA**
loZLoR;kx!
in22]
^^ijUrqogtou;gckrlqudjmnklgksdjpykx;k]D;ksafdogcgqr/kuhFkkA**
blesagekjsfy,,degkulUns'kfNikgSA
in23]
^^rc ;h'kqusviuspsyksa lsdgk]^eSarqe ls lpdgrkgwafd/kuokudkLoxZ
jkT;esaços'kdjukdfBugSArqelsfQjdgrkgwafdijes'ojdsjkT;esa/kuokuds
ços'kdjuslsÅaVdklwbZdsukdsesalsfudytkuklgtgSA*;glqudjpsyksaus
mudhvksjns[kdjdgk]^euq";ksalsrks;gughagksldrk]ijUrqijes'ojlslcdqN
gksldrkgS]blijirjlusmllsdgk]^ns[kgerkslcdqNNksM+dsrsjsihNsgksfy,
gSa]rksgesaD;kfeysxk\*
geuslcdqNR;kxfn;kgS!
Page 9 of 26
^^;h'kqusmulsdgk]^eSarqels lpdgrkgwa fdubZ l`f"Vesa tceuq";dk iq=
viuh efgek ds flagklu ij cSBsxk] rks rqe Hkh tks esjs ihNs gks fy, gks] ckjg
flagkluksa ij cSBdj blzk,y ds ckjg xks=ksa dk U;k; djksxsA vkSj ftl fdlh us
?kjksa]HkkbZ;ksa;kcfguksa];kfirk];kekrk];kckycPpksa];k[ksrksadksesjs
uke ds fy, NksM+ fn;k gS] mudks lkS xq.kk feysxk] vkSj og vuUr thou dk
vf/kdkjh gksxkA ijUrq cgqr ls tks igys gSa] fiNys gksaxs( vkSj tks fiNys gSa]
igysgksaxsA**
^^;fndksbZesjsihNsvkukpkgs]rksviusvkilsbUdkjdjsvkSjçfrfnuviukØwl
mBk,gq,esjsihNsgksysA**D;ksafdtksdksbZviukçk.kcpkukpkgsxkogmls
[kks,xk]ijUrqtksdksbZesjsfy,viukçk.k[kks,xkoghmlscpk,xkA;fneuq";lkjs
txr dks çkIr djs vkSj viuk çk.k [kks ns ;kmldh gkfumBk, rksmls D;k ykHk
gksxk\tksdksbZeq>lsvkSjesjhckrksalsytk,xk]euq";dkiq=HkhtcviuhvkSj
vius firkdh ifo=LoxZnwrksadh efgek lfgr vk,xk rksmlls ytk,xkA¼in27 ij
è;kunsa½eSarqelslpdgrkgwafdtks;gka[kM+sgSa]muesalsdqN,slsgSa
fdtcrdijes'ojdkjkT;uns[kysa]rcrde`R;qdkLoknup[ksaxsA**
esjsihNsvktkvks]viusvkis¼vge~½dkR;kxdjks]esjkvuqlj.kdjksAjkT;ds
fy, viuh tkuHkh tkus nksA vkiesa ls dqN tu ijes'oj ds jkT; esa ços'k fd, fcuk
e`R;qdksuns[ksaxsAblhv/;k;dsin57esa,deuq";;h'kqdkf'k";cuukpkgrk
Fkk]^^tgkatgkarwtk,xk]eSarsjsihNsgksywaxkA**;g'kh";cuusdkçR;k'kh
FkkA;h'kqusmllsD;kdgk]
^^yksefM+;ksadsHkVvkSjvkdk'kdsif{k;ksadsclsjsgksrsgSa]ijeuq";dsiq=
dksflj/kjusdhHkhtxgughaA**
Page 10 of 26
mldk?kjughaFkkftlsvkiR;kxus;ksX;ule>saxsAvkidksijes'ojdsjkT;dsfy,
cfynku djuk gksxkAmlus ,d nwljs ls dgk] ^^esjs ihNs gks ys** ml O;fDr us
mÙkjfn;k]^^gsçHkq]eq>sigystkusnsfdviusfirkdksxkM+nwaA**;h'kqus
dgk]^^ejsgqvksadksviuseqjnsxkM+usns]ijrwtkdjijes'ojdsjkT;dhdFkk
lqukA**D;klquk\^ijes'ojdsjkT;dhdFkkA**
in61]
^^,dvkSjusdgk]^gsçHkq]eSa rsjs ihNsgksywaxk( ij igyseq>s tkusns fd
vius?kjdsyksxksalsfonkysvkÅaA¼viusçsehtuksals½;h'kqusmllsdgk]
^tks dksbZ viuk gkFk gy ij j[kdj ihNs ns[krk gS] og ijes'oj ds jkT; ds ;ksX;
ugha]**vius ifjokjdkR;kxAeqjnksadksviuseqjnsxkM+usnsA lqfo/kkvksa
vkSjvkJ;dkR;kxA
ge ,dvkSjmnkgj.kns[krsgSaAywdk14%26] ;g in15ds lanHkZesagS tgka
;h'kqijes'ojdsjkT;dsfo"k;ppkZvkjaHkdjdsin25rdvkrkgSA;sogJksrkx.k
gSa tks ;h'kqdh ckrsa lqurs Fks ijUrq vUrxzZg.k ughadjrs Fks] ^^;fn dksbZ
esjs iklvk,vkSjvius firkvkSjekrkvkSj iRuhvkSjcPpksavkSjHkkb;ksavkSj
cfguksaoju~viusçk.kdksHkhvfç;utkus]rksogesjkpsykughagksldrkvkSj
tks dksbZ viukØwl umBk, vkSj esjs ihNs u vk,] ogHkh esjk psyk ugha gks
ldrkA**
D;kvkidks ;h'kqds ihNspyusdkHksn le>esavk jgkgS\tksvius firk]ekrk]
iRuh] cPps]HkkbZ] cfgu] vius çk.k ls Hkh vyxko u j[ks rks og ;h'kq dk f'k";
ugha gks ldrkAbldk okLrfod vFkZD;k gS\ eÙkh v/;k; pkj esa ykSV vk,a rks
gekjslkeusbldkifjn`';Li"VgSA;h'kq;gkatksfl[kkukpkgrkgS]oggSfdmlds
f'k";gksusdsfy,gesaloZLoR;kxukgksxktksblv/;k;dsvuqlkjvusdfof/k;ksa
esagSA
Page 11 of 26
t+jk /;ku nhft, fd ;s iq#"kD;k&D;k R;kx dj jgs gSaA lcls igys] lq[k&lqfo/kk&
viuhgj,doLrqAgeviuhlqfo/kkvksadkR;kxdjsaxs]geviuhukSdfj;ksadkR;kx
djsaxs&;syksxviuhthfodk&eNyhidM+uk&dkR;kxdjjgsFksA;gmudsu;s
thoudhvkjafHkdnh{kkFkhA
vkidsfy, ;h'kqdsf'k";cuusgsrqubZthou'kSyhesaços'kdjusdsfy, ,slkR;kx
djukD;kvFkZj[krkgS\
viuhlEinkdkR;kx;gkamudslkekftd,oavkfFkZdLrjdkç'uvkrkgSAvusdtu
lksprsgSafd;snfjnzeuq";FksAugha]os/kukM~;rksughaijUrqlEiUuO;fDr
FksA mudk vPNk O;olk; FkkA muds ikl viuh uko FkhA muds ikl O;kikj esa
yxkusdh/kujkf'kFkhAviuktkyvkSjukoNksM+ukmudsfy,cgqrcM+kR;kx
FkkAosgesacgqrcM+kikBfl[kkrsgSaAvkivius?kjls]viuhdkjls]viuhlEink
ls]viusVh‐oh‐vkfnlsyxkoj[kdj;h'kqdspsysughaculdrsA;h'kqdsf'k";cudj
lkalkfjd lEink lsughacU/k ldrsgSaAvktds ;qxesagesa ;gh ,drF;vUrxzZg.k
djukgSA
vki ,dxq:dh [kkstdjrsgSavkSjmldsLo:i cuusds fy,mllsvkpkj&fopkjxzg.k
djrsgSaAbldscknvkimllscM+sfdlhxq:dks[kkst fudkyrsgSavkSj ,dvf/kd
cM+sLFkku ij igqaptkrsgSaAblçdkjvki/khjs&/khjsÅapkvkSjvf/kdÅapk
lkekftd LFkku çkIr djrs tkrs gSaA vki ,d çdkj ls lhf<+;ka p<+ jgs gSaA D;k
vkidksdksbZifjfprckr/;kuvkrhgS\;h'kqusdgk]^^esjsiklvkvksAlhf<+;ka
erp<+ks]uhpsmrjksA;gkain&çfr"BkdhckrughagSAeuq";dsiq=dsiklrks
flj fNikusdkLFkkuHkhughagSAgeviuh lqfo/kk,a]viuh lsoko`fÙk]viuk in]
Page 12 of 26
viuk ifjokjR;kxnsrsgSa& ;g rks cgqrdfBugSesjsnksLrksa!bunksuksaus
viusfirktcnhdksR;kxfn;kA
gesa lqlekpkj ls ,oa çFkkvksa ls Kkr gksrk gS fd f'k";ksa esa ls vusdksa dh
ifRu;kaFkhaAvcç'u;ggS^^D;k;h'kqusmUgsablfy,cqyk;kfdosviuh&viuh
iRuhdksR;kxnsavkSjmlsfQjdHkhuns[ksa\ugha]mlusdsoymUgsacqyk;k
vkSj u;s fu;e ls fofnr gS fdmUgksaus] vius ifjokjksa ls vyx ;h'kqdh laxfr esa
vf/kd le; fcrk;kAmudh ;h'kq HkfDrmuds fudVre ikfjokfjd lacU/kksa ls Hkh
c<+dj gks xbZ Fkh& ifjokj] fe=] ?kfu"B fe=] lqj{kk vkfn lcls vf/kdA ;g ,d ckr
vPNhçrhrughagksrhtcmudkxq:dgrkgSfdmlusmUgsaHksfM+;ksadse/;
HksM+Lo:iHkstkgSA;grksçksRlkgudhckrughagSA
;h'kqustcmUgsafprk;kfdmldsukedsdkj.keuq";muls?k`.kkdjsxk¼eÙkh
10½rksos,d&nwljsdkeaqgns[kusyxs]mudseuesalaHkor%,dfopkjFkk]
^^D;k gesa ;g lkSnkLohdkj djukpkfg,\** ;h'kqusmuls ,d ckr vkSj dghFkh]
^^mUgksauseq>slrk;k]osrqEgsaHkhlrk,axsaA;h'kqdkØwlijp<+k;ktkuk
ns[krsgq,rks;g,dvPNklUns'kçrhrughagksrkgSAmudhlqj{kkdkrksblesa
dksbZekxZfn[kkbZughansrkgSA;h'kqdsf'k";gksusdsdkj.kvkidks;gdHkh
ughaHkwyukgSaAxguva/kdkjvkSjfo'odsladViw.kZLFkkuksaesatkuk;gka
eq[;fo"k;ughagSAç'u;ggS]D;k;glqjf{krgS\;h'kqdspsyksadsfy,;gfpUrkdk
fo"k;ughagSAD;ksa\D;ksafdgekjklqjf{krfuoklgeihNsNksM+vk,gSaAtks
esjs ihNsvkukpkgrk gSog vius vki ls bUdkjdjs] vius çk.kdkHkhA¼ywdk
14½
gekjhekufldrkgSfdviusvkidksÅijmBk,a]viuhlqj{kkdh[kkstesajgsa]viuh
lqf/k gh ysa vius vkidks laHkkysa ijUrq ;h'kq vkdj dgrk gS vkRegR;k djks&
viukçk.kxaoknksA;gheÙkh4dkvkRefojks/khlUns'kgSAvkt]2000o"kZckn
Page 13 of 26
Hkh;h'kqdk;ghlUns'kgS&loZLoR;kxnksArcD;kgksxk\;fngeesals,dHkh
eÙkh vè;k; pkj ds vuq:i djs rks D;k gksxk\ ;fn ,d {k.k ds fy, vki viuh laiw.kZ
lEinkR;kxnsrsgSa]viuhukSdjhR;kxnsrsgSa tksvkidh thfodkgS]vkivius
ifjokjlsyEcsle;rdnwjjgrsgSarksD;kgksxk\yksxlkspsaxsvkiikxygksx,gSa
&/kkfeZdvfroknhgksx,gSaAvkidkifjokjHkhlkspsxkfdvkidksmudhfpUrk
ughagSAy?kqifjçs{;ksaesaesjs lkFkHkh ,slkghgksrkgSAeSafo|kfFkZ;ksa
dh lHkkvksa esa dkystksa dh lHkkvksa esa tkrk gwaA elhgh fo|kFkhZ
fons'kksa esa vkSj fo'o ds vU; Hkkxksa esa tkdj lqlekpkj çpkj djus ds fy,
çkFkZukdjrsgSaijUrqmudslkeus,dghç'ugksrkgS]^^eSaviusekrk&firkdks
dSls crkÅa fd eSa ogka tkuk pkgrk gwa] u] ^^os dHkh ugha pkgsaxs fd eSa
ogka tkÅaA os pkgrs gSa fd eSa vkxs v/;;u d:a vkSj vPNh ukSdjh ikÅa] esjk
vPNk?kj&ifjokjgksvkSjeSathouesaLFkkfirgkstkÅaAosdgrsgSafdosesjs
fy,oghpkgrsgSatksloksZÙkegSAtcfd/keZ'kkL=dsvuqlkjesjsfy,loksZÙke
ckrrks;ggSfdeSaviusvge~dkbUdkjdjdsviukØwlmBkdjelhgdsihNsgks
ywaAeSabllsle>kSrkdSlsd:a\
;h'kq dk f'k"; gksus dk vFkZ gS bu lc ckrksa dk R;kxA vki lkspsaxs fd esjk
fnekx+ [k+jkcgks x;k gSA loZLoR;kxdkvFkZD;kgS\vkb, geblds fo"k; esa
O;kogkfjd :i ls lkspsaA ;gO;ogkj :i esa dSlk gksxk\ ;h'kq gesa tks rF; le>kuk
pkgrkgS]og;ggSfdgeviusthouesabulcckrksalsvf/kd;h'kqdksvkSjijes'oj
dsjkT;dhefgekdksn`<+rklsFkkesavkSjmldsfy,,slsth,afd;fnmldsfy,gesa
viuklcdqNR;kxukiM+srksgeçlUurklsmlstkusnsaA;ghekufldrkelhgdsfy,
vk/kkjHkwrR;kxgSA
;fn;h'kqvkidksblesalsdksbZfo'ks"kR;kxdjusdksdgsrksD;kgksxk\rcvki
lkspsa;gO;ogkfjd:iesadSlkfn[ksxk\/;kuj[ksa]tcgeviusthoudkloZLoçR;sd
:iesaR;kxnsrksdSlkyxsxk\/;kuj[ksa]tcgeviusthoudkçR;sdifjçs{;mldh
Page 14 of 26
çHkqrkvkSj'kkludsv/khudjnsrsgSarksoggekjsthouesaçR;{k:iesavkewy
ifjorZuysvkrkgSAvcgekjhlqfo/kkmldsvf/kdkjesagSA;fnogpkgrkgSfdge
lq[k ekaxsa rks elhgdkmlesa efgekUougksukgS vkSj ;fnogpkgs fd ged"V
mBk,a rks gekjs d"Vksa ds vuqHko esa Hkh mldk efgekUou gksA gekjh
lqfo/kk,a]lsoko`fÙk&f'k{kd]odhy]MkWDVjvkfnlc]mldsv/khudjnhxbZgSa
vkSjmldsjkT;vkSjmldhefgekdsçlkj.kdsfy,eSathforgwaA
;glQygksusdhvkSj/kuksiktZudhckrughagSAeq[;fo"k;gSviusdk;ZLFkyij
ijes'ojdkefgekUoudjukAvcgevU;ksadhukb±lEinkdekusdsfy,uth,arksD;k
gksxk\geviuh lEink ijes'ojds jkT;ds fy, nsusdks thfor gSa&gekjh çfr"Bk]
gekjkifjokjvkfnlcA;h'kqgekjsthoudkloksZPpvuqjkxgksrksD;kgksrkgS\
bllsviusthoulsçhfr j[kusdhgekjhekufldrkcnytkrhgSAbllsgekjs ifrdsfy,
gekjsçseesaifjorZuvktkrkgSAbllsgekjsikfjokfjdthouesaifjorZuvktkrkgS
vkSjgekjsifjokjksaesamldkjkT;Li"Vfn[kkbZnsusyxrkgSAtcgeijes'ojls;g
dguk NksM+ nsa fd ;g lqjf{kr dke ugha oju~ ;g dgsa] ^^rq>s esjs thou vkSj
e`R;qesatksHkhdjukgS]djvkSjviusuke,oaviusjkT;dhefgekdjA**vkiesa
lsdqNlkspjgsgksaxs]^^eSa;gD;ksad:a\**eSa]laHkor%mPpLojesaugha
dgrk]ijUrqeSalksprkvo';gwafdØwlijelhgdsdk;Z}kjkesjs iki{kekgksx,
gSaA
vr%eq>svuUrlqj{kkçkIrgSvkSjeSablthoudslq[kfoyklHkksxldrkgwaA
nwljhvksj]D;ksafdeq>sm)kjçkIrgSblfy,eSae`R;qdscknds thouesaHkh
vuUr lq[k Hkksxwaxk\ vr% eSa D;ksa ,d vke Jksrk dh vis{kk vkthou lefiZr
f'k{kkFkhZ,oavuq;k;hcuwa\eSaloZLoR;kxD;ksad:a\eSaD;ksa,slkvkewy
ifjorZuykÅa\rqeuslquk]çpkjd\
Page 15 of 26
elhghtuksalsvkewyifjorZudhvk'kkughadhtkrhgS\osdsoy{kekçkIrtugS
osfl)euq";ughagSaABhd\eSablsughaekurkD;ksafd;gckbcyvk/kkfjrfopkj
ugha gSA gekjh {kek gh vUr ugha gSA esjk m)kj dsoy elhg dk dke gS] esjh
;ksX;rkugha];kgdhLrqfrgks!;gfueksZy,oavuqxzgdknkugSAesjsm)kjvkSj
esjsfo'okldklkj,oamn~ns';]ek=ikieqfDrghughagSAvkile>jgsgSau\gekjs
m)kjdkmn~ns';gesaikilseqfDrek=fnykukughagSA;gfoÑrlqlekpkjgS&;g
LokFkZdsfUnzrfopkjgSAeSavkiesalsçR;sddks;gLi"Vdjnsukpkgrkgwafd
elhgØwl ij ejk ijUrqogdsoyvdsysvkids fy,ughaejkAogblfy, ejk fd i'pkrki
vkSj ikiksadh{kek leLr tkfr;ksaesaçpkjdh tk, ftlls fd ijes'ojdk jkT; laiw.kZ
i`Fohijçpkjfd;ktk,Ablhdkj.kçHkqusgesaikieqfDrfnykbZAmlusviuhefgek
vkSjviusvuqxzgvkSjviusoSHkorFkkn;kdks laiw.kZ lalkj ijçdVdjusds fy,
gekjkm)kjfd;k&geek=m)kjçkfIrrdghlhferughagSaA
geijes'ojdsjkT;vkSjmldhefgekdsmn~ns';ds,dHkkxgSaAbldkj.kgeloZLo
R;kxdjdsoy,dghckrdsfy,thforjgrsgSaAgefdlckrdsfy,thforjgrsgSa\ge
jktkds ekuds fy, thrs gSaA ;ghgekjh cy&xfr gSAge lqcg lksdj tkxrs gSa rks
dgrs gSa]^^gs çHkq rsjh efgek esjs }kjk çdVdjA** eSa rsjs ekuds fy, th jgk
gwaAgesabllR;dksle>ukgSAelhghfo'okldksle>usdk;g,dfHkUun`f"Vdks.k
gSAvkilkspsaxsfdeSaviuhckrckj&ckjnksgjkjgkgwaijUrq,slkughagSA
esjsfopkjesavktdkelhghfo'oklvkRedsfUnzrgSftlesalcdqNesjsghpkjksa
vksjpDdjdkVrkgSAeq>siwjkfo'oklgSfd;fnge/keZ'kkL=i<+savkSjle>safd
elhg ds vuqlj.k dk vFkZ D;k gS rks ge ik,axsa fd ckbcy vk/kkfjr f'k";rk
vk/kkjHkwr:i ls ijes'ojdsfUnzrgSD;ksafdgekjsm)kjdkmn~ns';dsoygegh
ugha gSaAgekjsm)kj dkmn~ns'; lc euq";ksadks elhgdk vuqxzg vkSjmldh
ÑikdkçdVhdj.kdjukgSAlaiw.kZlalkjesabldkiqu#RiknudjukgSA;h'kqgekjh
Page 16 of 26
çsj.kk gSA ogh gekjk y{; gSA lc dqNmlh ds pkjksa vksj ifjØek djrk gSA vki
lqlekpkjksaesaoju~laiw.kZu;sfu;eesa,slseuq";ksadksns[ksaxstks;h'kqds
}kjk iki {kek ikdj mlds lkFk vukSipkfjd lacU/kksa esa thou thus esa lUrq"V
ughagSaA;gckbcyvk/kkfjrughagSAelhgdhefgekdsfy,vkewyR;kx!
vcge,dpj.kvkSjvf/kdxgjkbZesamrjsa&elhgdsvuqxzgijvkewyfuHkZjrk!
vkieÙkh4%18esai<+rsgSa]fdxyhylkxjdsrVijHkze.kdjrsgq,;h'kquspkj
efN;kjksadkscqyk;kfdmUgsaeuq";ksadkeNqvkcuk,A;gka,d,slhçfØ;kgStks
mUgsa vkthou ysdj pysxhA ;g ;k=k ;k dgsa çfØ;k gesa gekjs thou esa mlds
dk;ks±dsfo"k;cgqrdqNfl[kkrhgSAeSapkgrkgwafdvkiblijrhupj.kksaesa
;krhuLrjksaijfopkjdjsaAgekjsthouesalclsigyselhg;h'kqgesapquusdkdke
djrkgSA¼eÙkh4½;gml;qxdhjhfrlsvfrfHkUugSAjCchtufdlhdkscqykrs
ughaFksAf'k";Lo;amudsfo|kihBesavkdj f'k{kkxzg.kdjrsFksAf'k";xq:dk
pquko djrs Fks fd vf/kdkf/kd fodkl djsaA ;gka ge ns[krs gSa fd f'k";ksa dh
vis{kk xq: muds ikl tk jgk gSA lacU/kksa dk vkjaHk ;h'kq djrk gSA laiw.kZ
/keZ'kkL=dh;gjhfrgSAijes'ojviuslgHkkfx;ksadks[kkstrkgS&vczkge]uwg]
ewlk]nkÅn]Hkfo";}Drk]blzk,y] ,d laiw.kZtkfrblzk,ytks jktlh ;ktdgksusdks
pquhxbZ&;ktdksadklkezkT;&ijes'ojdslgHkkxhgksusdkA
eÙkh 4 esa vki ;gh ns[krs gSa vkSj ;wgUuk 15 esa nsf[k, ;h'kq D;k dgrk gS]
^^rqeuseq>sughapqukijUrqeSausrqEgsapqukgS**]vFkkZr~eSausrqEgsa
pqudjfu;qDrfd;kgSA;g;h'kqdsvuqxzgdk,difjn`';gSufdbuiq#"kksadslkFk
lacU/kksa dk çorZu gSA eSa vkidks fo'okl fnykuk pkgrk gwa fd vuqxzgdkjh
ijes'oj dh igy vkSj vuqxzg ls vyx ge esa ls dksbZHkh elhg dk vuq;k;h gksus
;ksX;ughagSD;ksafdmlhusvkidsvkSjesjsthoudhvksjviukgkFkc<+k;kgSA
mlhuspqukfdgeijviukvuqxzgm.MsysaA;s'kCnfdmlusvkidkspqukvkids
Page 17 of 26
xoZdkdkj.kgksaAtksmins'keSauseÙkh4ijlqusvkSjVhdk,ai<+haos;h'kq
}kjkbuefN;kjksadsf'k";p;udhppkZdjrsgSaAbuefN;kjksaesatksefN;kjksa
dsxq.kFksosmlsmi;ksxhçrhrgq,Amudh{kerk,a,oa;ksX;rk,amldsjkT;dsfy,
ykHk dh FkhaAmuds xq.kksa ,oa ;ksX;rkvksa dh o`gÙk ppkZ gS ijUrqmlds
dkj.kgeviusfo"k;lsgVukughapkgrsA;h'kqusfdlhO;fDrxrçyksHkudsfufeÙk
mulslaca/kughacuk,FksAvkb,mudsckjsesadqNrF;,d=djsaAxyhyhtuml
;qxesalektdscfg"ÑrtuFksA;slk/kkj.ktuFksAos ,slsux.;tuFksftudslkFk
yksx le; fcrkukughapkgrsFksAfu'p;ghosdqyhuoxZlsughaFksAvusdxq:
viusf'k";ksadkp;udqyhuoxZlsghdjrsFksAbueuq";ksaesaos;ksX;rkugha
FkhaAvcvkfRedrkdhckrdjsa rksosvkfRedrkesaHkh ifj"ÑrughaFksAos
;gwnh Fks vkSj vkil esa yM+rs&>xM+rs jgrs FksA os fo'oO;kih lsok ds fy,
vHknz,oaladh.kZekufldrkdseuq";FksAlaiw.kZlqlekpkjo`ÙkkUresaos;h'kq
dsfy,cks>ghFksA;h'kqusbuvfrnqcZy,oafuEureLrjdseuq";ksadkspquk
ftulsfdlhdksdksbZvk'kkughaFkhAmldh;kstukvktHkhughacnyhgSAblls
vkidksdSlkçrhrgksrkgS\D;k;ggekjsfy,çksRlkgudkdkj.kgSA1dqfjfUFk;ksa
v/;k;,desaikSyqlfy[krkgSfdijes'ojusgesa]lalkjdhew[kZrkdkspqukAmlus
lalkj ds nqcZykas dks pqukAD;k og gekjs ckjs esa dg jgk gS\mlds dgus dk
okLrfodvFkZgS fd ijes'ojusmldkspquk ftldkdksbZvfLrRoghughagSaA1
dqfjfUFk;ksav/;k; ,ddksbZljkgukdhckrughagSAvr%eSa;fnvkilsdgwafd
ijes'oj us vkidks pquk rks eSa vkidks egku ugha dg jgk gwaA vki dsoy viuh
nqcZyrk ds dkj.k pqus x, gSa D;ksafd vki ijes'oj dks dqN ugha ns ldrsA esjk
euilUnpfj=f}rh;'krkCnhdk,delhghvkykspd],dukfLrdgSaAeSapkgrkgwafd
vki lqusmlusD;kdgk]^^;fndksbZeuq";vKkuhgS] ;fndksbZcqf)vkSj lH;rk
esafiNM+kgqvkgS];fndksbZew[kZgSrksmlslkgldjdselhghcuusnsaAge
mUgsamuds ?kjksa esa ns[krs gSa & lcls cqjs] lcls vf/kd vHknz] lcls vf/kd
vui<+ tuA os fpexknM+ksa ds ;k phafV;ksa ds >q.M ;k tyk'k; ds fudVVjkZrs
Page 18 of 26
esa<d;kfeV~Vhesajsaxrsdspq,gSa]**elhghtuksadsfo"k;;gmldsfopkjFksA
ijUrq esjs Hkkb;ksa vkSj cguka ge dhM+s edksM+ksa dks ijes'oj us pquk fd
gekjhnqcZyrk}kjkviuklkeF;ZçdVdjsaA;g,dvPNklekpkjgSAbldkj.kgemlds
vuqxzg ij fuHkZjdj ldrsgSaAmuesa lsdksbZHkh ;ksX;ughaFkkAgeesa ls
dksbZ Hkh ;ksX; ugha gSA og muls D;k dgrk gS\ ^^esjs ihNs vkvksa] eSa
rqEgkjs lkFkD;kd:axk\mlus ;gughadgkfdesjs ihNsvktkvksvkSjeuq";ksa
dkf'kdkjdjksAugha]mlusdgk]^^eSarqEgsaeuq";ksadseNq,cukÅaxkAblle;
lceuq";ijes'ojdsjkT;dsfy,mRlqdFksAmUgsadqNughairkFkkfdogjkT;D;k
gSA;h'kqmUgsa,dçfØ;klsysdjtk,xkAogp;udhigyghughadjrkgSoju~og
gesadkeesaykusdklkeF;ZdhnsrkgSvkSjoggesarjl]nhurk,oauezrklsHkj
nsrkgSAogmUgsa;slcnsusokykFkkAogmUgsajkT;dkçpkjdjus;ksX;cukus
okykFkkAmuesaog,du;kdkedjusokykFkkA;gdke,slsD;ksafd;kx;k\;h'kq
us,slkD;ksafd;k\D;ksafdoggekjs}kjkviukefgekUoudjokukpkgrkFkkAvki
;fnf'k";ksadkseÙkh4lsçsfjrksadsdke1vkSj2esans[ksarks;gh,degkuckr
fn[kkbZnsrhgS&u;s fu;edhdyhfl;kdkvkjaHkA;ghogçfØ;kgSftlds}kjk ;s
euq"; iw.kZ:i lsv;ksX;gksus ijHkhijes'ojds jkT;esa lkeFkhZgq,AmUgksaus
cM+s lkeF;Z ls lqlekpkjdk çpkj fd;kAcksyusesa lnSoew[kZrkdjusokyk irjl
çsfjrksadsdke2esa[kM+kgksdjlclsigykelhghlUns'klqukrkgSvkSj3000ls
vf/kdtuelhgdksxzg.kdjrsgSa&,dfnuesa!;wgUuktkslnSoblhfpUrkesayxk
jgrkFkkfdijes'ojdsjkT;esalclscM+kdkSugksxkAmlsijes'ojdkeesaysrkgS
vkSjogu;s fu;edhbuiqLrdksadksfy[krkgStks2000o"kks±cknHkheuq";
dkselhgesaykjghgSaAfQfyIiql]Fkksek]cjrqYeS]vfUnz;kl] ;kdwcvkfndSls
fo'oeasQSyx, fd lalkjdks iyVnsa&çs‐dk‐17%6/;ku ls i<+sa fdmUgksaus
D;kfd;kAmudslaiw.kZthouelhgdhefgekdhxokghFksA;h'kqusbldkfu:i.k
gh ,slkfd;kFkkfdvUresadsoymldklkeF;ZghmÙkjnsxkfd;h'kqusmUgsa
mi;ksxD;ksafd;kA
Page 19 of 26
;ggekjsfy, ,dvPNklUns'kgSD;ksafdeq>siwjkfo'oklgSfdgekjse/;Hkh ,sls
yksx gSa ftUgsa cSjh us vk'oLr dj fn;k gS fd ge esa vusd dfe;ka gSa] vusd
nqcZyrk,agSa]vusdv;ksX;rk,agSaftldsdkj.kgeijes'ojdsjkT;dsfy,lkeFkhZ:i
lsdkeesaughafy,tkldrsgSavr%gevuqi;ksxhgSaA;fnvuqi;ksxhuHkhgksa
rksvU;ksadhrqyukesami;ksxhughagSaA ;fnvkidseuesa ,slk fopkjgSrks
fu'p;tkfu,fd;g'kSrkudklQsn>wBgSD;ksafdijes'ojdsopudklkSan;ZvkSjlR;
gekjhdfe;kavkSjnqcZyrk,agSavkSjoghi{ktgkagevPNsughagSa]ijes'ojds
fl)lk/kugSaftUgsaogdkeesaysdjviuklkeF;ZvkSjviuhefgekvkSjviuh'kfDr
dk çn'kZu vkids }kjk djrk gSA vr%u;k&fu;e dgrk gS fd ge viuh nqcZyrk esa
vkuUndjrsgSaA;g ,dfofp=ckrgSAgeviuhnqcZyrkesaD;kvkuUndjrsgSa\
D;ksafdtceSanqcZygwarcoglkeFkhZgSAvr%;gkajs[kk[khapysafdvkxsls
dksbZ;gudgs]^^eSa ijes'ojdhefgekdsfufeÙktkfr&tkfr ijçHkkoughaMky
ldrk ;k ugha Mky ldrhA** eSa ugha dj ldrk@ldrh ,d nhu dFku vo'; gS ijUrq
dsUnz esa ;g ?ke.M gSD;ksafd vki tks dg jgs gSa okLro esamldk vfHkçk; gS
ijes'ojdsmllkeF;ZdksrqPNtkuuktksvkiesaviusmn~ns';dksiwjkdjrkgSA
gesaelhgdslkeF;ZdkbUdkjdjukNksM+ukgksxkAgeelhgdsmn~ns';ksads
fufeÙkelhgdslkeF;ZdkvuqHkodjsaxsAgedgsaxs]^^rwusgesapquusdhigy
dhgSblfy,gesadkeesaysuslklkeF;Zç;ksxesaykfdijes'ojdkefgekUougekjs
thou lsgksA**^^eSaviuk thoumldsvuqxzgdk iq:LdkjcukukpkgrkgwaA**
euq";esjs thoudksns[ksvkSjvk'p;Z lsdgs]^^ijes'ojmldsthou ls ,slsdkedj
ldrkgS!**ogfu'p;ghvkidsthouesa,slkdjldrkgSD;ksafdmlsviuhefgekdks
QSykukgSA
elhgdhefgekdsfy,vkewyR;kxvkSjelhgdsvuqxzgijvkewyfuHkZjrkArhljk]
;h'kqdkvuqlj.k]vUrjre~f'k";rkgS]elhgdsO;fDrRolsvkewyyxkogSA;h'kq
Page 20 of 26
dgrk gS] ^^esjs ihNs gks ysA** rks gesa ns[kuk gS fd mldk ;g dFku fdruk
oS;fDrdgSAml;qxesaf'k";xq:dsiklD;kdjrkFkk\ogmldspj.kksaesacSBdj
tkudkjhxzg.kdjrkFkk]fl)kUr ,oafu;elh[krkFkk]fof/k&fo/kkurFkkf'k{kk,a
xzg.k djrk Fkk vkSj mudks vius thou esa ykxw djrk FkkA og yxkrkj /;ku ls
lqurkFkkvkSjmudkvuqikyudjrkFkkAijUrq;h'kq;gka,slkughadjjgkFkkA
;gka;h'kqdhfof/kijè;kunsaAlclsigys;h'kqbuiq:"kksadksçf'k{k.knsustk
jgk gSA og ;g dSls djsxk\ buds çf'k{k.k ds fy, dksbZ fo|kihB ugha gSA bls
vko';drkughaFkhAnwljk]mldkdksbZ eBughaFkkAu;s fu;e esadghaHkh
elhgh eB ugha gSA vr% ge ;g ugha dg ldrs fd esjs ikl ckbcy Ldwy dh f'k{kk
gksrhrks'kk;neSa;gdkedjikrkAdnkfiughaAgeckbcyLdwyksadsfo:)ugha
gSaAogkalnL;rkdhd{kk,aHkhughagSaAmUgsadHkhlnL;rkijgLrk{kjdjus
dks ugha dgk x;k FkkAmlds iklmPp dksVh dh dk;Zç.kkyhHkh ugha Fkh&
dghaHkhdqNHkhfn[kkbZughansrkgSA;h'kqdkviukghikB~;ØeFkk]viuk
ghLdwyFkktksmldkO;fDrRoFkkvkSjmldsf'k";gksusdsdkj.kvkidksmldh
f'k{kk,alquusdsfy,tkusdhvko';drkughaFkhAvkidksvuqlj.kdsfy,fl)kUrksa
vkSj fu;eksadh f'k{kkdhvko';drkughagSAvkidksrksdsoymlds lkFk&lkFk
jgukgSmldh laxfr esa le;nsukgSAmldh ikB~;'kkykesa tkudkfj;ka tekdjuk
ugha FkkA ;h'kq us viuk thou gh bu euq";ksa esam.Msyk gSA ;g fu;eksa dh
lwph ugha gS fd dksbZ mudk vuqikyu djsA ;g elhg dh laxfr esa thou dk
pfj=&fp=.k gSA ;h'kq gekjs lkeus f'k";rk dk vk/kqfud fopkj ugha j[k jgk gS&
tSlkgelksprsgSafdfdlhikB'kkykesaf'k{kkxzg.kdjukvkSjfQjnh{kkari'pkr
mlsthoulsçdVdjukA;h'kqdhf'k";rk ,slsLdwyksadhughagSAmldhf'k";rk
mldsO;fDrRodspkjksavksjvofLFkrgStksijLijO;ogkjlsçdVgksrhgSA
blds nks O;kogkjkRed i{k gSa ftUgsa dHkh u Hkwysa! igyk] ge LorU= gSaA
Hkkb;ksa vkSj cfguksa ge fofèk&fo/kku ls eqDr gSaA gesa fu;eksa dh lwph
Page 21 of 26
ughanhtkrhgSfdmudkvuqikyudjsaAbldkvFkZ;gufudkysafdgesaelhgds
vkns'kksadksvuns[kkdjukgSAugha]gesamldhlnkdhlaxfresajgukgSAge
viukthoumldsiklykdjdgrsgSa]^^çHkq;h'kq]eSarsjslkFkpyrkgwaAeq>s
{kerkçnkudjfdrsjhvkKkvksadksekuwaA**mldkvkns'kgSfd;fngemllsçse
djrs gSa rksmldh vkKkvksadk ikyudjsaxs tks vc gekjh le> esa vk tkrk gSA
mldkdgukgS;gesjkçseikukughaoju~esjslkFkjgdjesjsçsedkvuqHkodjuk
gSAgetkursgSafdelhghfo'okldksfof/k&fo/kkuesacnynsukdSlkvklkugS
ijUrq fQjHkhge fof/k&fo/kku lseqDrgSaA fof/k&fo/kku ,dçdkj lsvH;klksa
dkvuqdj.kgSftlesafo'okldkeq[;eqn~nkghpwdtkrkgSAgefof/k&fo/kkuls
eqDr gSaA vc nwljk i{k] ge O;fDrxr fuekZ.k ij /;ku nsrs gSa] fdlh laLFkk dk
ugha];h'kqdgrkgS]eSafdlhlaLFkkdkfuekZ.kughadjjgkgwa]eSalacU/kksa
dk fuekZ.k dj jgk gwaA esjs fopkj esa vkt og gekjs chp esa gksrk rks iqdkj
mBrk( lalkjdks laLFkkuernks]mls lacU/knks!HkVdsvkSjej.kgkj lalkjdks
laLFkku ugha] vius vki dks ns nksA viuk le; dyhfl;k esa dk;ZØeksa vkSj
çfØ;kvksa ds fuekZ.k esa er yxkvks] okn&fookn er djksA lalkj dks elhg ;h'kq
nkstksmldslkFkvkidsO;fDrxrlacU/kksalsçdVgSA
vcgemlfo"k;ijvkjgsgSafdf'k";cukukokLroesaD;kgSAD;keSavkilsdgldrk
gwa fd ge fdlh dyhfl;k ds vfLrRo ds fufeÙk fuokZg ugha dj jgs gSaA ge mu
euq";ksads fy, th jgs gSa tks elhgdhefgekdksugha tkurs& laiw.kZ fo'ods
euq";A;gn`f"Vdks.kgekjsfo'oklesaifjorZuykrkgSAelhgdslkFkxaHkhjyxko
ykrkgSA
pkSFkk]elhgdsvf/kdkjesavkewyfo'okl!eSaLak{ksiesaywdk5dkmYys[k
djukpkgrk gwaAefN;kjs iwjh jkr eNyh idM+usdk ç;kl djrs jgs ijUrqosdqN
HkhçkIrudjik,FksAlqcg;h'kqvkdjmulsdgrkgSfdosdqNeNyhD;ksaugha
Page 22 of 26
idM+rsAmUgksausmÙkj fn;k fdogkadqNughagSAmUgksaus iwjh jkr ç;kl
djds ns[k fy;k gSA vc os ?kj tkus dh rS;kjh esa gSaA ;h'kq us dgk] ^^tky
Mkyks**]vkSjtkyesabruhvf/kdeNfy;kavkxb±fdmUgsaeNfy;kamBkusds
fy, ,dvkSjukodhvko';drkiM+hAmUgsamlle;dqN,slhvuqHkwfrgqbZftlds
dkj.k;h'kqdslkFkmudslacU/kksaesacnykovkx;kAmUgsa;grF;le>esavk
x;k fd ;h'kq muls vf/kd tkurk Fkk D;ksafd og eNfy;ksa dk ikuh dk vkSj
efN;kjksadkl`f"VdrkZFkkAmldsvf/kdkj]mldhçHkqrk]mldslkeF;ZijHkjkslk
fd;k tk ldrk gSA esjh le> esa ge efN;kjs rks ugha gSA ge fHkUu&fHkUu
lsoko`fÙk;ksa esa gSaA ;fn ;h'kq vkt ;gka gksrk rks vo”; dgrk fd ge vius lsok
{ks=esamldk lEekuD;ksaughadjrsA lR; rks ;ggS fdgeviuh fo'ks"kKrkesa
;h'kqdksvKkuhle>dj ,dvksj/kkfeZd,oavkfRed{ks=esacSBknsrsgSaAge
mlsckSf)d{ks=lsfoyxdjnsrsgSaAijUrqokLrfodrkesa,slkughagSA;h'kqds
ikl laiw.kZKkugSAeSapkgrkgwa fdHkfo";esagebl fo"k; ijvkSjvf/kdeuu
djsaA vkjafHkd dyhfl;k ;g ekurh Fkh fd elhg esa laiw.kZ Kku ,oa cqf) gSA
¼ns[ksa dqyqfLl;ksa 2%9½ blls Li"V gS fd og gekjs thou esa gj ,d {ks= esa
fo'okl;ksX;gSA
oggekjsthouesaçR;sdi{kdkLokehgSA;gkaijes'ojdkjkT;vkSjlctkfr;ksaesa
psyscukusdkmldkdk;ZtM+idM+ukvkjaHkdjsxktcfofHkUulsoko`fÙk;ksa]
fofHkUu ikfjokfjd ,oa lkekftd i`"BHkwfe;ksa] vkfFkZd ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds euq";
;h'kqdksviusthoudsçR;sd{ks=ij jktkfu;qDrdjnsaxsAogtkurkgSfdgesa
D;kdjusdhvko';drkgS]gesamldsukedsefgekUoudsfy,D;kdjusdhvko';drk
gSAesjsfe=ksa]ogrksvkilsvf/kdvkidhiRuhdksle>rkgSAcguksa]ogvkils
vf/kd vkids ifr dks le>rk gSA og vkids cPpksa dks le>rk gSA txr dk Lokeh]
ijes'oj tkurk gS fd vkids ekrk firkds eu esaD;kpy jgk gSAog gekjs thouds
çR;sd {ks= dk Lokeh gSA vr% og gekjs thou dh ,d&,d ckr dk çHkq gSA ;gka
Page 23 of 26
;h'kq dk vuqlj.k gekjs nSfud thou esa O;kogkfjd gksrk gS & dsoy jfookjh;
vkjk/kuk] vkfRed lHkk ;k euu le; esa gh ughaA ;g gekjs thou ds ,d ,d iy dh
lPpkbZgSAelhgdsvf/kdkjesavkewyfo'oklA
vUresaelhgdsdk;ZesavkewyvkKkikyuA
;g dk;Z D;k gS] ge tkurs gSa] ^^esjs ihNs pys vkvks eSa rqEgsa‐ ‐ ‐ ‐** D;k
cukÅxk\euq";ksadkeNqvk&;gheq[;dk;ZgSAvceSapkgrkgwafdvkile>sa
fd;g ;kstukdSlhcU/kueqDrgSA;g ,dcUèkeqDr;kstukgSAmldsikldsoyrhu
o"kZgSafdviuhefgekvkSjijes'ojdsjkT;dsfy,rhuo"kZesa,dvfHk;kurS;kjdjs
rksog ;gdkedSlsdjsxk\D;kogtulaidZfo'ks"kKksadksysdj ,dcM+ktulewg
,d= djsxk\ ftruk cM+k vkSj ftruk foLr`r gks lds mruk cM+ vkSj foLr`r dk;Z
djsxk\ugha] ;h'kqus ,slkugha fd;kAmlds ihNs fo'kkyHkhM+pyrhFkhAog
mulsdgrk]^^tc rd rqevius ekrk&firk ls ?k`.kkudjks rqeesjs ihNsughavk
ldrsA**vkSjoslcpysx,Af'k";,dnwljsdkeqagns[kusyxs]bldkvFkZD;kgS\;g
ckresjhrksle>esaughavkrhgSAD;k;h'kqdksHkhM+ijrjlughavkrkFkk;k
mlsmudh fpUrk ugha Fkh\mldh ;qfDr dkHksn ;g Fkk fd og dqN tuksa esa
viukthoum.MsysxkvkSjosdqNvkSjtuksaesatksdqNvkSjtuksaesavkSjvUr
esa2000o"kZcknvla[;euq";ksaijçHkkoiM+sxkA;h'kqtkurkFkkfdogD;kdj
jgkFkkA;ghdkj.kgSfdtcgef'k";fuekZ.kdkdkedjrsgSavkSj;h'kqdkvuqdj.k
djrsgSarcgedgldrsgSafdgemldhefgekdsfufeÙktkfr;ksaijçHkkoMkyjgs
gSaAD;kdjds\f'k";cukdj\
eÙkh4%19]20]21]22osiyHkjHkhughafBBdsAmUgksausrqjUrmldkvuqlj.k
fd;kA;gka,degÙoiw.kZ'kCngS]^^rqjUrA**bueuq";ksaesavla[;kdfe;kaFkha
ijUrqmuesa ,dxq.kFkk&vkKkikyuAmudseuesavkxFkh&;h'kqdsfy,tyu
Page 24 of 26
FkhAmuds eu esa ,d gh ykylk Fkh] i`Foh ij jkT; dhLFkkiukdjsa fd ukljr dk
;h'kq jktk gksA ;gh ykylk mUgsa ck/; dj jgh FkhA mudh laiw.kZ fu;fr blesa
tdM+hgqbZFkhAeq>s iwjk fo'oklgS fdvktdyhfl;kesa ;gmn~ns'; fu'pygks
x;kgS&geusviukmn~ns';R;kxfn;kgSAeSavkidkspqukSfrnsukpkgrkgwa
fdrqjUrbldk;ZdksvkjaHkdjsaAdyhfl;kdslkeus,dç'u;ggS]^^D;kgemldh
;kstuk dk vuqikyu djsaxs\** ;g ,d vPNk lUns'k gS] ml ikLVj ds fy, tks N%
efguksalsblsle>usdsç;klesagSA;g,dvPNklUns'kgSD;ksafdblesadksbZu;k
dkedjusdhvko';drkughagSAdyhfl;krksubZubZ;kstuk,acukrhjgrhgSijUrq
gesamulcdkR;kxdjukgksxkAgesaubZubZckrsaNksM+djdsoyelhg;h'kqdh
fof/kdksviukukgS&tkfr&tkfrdsf'k";cukusdsfy,leiZ.kA;gijes'ojdsopuij
vk/kkfjr gS vkSj fuf'pr gSA gesa ;h'kqds 'kCnksa ij fo'okl djuk gS vkSjmldh
;kstuk }kjkmldh efgek dk çdVhdj.k ns[kuk gSA ;g ;kstukD;k gS\ vki ;g dSls
djsaxsA Bhd gS rks ge mldk vuqlj.k djsa vkSj nwljksa ls dgsa fd os gekjk
vuqdj.k djsaA ;h'kq dk vuqlj.k djuk esjs O;fDrxr thou vkSj esjs dk;ks± ls gh
lacfU/krughagSAeSaelhgds lkFkvius laca/kksadksvU;ksa ij çdVdjusdk
mÙkjnk;hgwaA ;gesjknkf;RogS fdeSavU;ksa ijmldhHkykbZ]mldhefgek]
mldsvuqxzgvkSjmldhn;kçdVd:aAelhgfo'oklvcijes'ojdsfUnzrefgekdsfy,
vkRedsfUnzrrklsijdsfUnzrrkijvkjgkgSA;g,dxaHkhjckrgSAblçdkjgevius
lekt esa lcls dg ldrs gSa] ^^esjs ihNs gks yksA** vkSj vki elhg ds ihNs gks
ysaxsAu;kfu;eBhd;ghf'k{kknsrkgSA1dqfjfUFk;ksa11%1esaikSyqldgrk
gS]esjhudydjkstSlseSaelhgdhudydjrkgwaAvcle;vkx;kgSfdgeeuq";ksa
esaelhg;h'kqdhefgekçdVdjsa&mldhHkykbZ]mldkvuqxzg]mldhn;k]mldh
fpUrk]mldhd:.kk]mldkopueuq";ksaesaçdVdjsaAvcle;vkx;kgSfdgevius
m)kjdsmn~ns';dsdkj.kmÙkjnkf;RoogudjsaAesjhudydjkstSlseSaelhgdh
udydjrkgwaA
Page 25 of 26
vc ,dç'umBrkgS]^^D;kge ;h'kqdhudydjsaxs\**eSavkidksnksckrksadh
pqukSfrnsrkgwa%igyh]cM+hxaHkhjrkls f'k";rkdsewY;dksvkadsAmldh
efgekdsfufeÙkvkewy]R;kx]mldsvuqxzgijvkewyfuHkZjrk]mllsyxko]mlds
vf/kdkjesavkewyfo'okl]mldsdk;Zdsfy,vkewyvkKkikyuAvkidkthouvkidk
viukughagSAvkiusviusthoudsekxZn'kZudkçR;sdvf/kdkjmlslefiZrdjfn;k
gSAbldkewY;cgqrvf/kdgSAijUrqgef'k";rkdsewY;dksvkadsabllsiw.kZge
f'k"; u gksus ds ewY; dks vkaduk gksxk tks blls dgha vf/kd gSA ^^f'k"; u
gksus** lsvkidkvFkZD;kgS\ ;fngeviusvkidks ;h'kqdsvuqlj.kesa lefiZru
djsavkSjvU;ksadksviukvuqlj.kudjusnsarksD;kgksxk\;fngelctkfr;ksaesa
f'k";cukusdsfy,lefiZrugksarksD;kgksxk\;fnge10;k20o"kZpqicSBsjgsa
vkSj lalkjds lq[k&foykldkvkuUnysrs jgsavkSj laHkor%dyhfl;kcqf)ekugks
ijUrq vius elhg çnÙk dk;Z dks ,d vksj dj nsa rks D;k gksxk\ bldk ewY; gesa
pqdkukgksxkAge'kkfUr]vuqxzg]lkeF;ZvkSjn;klspwdtk,axstksijes'ojgesa
fn[kkuk pkgrk gS] ftldk vuqHko ijes'oj gesa çnku djuk pkgrk gSA ge mldh
mifLFkfrlsghpwdtk,axs¼eÙkh28%20½gemlcgqrk;rlspwdtk,axstkselhg
gesa nsuk pkgrk gSA ;g ewY; gesa gh ugha oju~ laiw.kZ lekt dks pqdkuk
iM+sxkA ;fngeblmn~ns';dksvuns[kkdjsavkSjgekjhdyhfl;k la[;kesacgqr
cM+hgkstk, tgkaeuq"; lIrkgesa ,dckjvkjk/kukds fy,vk,a ftldkeuq";ksads
lkekftd ,oavkfRed thoudhokLrfodrk ijdksbZçHkkou iM+svkSjoselhgdh
efgekns[kusvkSjmldsvuqxzgdh igpku lspwd tk,a rksD;kgksxk\gekjkgh
ugha] gekjs lekt dk gh ugha ijUrq laiw.kZ lalkj esa f'k"; u cukus dh dher
ns[ksaA ge ,d o"kZ pqi cSBsaxs rks 470 yk[k cPps iSnk gksaxs tks elhg dks
ughatkusxsa]mllsvxyso"kZfQj470yk[kvU;tkfrcPps]fQj ,do"kZcknvkSj
470yk[kvU;tkfrcPps!gejfookj&çfr&jfookjvkjkelsvkjk/kukdjrsjgsaxsvkSj
djksM+ksa tu elhg dk ukeHkh ugha lqu ik,axsA th gka] f'k"; gksus dk ewY;
egkugSijUrqeq>sxgufo'oklgSfdf'k";ucukusdhewY;dghavf/kdegkugSA
Page 26 of 26
eSav/;;udjjgkFkkvksjvkidsvkSjgekjsHkfo";dsfy,çkFkZukdjjgkFkkrks
eq>scks/kgqvkfd;gv/;;ugekjsHkfo";dsfy,uhaodkdk;ZdjsxkAvr%eSaus
O;kogkjkRed :i esa eÙkh4dksO;ogkj esa ykusdk ekxZ rS;kj fd;kAge esa ls
cgqrdetuR;kxdhlwphdksiwjkdjsaxsijUrqeSavkidksvkefU=rdjukpkgrk
gwa fdgede lsde ;g rksvo';dgsa fdge ,dvke Jksrk lsgVdjvkthou ;h'kqds
lefiZrf'k{kkFkhZ,oavuq;k;hcusaxsvkSjmlsgekjkfuekZ.kdjusnsaxsA
gesa ;h'kqdh iqdkjdksLej.k j[kukgksxk]^^esjs ihNspysvkvks]eSarqEgsa
euq";ksadkeNqvkcukÅaxkA**;h'kqusgesavkKknhgSfdgef'k";cuk,aAeSa
vkils lquukpkgrk gwa] ^^eSa ckbcy vk/kkfjr f'k"; cukusdks vkSj vf/kdrk ls
le>ukpkgrkgwavkSjviusthoudksviusthoudksvU;ksadsfy,elhgdkthfor
mnkgj.k cukus ds fy, rS;kj djuk pkgrk gwaA** vkusokys v/;;uksa esa ge f'k";
cukusdsvFkZdspkjvkSj i{kksadksns[ksaxsAgeus tks lh[kkgSmldsewY;
dks;fnvkile>rsgSarksesjslkFkçkFkZukdjsa]^^gsijes'oj]tksHkhgksxkeSa
rsjkvuqlj.kd:axkvkSjesjh;gbPNkgSfdrweq>seuq";ksadkeNqvkcuk,Ags
ijes'oj]eSarsjsvuqxzg]vkSjgeijn;kcjlkusdhrsjhigydsfy,vkSjgesaukels
cqykusdsfy,rsjk/kU;okndjrkgwaAleLrLrqfr]lEeku]vkSjefgekrsjsghgSa
D;ksafdrwØwlijp<+kAvr%gekjhçkFkZukgSfdrwgesa,d,slhekuotkfrcuk
tks viuk bUdkj djs vkSj çfrfnu viuk Øwl mBkdj rsjs ihNs gks ysA ge ,d ,slh
dyhfl;kcuk,tk,atksrq>svkSjrsjsmn~ns';esavkewy:ilslefiZr,oaR;kxhgks
vkSjrwblsgekjseuesan`<+djA;h'kqdsukeesavkehuA