Download - Fse 03c - scambiatori
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Scambiatori e scambio termico migliorato
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Scambio termico
la potenza P scambiata in uno scambiatore è proporzionale a tre fattori:
- la superficie di scambio S;
- il coefficiente globale di scambio U;
- la differenza di temperatura ΔT[2]:
P = S × U × ΔT
dove S dipende unicamente dalla geometria dello scambiatore, e T dall'applicazione e dal profilo termico.
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Coefficiente di scambio termico
Il coefficiente globale di scambio U è invece caratteristico dei fluidi in gioco e delle caratteristiche idrauliche. Si può pensare di scomporre il coefficiente globale in coefficienti lato caldo (coefficiente convettivo), attraverso parete (coefficiente conduttivo) e lato freddo (coefficiente convettivo), (vedi figura 11); risulterà in ciascuno dei casi una differenza di temperatura, e un coefficiente di scambio, rispettivamente Uc, Up, Uf. Ciò premesso, si trova che :
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Coefficiente di scmabio termico
Risulta che Uc e Uf sono influenzati positivamente da alta conducibilità termica del fluido e alta turbolenza del fluido (negativamente dai valori opposti), e Up dalla conducibilità termica del materiale costituente la parete. In particolare, si nota un forte aumento del coefficiente di scambio lato fluidi quando si passa da regime laminare a regime turbolento
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Efficienza dello scambiatore
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Heat Enhancement
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Esempi di miglioramento
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Perdita di efficienza
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Tecniche attive
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Tecniche attive
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