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Gagan Mohanty
Charm of the charmless – Three-body Hadronic B decays at
BaBar
RAL PPD Seminar December 12, 2007
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Outline of the talk• Theory and Motivation
• Dataset and Detector
• Analysis Strategy– Particle Identification
– Continuum Suppression
– Kinematical Variables
• Results B+ → K+K-π+/K+π+π -/π+π -π+ B0 → KSπ+π-/KSK+K-/π+π -π0
• Summary and OutlookPreliminary
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History: Timeline (1993)
• 1st observation of charmless B decays by CLEO
Since then…
PRL 71, 3922 (1993)
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Today: LP2007
http://www.slac.stanford.edu/xorg/hfag/rare/index.html
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Theory
b → s loop (penguin) transition contributes only to the final states with odd number of kaons due to presence s quark e.g. Kππ, KKK
b → ub → s/d
Final states with even number of kaons, such as KKπ get
contributions from b → u tree and b → d penguin diagrams. Odd number kaon states are further Cabibbo suppressed [~ sinθc]
Typical diagrams for charmless three-body B decays
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Motivations• Interfering tree and penguin amplitudes
good place to search for direct CP violation
• New particles can appear in loop diagrams (signature of physics beyond the SM)
• Probes flavor sector, particularly by measuring– sin(2β) or just β in the KSh+h- (K/π) Dalitz plot– α in the modes: ππ, ρπ and ρρ– γ using flavour symmetries (isospin, U-spin, etc.)
• Low energy spectroscopy
• Testing ground for perturbative QCD, factorization, SU(3) flavor symmetry …
Klempt, Zaitzev Phys Rept 454, 1
PRL 93, 131801
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PRO :- Larger BF than two-body decays- Correct way to study interference- Some modes in a well-defined CP eigenstate
PRO :- Larger BF than two-body decays- Correct way to study interference- Some modes in a well-defined CP eigenstate
CON : - large phase space with low event density; hard to identify all phase-space structures- mixture of CP-even, CP-odd final states- more complicated analysis needed
CON : - large phase space with low event density; hard to identify all phase-space structures- mixture of CP-even, CP-odd final states- more complicated analysis needed
Why three-body?
Gershon, Hazumi PLB 596, 163
3-body
2-body
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Dataset
Lint ~ 500 fb-1
(10% off-peak)
Run 6 ended on this Sept.
New results based on run 1-5 data (other on smaller set)
Final run 7 is about to begin and would continue till next September
9 GeV e- →Υ(4S)← 3.1 GeV e+ γβ = 0.56 <Δz> ~ 260 μm
Peak luminosity > 3 X Design
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BaBar DetectorCerenkov Detector
(DIRC) 144 Quartz bars and
11000 PMTs
1.5T solenoid
Electromagnetic Calorimeter6580 CsI(Tl) Crystals
Drift Chamber40 layers
Instrumented Flux ReturnResistive Plate Chamber& Limited Streamer Tube
Silicon Vertex Tracker
five layers, double strip
e+ (3.1GeV)
e- (9GeV)
e ID reco.
& KL ID
High quality tracking(fiducial volume: 0.41 < < 2.54)
(pT)/pT = 0.13% PT 0.45%
E/E = 2.32% E-1/4 1.85%
Particle ID
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Analysis Strategy
Signal extraction (kinematics)
Background fighting: Continuum (event topology) Other types of B decays (PID,
charm and charmonia veto)
Dalitz plot technique (three-body decays having reasonable signal size)
Time-dependent analysis in neutral B meson decays to determine CP violation parameters at each point of the phase space
Inclusive
Full (3body)/partial (Q2B)
Time-dependent DP (3body)
uds:cc:bb = 2.1:1.3:1.1
Complexity
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Particle Identification• PID is crucial for
these analyses– distinguish K vs. π
– veto the leptons>3σ
Longitudinal shower depth from an unsegmented EMC
• Always room to improve (submitted to NIM) D.N. Brown et al.,
arXiv:0711.1593
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Continuum Suppression• Event topology
– B produced at rest (spherical)
– Jet-like udsc events
Signal
Background
• Flavour and decay-time of the B meson candidate (not used in TD analysis)
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Typical Performance
• We do not live in an ideal world
• But we try to get as close as possible
A. Hocker et al., physics/0703039
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Kinematical Variables• Utilize precise beam
energy information and (E,p) conservation
Sideband Signal box
Background
signalbackground
Inclusive/Dalitz plot
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Dalitz-plot Analysis• Powerful technique relying on Lorentz invariant
phase-space variables in a three-body decay
B
1
2
3 B
21
3+ Resonance
{13}
sij = m2ij
Zemach, PL133 B1021 (1964)
Flatte, PLB63, 224 (1973)
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Dalitz-plot Analysis [2]Extract ck,NR and θk,NR by performing a maximum likelihood fit
Measure CP violation asymmetries by comparing B and B amplitudes
Fit fraction is the ratio of the integral of a single decay amplitude squared to the coherent sum of all
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Time-dependent DP
Time-dependent decay rate of B0(B0) → three-body
Determine mixing-induced CP [sine coefficient] and direct CP [cosine coefficient] at each point in the DP direct CP
Include detector effects (mistagging and resolution)
PEP-II
(4S)e-
Coherentevolution
e+
z≈ m
mixing
Flavor tagging Q ≈30%
B0KSπ+π-
Eff.~25% --
++
B0 K-
e-
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B+ → K+K-π+ inclusive
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Motivations• Potentially rich Dalitz structure• Good place to look for direct CP (interference
between b→u tree and b→d penguin amplitudes)• Little experimental information exists new
physics effects not excluded• Rate and asymmetry in B+→ K*0(892)K+ are inputs
to a method to extract γ• Same Q2B state helps on understanding observed
discrepancy of sin(2βeff) in the B → φKS modeGrossman et al., PRD 68, 015004• Surprises do happenAnd...
Soni and Suprun, PRD 75, 054006
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Current StatusTheory
Numbers are from BaBar, competitive limits also available from Belle and CLEO for the modes indicated by (*)
Experiment
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7
0.1 0.6 3. 0
FactorizationpQCDSU(3)
Interesting Lower Limit:
Fleischer and Recksiegel
PRD 71, 051501 (2005)
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B+ → K+K-π+ inclusive
An unbinned maximum likelihood fit of [mES, ΔE, NN] to 16143 candidate events finds a signal yield of 429±43 12.6σ (statistical only) and 9.6σ including systematic uncertainty
383M B pairs
BB
PRL 99, 221801
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B+ → K+K-π+ inclusive Half of the events originates from Reminiscent of similar structures
in KSK+K- and K+K+K- Dalitz plots
PRD 74, 032003
Nature of this state around 1.5GeV/c2 is not very clear
Efficiency-corrected distribution
Rate reasonably consistent with the Q2B results on K*0K
Efficiency-corrected distribution
KSK+K- K+K+K-
PRL 99, 221801
PRL 99, 161802
PRD 76, 071103
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Dalitz plot analyses of B+ → K+π+π- and π+π-π+
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B+→ π+π+π- Dalitz plot
Phase-space
Coupled BWρ(770)
f2(1270)
Folded
Single BW
qqBB
PRD 72, 052002 (2005)232M B pairs
468±35
Fit
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B+→ π+π+π-: Summary
ρ0(770) is the dominant component 3σ indication for f2(1270) and NR
Little evidence for σ (seen by BES in the decay J/ψ→ωπ+π -)
No contribution from χc0 not feasible to measure γ with analysed dataset
PRD 72, 052002 (2005)
σ
f0(980)
f2(1270)
PLB 597, 39 (2004)
Bediaga et al., PRL 81, 4067 (1998)
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B+→ K+π+π-: Dalitz plot
B+ B+
qqBBFit
ρ(770)
f0(980)
χc0
K*0 (Kπ)*0
PRD 72, 072003 (2005)226M B pairs
1078±56 B±
B+
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B+→ K+π+π-: Summary
(Kπ)*0 K*0(1430) resonance + Effective range nonresonant component (Belle uses K*0(1430) only)
Evidence for direct CP violation in the ρ0(770)K± mode
PRD 72, 072003 (2005)
PRL 96, 251803 (2006)
Total BF differs significantly from Belle (48.8±1.1±3.6)•10-6
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Belle
CP in charged B decays?
Chiang et al., PRD 69, 034001 (2004)
Interesting to see the results with higher statistics…
BABAR B+B-
Large ACP in agreement with predictions based on flavour SU(3) symmetry (19-24)%
PRL 96, 251803 (2006)
PRD 72, 072003 (2005)
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Time-dependent Dalitz plot analyses of B0 → KSπ+π- and
B0 → KSK+K-
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Motivations• Dominantly b → s penguin transition prone to
NP effect
• Provides a test if mixing-induced CP asymmetry equals to that of tree-level transition b → ccs
• Measure βeff in Q2B modes unambiguously interference term allows determination of cosine term (beauty of DP)
• We can determine the relative phase between B0→ K*+(892)π- and B0→ K*-(892)π+ access to CKM angle γ Deshpande et al., PRL 90, 061802 (2003)
Ciuchini et al., PRD 74, 051301 (2006)
Gronau et al., PRD 75, 014002 (2007)
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Existing Measurements
Both agree reasonably wellDiscrepancy in the nonresonant contribution
Belle also observes structure near 1.3 GeV/c2 in the π+π- spectrum
Time-dependent Q2B
Time-integrated Q2B Time-integrated DP
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Signal Yield• Simultaneous fit including
– mES, ΔE, NN, Δt and tagged (B0/B0) DP variables
383M B pairs
arXiv:0708.2097 Contrib. LP2007
BBqq
Signal: (2172±70) in total candidate sample of 22525
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Dalitz plot Content
qqBB
f0(980) ρ0(770)KS Gounaris-Sakurai
f0(980)KS Coupled BW
K*(892)π Single BW K*0(1430)π LASS shape fx(1300)KS Single BW
f2(1270)KS ,,
χc0KS ,,
ρ(770)
fx(1300)+f2(1270)
χc0
K*(892)
K*0(1430)
arXiv:0708.2097 Contrib. LP2007
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Time-dependent CP violation
Charmonium
Charmonium
Time-dependent CP asymmetry measured at each point in the KSπ+π- Dalitz plot for the first time
f0(980)KS value 2.1σ above charmonium
ρ0KS consistent with the world-average
arXiv:0708.2097 Contrib. LP2007
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CP violation in DP amplitudes Advantage of time-dependent Dalitz plot probes
CP violation from two orthogonal directions
No CP
Phase diff. in K*π mode is significantly different from zero
disfavoured at 3.7σ
arXiv:0708.2097 Contrib. LP2007
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B0→ K+K-Ks: Dalitz plot
φ(1020)K0 f0(980)K0
fx(1500)K0
χc0KS
Nonresonant
• Fit including mES, ΔE, NN, Δt and tagged (B0/B0) DP variables
383M B pairs
Signal model
arXiv:0706.3885, accepted by PRL
Low mass: mKK < 1.1 GeV/c2
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B0→ K+K-Ks: Results
CP violation at 4.8σ level (5.1σ for high mass region)
βeff is about 2σ lower than the SM prediction (~0.370 rad)
Direct CP is consistent with SMdisfavoured at 4.5σ
arXiv:0706.3885, accepted by PRL
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Time-dependent Dalitz plot analysis of B0 → π+π-π0
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Motivations• Contributions from b→u tree and b→d penguin
transition (through intermediate ρ resonance)
• Possible to extract of CKM angle α and strong transition amplitude simultaneously
• Complex isospin analysis 12 parameters to be determined
• Rather utilize the variation of strong phases of interfering ρ resonances over the DP
Time dependent Dalitz plot
Synder and Quinn, PRD 48, 2139 (1993)
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B0→ π+π-π0 time-dependent DP
Parameterize B0(B0) → π+π-π0 amplitude in terms of ρ+(→π+π0)π-, ρ-(→π-π0)π+ and ρ0(→π+π-)π0
}Use these in the time-dependent decay rate:
fκ(κ = +,-,0) are BW functions
Determine Uκ and Iκ (27 →16 parameters for small ρ0π0 contribution) in the likelihood fit
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DP Fit Results• Likelihood built using PDFs for the discriminating
variables: ΔE, mES, NN, Δt & DP variables
• Extract physics parameters from the fitted Uκ and Iκ:
{
PRD 76, 012004 (2007)
375M B pairs
Event yield: 2067 ± 86
BBqq
misreconstruction
ρ(770)
D+π -KSπ0
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Angle α and direct CP
{
Direct CP violation ~ 3σ level
1 1
2 21
23
No CP
PRD 76, 012004 (2007)
{
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using buud: WA
o)7.57.87( WA
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ConclusionsFirst measurement of the inclusive mode B+ → K+K-π+
DP measurements in the charged Kππ and πππ modesEvidence of direct CP violation in the ρ0(770)K± mode of
charged Kππ final stateβeff measured without any sign ambiguity (thanks to the
time-dependent DP technique)Measured CP violation parameters agree reasonably well
with SM predictionsTime-dependent DP measurement of B0 → (ρπ)0
direct CP violation at ~3σ level and measured α
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Bonus slides
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- parameters a,r taken from LASS experiment(*)
- valid up to 1.8GeV(*) LASS, K scattering at 11GeV at SLAC
Scalar Kπ near 1.4 GeV/c2
BaBar: BW for K*(1430) plus an
effective range NR component
Flat NR component
Belle: BW for K*(1430) exponential NR
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sin2 in Penguins
sin2eff 0.67 0.04
New naïve HFAG average <1 from the charmonium mode sin2 value
New/Updated
BaBar/Belle Result
sin2Sf= -sin2eff
1% CL for the average
Slide from LP2007 (Dave Brown)