Download - Generator Sets I, Vn
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Generators Máy phát điện
Lê Hòa Nam – Diethelm Techology
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Generators Máy phát điện
• Đô thị hóa & điện dự phòng– Các tòa nhà cao tầng,cao ốc văn phòng– Điện năng ngày càng quan trọng– Nguồn khẩn cấp và nguồn dự phòng
• Các nhà tư vấn thiết kế, kiến trúc Việt nam– Bắt đầu chú ý đến đưa máy phát điện vào
• Lưu ý cho các nhà tư vấn, kiến trúc – Máy phát điện là gì– Lưu ý khi thiết kế và bố trí máy trong tòa nhà
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Generators Máy phát điện
• Xác định các bộ phận – Động cơ– Máy phát điện– Hệ thống làm mát– Điều khiển
• Quan tâm khi lắp đặt– Mặt bằng phòng máy– Hệ thống thùng nhiên liệu– Hệ thống làm mát và thông gió– Tiêu âm– Máy phát có vỏ và kiểu công ten nơ
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The System
• Khi động cơ đốt cháy nhiên liệu -- tạo ra:– Cơ năng / công suất– Nhiệt
Fuel (BTU) In Nhiên liệu vào
Mechanical EnergyCơ năng
Radiated Heat 10% Bức xạ nhiệt Cooling System 25%
Hệ thống làm mát
Exhaust 30% Khí xả
Power Out 35%Công suất ra
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ID of key componentsCác bộ phận
Radiator Két nước
Bed-frame
Fuel Pump
Engine Heater
Fork Pocket
Integral Fuel Tank
Fuel Tank Fill Engine
Heater Isolator
Power CableGland
Earth Point
AlternatorMáy phát
Rating Plate
PCC2100 Controller Điều khiển
Air Intake Filter
Động cơ Diesel
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EngineĐộng cơ
High Speed (1500 RPM at 50Hz) diesel Derived from automotive platforms below about 550kVA Power generation specific above 550kVA Diesel fuelled class A1 or A2 diesel fuel Custom injection systems Fuel consumption or emissions optimized versions Integral fuel, oil and coolant filtration
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Example Engine – QSX15G8
4 Extended service intervals (up to 750 hours)
3 Integrated HP fuel lines
Less leaks for reduced downtime
1 Proven high volume in automotive market (Signature 600)
2 Dual Overhead Cams
Dedicated Camshaft injectors
Optimises injection & valve control
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Engine - Starting System
Electric start is most common to 3300kVA, part of standard package
Lead acid batteries included in standard specification
Batteries charged from mains, when mains available, and charge alternator on engine when it is running
Negative earth systems 12V starting to 250kVA 24V starting above 250kVA Batteries sized for three attempts to start Redundant start systems increasingly popular
in critical applications Poor battery maintenance is most common
cause of set failure
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Engine - Emissions
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RadiatorKét nước
RadiatorKét làm mát gắn tại máy
Vertically oriented referred to as “set mounted”JWAC and ATA versionsAxial or paddle fan driven from engineMain source of noise
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Air FlowLuồng Không Khí
Alternator Cooling AirKhông khí làm mát máy phát điện
EngineCombustion Air Không khí buồng đốt động cơ
RadiatorCoolingAir Không khí làm mát két nước
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Fuel TankThùng nhiên liệu
“in-skid” , “ sub base”
tank or “bed tank”
Tanks typically in skid to 800kVA to save space
Tanks made from plastic or steel
8 hours running at 70% load typical
Provision for connection to bulk storage tanks provided
Fuel cooling required on 2000kVA +
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Control SystemsHệ thống điều khiển
Control
Supervision, protection and controlEngine ProtectionAlternator Protection AmpSentry™System supervision Smart Start™Integrated with engine control
Engine governingAutomatic Voltage Regulation
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Installation Considerations
Một số chú ý khi lắp đặt
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Where ?Ở đâu ?
Close to main power system
Physically isolated from main utility
Consider access for service and installation
Potential for flooding
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The Plant RoomPhòng đặt máy
3 x 2000kWData Centre
Standby system USA
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The Plant RoomPhòng đặt máy
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Designing Plant room size Mặt bằng phòng máy
Ventilation System Hệ thống thông gióCooling System Hệ thống nước làm mátExhaust System Hệ thống khí xả
Fuel System Hệ thống nhiên
liệu
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Plant Room Sizing Plant room size should allow for Mặt bằng phòng máy
Size and number of sets Công suất và số máySound attenuation level required on site Mức độ ồn Access for service and maintenance
Lối vào cho phục vụ và bảo dưỡng
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Fuel System
Standard sets ( to 800kVA) carry 8 hour tanks
Longer running requirements mean bulk storage tanks are required.
Rule of Thumb:Multiply the KW times .25…that’s the fuel consumption (lph)
Quy tắc: Nhân KW với 0,25…Là tiêu thụ nhiên liệu (lph)
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Example Fuel Tanks
500 Litre on board fuel
tank
“Bund” for 110%
containment
Hand Transfer pump
Electric fuel transfer pump
Typical on board tank inside container
Thùng nhiên liệu bên trong công ten nơ
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Example Fuel Tanks
“Sub base” fuel tank
on 1400kVAThùng nhiên liệu dưới đế
máy 1400kVA
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Fuel Tank Bunding - EC
Bund installed for 110% of engine fluids
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Cooling & VentilationLàm mát và Thông gió
Alternator Cooling Air
EngineCombustion Air
RadiatorCoolingAir
Air On is air at radiatorAmbient Air is air at generator/engine air filter intake
Không khí vào là không khí tại két nướcKhông khí môi trường là không khí tại đường vào lọc khí tại máy phát/động cơ
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Cooling and Ventilation Làm mát và Thông gió
Rule of Thumb:Effective open area for radiator exhaust air should be roughly equal to radiator area.
Quy Tắc:Diện tích mở hiệu quả cho không khí ra nên bằng diện tích két nước.
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Cooling and Ventilation Làm mát và Thông gió
Air Intake 1.5 times size of radiator
Air exhaust ducted out of plant room, air duct to equal radiator size
Rule of Thumb:Heat rejection to coolant is approximately 25% of the fuel energy consumed by the engine.
Rule of Thumb:Designed temperature of plant room should be no more than 50 C
Quy tắc:Nhiệt truyền vào hệ thống làm mát gần bằng 25% năng lượng nhiên liệu tiêu thụ bởi động cơ
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Sound Attenuation of Cooling AirTiêu âm và Không khí làm mát
Intake Louvres limit break out of sound
Exhaust air louvres limit break out of sound
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Remote CoolingLàm mát kiểu két nước đặt xa
Remote Radiator used where it makes it easier to manage cooling and ventilation
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Remote CoolingLàm mát kiểu két nước đặt xa
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Vibration – One Source of Noise
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Sound Level ??
75 dBA at 1MFor Cement
Works
85 dBA at 1M for a Bank
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Attenuation
Take a practical view ! Standby power system will not operate more than 20
hours per year in western world ! 2000/14/EC sound level limits packaged set sound
levels Specify sound level at boundary of site
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Noise Levels- some hints
• Most People Can’t Detect a 3 dBA Sound Level Difference Between Sources, but
• 3 dBA Difference is TWICE the Sound Power• High Frequency Noise is Easier To Hear • Accurate Test Requires Ambient at Least 10dBA
Less Than Genset Output– Isolated or Critical Exhaust, Free Field Environment
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Exhaust System
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Exhaust SystemHệ thống khí thải
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Silencer Installations
Cylindrical Silencers
mounted in roof
Box Silencers
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Roof mounted Installation
Integral two stage silencers extended out of installation
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Less complex !
“ Hot Climate”
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What is the problem here?
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Enclosed Generators 11 to 550kVA generators come packaged in standard
enclosures compliant with most common legilsation. Fuel, exhaust, sound attenuation and control system all
integral to package More cost effective, and simple to specify, procure
and install than plant room installations
80 dB(A)
Exhaust 94 dB(A)
79 dB(A)
Fan 86 dB(A)
Engine 80 dB(A)
Install 10dB(A)housing
77 dB(A)
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Enclosed GeneratorsIntegral silencer
Removable stack for
transportation
40 Foot ISO container
CSC plated for cost effective transport
Air exhaustattenuation Integral fuel
tankAir intake
attenuation
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Containerized Generators 20 foot 85dBA at 1M
Containerized 700 to 1000kVA
40 foot 85dBA at 1M Containerized 1100 to 2000kVA
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Container Installations
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Todays Aims
For standby power use
standby rated generators !
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Questions ?
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