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GENKI FACT L. 4ALLEX 2016 JPN 199
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Housekeeing: • Fact segment from Week 4 (Mon & Wed 9am)
• Mid-term Exam Week 4 on Monday (Grammar, listening Comprehension, katakana reading, oral test) “Oral Interview Criteria” documents Starting at 8:30 to 10:45 Room: Busch Hall 18
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In Lesson 4 we’ll learn how to…• Ask/answer questions regarding where something or someone is located
• Give directions using a landmark • Talk about activities, events, and routines in the past
• Talk about duration / extent preview (how long, how many, how much, etc.)
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1 arimasu & imasuBoth refer to: Existence Difference between arimasu and imasu ? arimasu: inanimate existence (objects, plants, etc) imasu: animate existence (people, animals, etc.) • Kasa ga arimasu. • Two possible meanings: • “There’s an umbrella (there).” or “I have an umbrella.”
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1 arimasu & imasuKasa, arimasu ka?
-- Hai, arimasu (yo). -- Iie, (kasa wa) arimasen (nee) / nai desu nee.
Why no ga? Tanaka-san, imasu ka?
-- Hai, imasu (yo). -- Iie, (Tanaka-san wa) imasen (nee).
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X desu vs. X, arimasuHon desu ka? Hon, arimasu ka? Hon desu ka? (identification: “is [it] a book?”)
-- Hai, soo desu. -- Iie, hon ja nai desu. Jisho desu. --iie, hon jya arimasen. Jisho desu.
Hon, arimasu ka? (existence/possession: “Is there a book?”, “Do
(you) have a book?” -- Hai, arimasu. -- Iie, hon wa arimasen nee. -- Iie, hon wa nai desu nee.
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(place) ni (object) ga arimasu.• Asoko ni Makudonarudo ga arimasu. (あそこにマクドナルドがあります。) • “There’s a McDonald’s over there.”
• Cf. Makudonarudo wa asoko ni arimasu. (マクドナルドはあそこにあります。) • “McDonald’s is (located) over there.”
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(place) ni (person) ga imasu.• Asoko ni gakusee ga imasu. (あそこに学生がいます。) • “There’s a student over there.”
• Cf. gakusee wa asoko ni imasu. (学生はあそこにいます。) • “The student is (located) over there.”
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(time) ni (event) ga arimasu.• Doyoobi ni paat(y)ii ga arimasu. “There’s a Party on Saturday.”
• Cf. Paat(y)ii wa Doyoobi ni arimasu. “The party is (held) on Saturday.”
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(place) de (event) ga arimasu.• Asoko ni Makudonarudo ga arimasu. (あそこにマクドナルドがあります。)
• “There’s a McDonald’s over there.” • Daigaku de paat(y)ii ga arimasu. (大学でパーティーがあります。) • “There’s a Party at the university/college.”
• Asoko de konssaato ga arimasu. (あそこでコンサートがあります。) • “There’s a concert over there.” • parties, concerts, (sports) games, Olympics, meetings, tests,
interviews, presentations, etc. • accidents and natural disasters
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Describing where things are• Yuubinkyoku wa asoko desu. • Yuubinkyoku wa asoko ni arimasu. • Yuubinkyoku wa biru no tonari desu. • Yuubinkyoku wa biru no tonari ni arimasu.
• Depaato no tonari pattern? • Noun1 no noun2
• Which noun is being described? • Noun2 (tonari) • Which noun is doing the describing? • Noun1 (depaato) • We’re talking about tonari. • Meaning of biru no tonari • “next to the building”
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NOTE:• PLACE words • —mae, ushiro, tonari, aida, shita, hidari, migi, yoko, chikaku, etc.--are what kind of
words in Japanese? • NOUNS! • Biru no mae ‘(in) front of the building’
• Mae no biru ‘the building in front’
• Eki no mae no biru ‘the building in front of the station’
• Suzuki-san no ushiro ‘in the back of Mr/s. Suzuki.’
• Watashi to tomodachi no aida ‘Between my friend and me’
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X no Y: biru no mae, mae no biru
• Biru no mae ni arimasu. Mae no biru ni arimasu.
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In front of the building
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Behind the building
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Next to the building
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Mora Practice• A: Doko de tabemasu ka? • B: Makudonarudo de tabemasu.
• Biru no tonari no makudonarudo de tabemasu.
• Mae no biru no tonari no makudonarudo de tabemasu.
• When you are lost in Japan….
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Past tense (finished/completed)• Review: • Wakarimasu. • Wakarimashita. • Arigatoo gozaimasu. • Arigatoo gozaimashita.
• New: • Shitsuree shimasu. • Shituree shimashita. • Sumimasen. • Sumimasen deshita.
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Past Tense: conjugation
NOUN affirmative negativePresent (non-past) X desu. X jya nai desu.
X jya arimasen. Past (perfective)
VERB (long form) affirmative negativePresent (non-past) Shimasu. Shimasen.Past (perfective)
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Past Tense: conjugation
NOUN affirmative negativePresent (non-past) X desu. X ja nai desu.
X ja arimasen. Past (perfective)
VERB (long form) affirmative negativePresent (non-past) Shimasu. Shimasen.Past (perfective) Shimashita.
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Past Tense: conjugation
NOUN affirmative negativePresent (non-past) X desu. X ja nai desu.
X ja arimasen. Past (perfective)
VERB (long form) affirmative negativePresent (non-past) Shimasu. Shimasen.Past (perfective) Shimashita. Shimasen deshita.
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Past Tense: conjugation
NOUN affirmative negativePresent (non-past) X desu. X ja nai desu.
X ja arimasen. Past (perfective) X deshita.
VERB (long form) affirmative negativePresent (non-past) Shimasu. Shimasen.Past (perfective) Shimashita. Shimasen deshita.
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Past Tense: conjugation
NOUN affirmative negativePresent (non-past) X desu. X ja nai desu.
X ja arimasen. Past (perfective) X deshita. X ja nakatta desu.
X ja arimasen deshita.
VERB (long form) affirmative negativePresent (non-past) Shimasu. Shimasen.Past (perfective) Shimashita. Shimasen deshita.
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Particle mo / multiple particles (Grammar 5)• Review • Keeki o kudasai. A, koohii mo kudasai.
(A:ケーキをください。あ、コーヒーもください。) • A: Keeki o kudasai. B: watashi mo keeki o kudasai.
(A:ケーキをください。 B:私もケーキをください。)
• mo replaces wa, ga, and o.
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Particle mo (Grammar 5)• New • Kyooto ni ikimashita. Tookyoo ni mo ikimashita.
(京都に行きました。東京にも行きました。)
• Uchi de benkyoo shimashita. Toshokan de mo benkyoo shimashita. (家で勉強しました。図書館でも勉強しました。)
• Doyoobi ni tenisu o shimashita. Nichiyoobi ni mo tenisu o shimashita.
(土曜日にテニスしました。日曜日にもテニスしました。)
• mo follows ni, de, e, etc. • (ni mo, de mo, e mo; • ni wa, de wa, e wa)
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Particle wa / multiple particles (Lesson 3 review) • Supootsu, shimasu ka? • Ee, tokidoki tenisu o shimasu. • Gorufu wa? • Gorufu wa shimasen nee.
• Shuumatsu wa nani o shimashita ka? • Kyooto ni ikimashita. • Ii desu nee. Tookyoo ni mo ikimashita ka? • Ie, Tookyoo ni wa ikimasen deshita.
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Ichi-ji-kan • Review: 1:00, 2:00, 3:00, 4:00… • NEW: one hour (duration of time) • ichiji-kan • 2 hrs, 3 hrs, 4 hrs • O-tera no mae de ichi-ji-kan machimashita. • NOTE: Ichiji-kan is a • NOUN • It expresses DURATION, or AMOUNT and is followed by
a verb.
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Ichi-ji-kan-han• To say “one and a half hours”, just add? • han • 4.5 hrs, 7.5 hrs, 9.5 hrs • “I slept for 7.5 hrs.” • “I slept for about 7.5 hrs.” • Shichi-ji-kan gurai nemashita.
• REVIEW: other word for “about”? • Shichi-ji goro shimashita. • “I did it at about 7:00.” • vs. Shichi-ji-kan gurai shimashita. • “I did it FOR about 7 hours.”
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• Gurai attaches to an AMOUNT/DURATION word. • Goro attaches to a specific time word.
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Duration (Grammar 6 and 7)<Hours>
Ichi-jikan ni-jikan san-jikan yo-jikan go-jikan roku-jikan nana-jikan/shichi-jikan hachi-jikan ku-jikan jyuu-jikan
<Days of month> 1) Ichinichi 2) Hutuka(-kan) 3) Mikka(-kan) 4) yokka(-kan) 5) itsuka(-kan) 6) muika(-kan) 7) nanoka(-kan) 8) yooka(-kan) 9) kokonoka(-kan) 10) tooka(-kan) Tsuitachi (the 1st) vs. Ichinichi (1 day)
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Duration (Grammar 6 and 7)• Doyoo-bi ni benkyoo shimashita. (土曜日に勉強しました。) • San-jikan benkyoo shimashita. (3時間勉強しました。)
• Takusan, chotto, etc. (extent expression, more in Lessons 5 and 7): usually no particles following
• Mainichi takusan benkyoo-simasu. (毎日たくさん勉強します。)
• Keeki o chotto tabemasu. (ケーキをちょっと食べます。)
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Duration (Grammar 6 and 7)Tsuitachi ni shimashita. (一日にしました。) Ichinichi shimashita. (一日しました。) Ichiji ni shimashita. (一時にしました。) Ichijikan shimashita. (一時間しました。) Hutuka ni shimashita. (二日にしました。) Hutuka shimashita. (二日しました。) Nihongo o benkyoo-shimashita. (日本語を勉強しました。) Nihogo o ni-jikan benkyoo-shimashita. (日本語を二時間勉強しました。)
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NOUN1 to NOUN2
• Biiru to wain o nomimashita. • Kyooto to Nara ni ikimasu yo. • Ashita to asatte ikimasu. • Oburakuta-san to Randoree-san ga imasu.
• to is a • Particle • What does it do? • Joins two NOUNS to indicate “Noun1 and Noun2
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• “I went to the bank and the post office.” • Ginkoo to yuubinkyoku ni ikimashita.
• “I went to the bank and then I went home.” • Can we use to for this “and”? Why or why not?
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Noun X to + verb Y• A: Nakada-san wa hitori de ikimasita ka. • B: Iie, Yamada-san to ikimasita.
• A: Hitori de shimashita ka. • B: Iie, tomodachi to shimashita.
• Meaning? • to do verb Y “together with PERSON X”
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Particle to (Grammar 8)• Doyoobi to nichiyoobi ___ toshokan ___ benkyoo
shimashita. • Tomodachi to Kyooto ___ ikimashita. • Tookyoo to Kyooto ___ Madonna no konsaato ____
arimasu.
• Hanbaagaa to keeki ____ tabemashita. Piza ___ tabemasen deshita.
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