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to bring a charge/ a legal action/ a suit/ an appeala acuza; a intenta, un proces]
to abide by a law a se supune unei legi;
to bring verdict to a da o sentin;
to apply for a retrial a face a apel
to commit an offense/ a breach of the law/ a debauch [He committed an offenseagainst the State]
to prosecute for criminal offense [He was prosecuted by the Prosecution
Department from The Court of Law Iai]
The plaintiff (the claimant) suits the defendant- inculpat
I assert my rightto speak freely
To hold in custody
E. PERSONS IN COURT:
1. Defendant /Respondent = a person who is sued in a civil law suit;
2. Plaintiff = reasonably prudent person;
3. Expert witness = a person who has specialized knowledge of a
particular subject who is called to testify in court;
4. Appellant/ Petitioner = person who appeals a decision to a higher court;
5. Bailiff = officer of the court whose duties include keeping order and
assisting the judge and jurors;
6. Advocate = person who pleads cases in court;
Barristers (Lawyers, Advocates)
In England and Wales, a barristeris a member of one of the I nns of Cour t(=
the four law societies in London to which lawyers are members); he or she has passed
examinations and spent one year in pupillage(= training) before being called to the
bar(= being fully accepted to practise law). Barristers have the ri ght of audiencein
all courts in England and Wales: in other words, they have the right to speak, but theydo not have that right exclusively.
Magistrates
Magistrates usually work inMagistrates Courts. These courts hear cases of
petty crime, adoption, affiliation, maintenance and violence in the home. The court
can commit someone fortrial or forsentence in a Crown Cour t. There are two main
types of magistrates: stipendiarymagistrates (qualified lawyers who usually sit
alone); laymagistrates (unqualified, who sit as a benchof three and can only sit if
there is a justices clerkpresent to advise them).
Judges
In England,judges are appointedby the Lord Chancellor*. The minimumrequirement is that one should be a barrister orsolicitorof ten years standing. The
majority of judges are barristers, but they cannot practiseas barristers.
In other words, solicitors dont appear in court on a clients behalf and barristers
dont give legal advice to clients.
to bringbroughtbroughtto bring verdict to = a da o sentinto bring to = a face apelto bring a bill = a depune un proiect de lege
to bring a charge (against somebody to) = a acuzato bring a procedure to = a ncepe o procedur
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to bring a prosecution to = a ncepe urmrireato bring a suit to (against someone to) = a intenta cuiva un procesto bring an action to = a introduce o aciuneto bring an appeal to = a face apel, a ataca o hotrre judectoreascto bring before a judge = a aduce n faa unui judector / tribunal
to bring forward a complaint = a aduce o plngereto bring in a verdict of [not] guilty to = a [nu] se declara vinovatto bring in interest to = a aduce dobnzito bring in justice to = a chema n justiieto bring proceedings to = a intenta un procesto bring someone to trial to = a judeca pe cinevato bring the parties to = a pune prile fan fato givegavegivento give an administration order to = a institui un administrator financiar
to give a judgment to = a pronuna o sentin
to give an offence to = a aduce o jignire/ ofensto give evidence to = a da o depoziieto give forth to = a emite/ publica o tire/ o lege; a pronuna o hotrreto give in to = a ceda; a prezenta un documentto give information to = a denuna; a face un denunto give judgment to = a pronuna o sentin/ hotrreto give notice to = a concedia; a evacua; a da un preavizto give notice to somebody = a notifica de cevato give off = a emiteto give somebody in charge to = a da pe cineva pe mna poliiei
to give case for the defendant to = a pronuna o sentinn favoarea prtuluito give up to = a ceda; a renuna; a denuna; a preda justiieito give way = a ceda; a face concesiigiver = donatorgift = donaie; dargift by will = donaie testamentargift inter vivos = donaie ntre viigift purchase = dobndire prin donaiegift tax = impozit pe donaieto hear a case = a audia un cazto hear a case in camera to = a audia un proces cu uile nchiseto hear a witness = a audia un martorhearing = audiere; dezbatere judiciar; examinare; nfiare
Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They
are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a
spirit of brotherhood.
Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this
declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language,
religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other
status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political,
jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person
belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other
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limitation of sovereignty.
Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of freedom.
Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave
trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment orpunishment.
Article 6: Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before
the law.
Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any
discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in violation of this declaration and against any incitement
to such discrimination.
Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent
national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him / her by the
constitution or by law.
Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his / her rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him / her.
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1. damage(s) = Money claimed by someone as compensation for harm done = 1.
avarie; daun; deteriorare; degradare; pagube; prejudiciu; piedere; 2. daune interese;
despgubire
2. commit (to ) = To send someone to prison or to a court = 1. a ncarcera; a
trimite pe cineva n nchisoare; 2. a ncredina; a da n sarcina cuiva; a depune n faaunei comisii
3. judicial = An adjective referring to a judge or to the law = juridic; judicial;
judectoresc
4. innocent = Not guilty of a crime = nevinovat
5. offence = Any act which is not legal = 1. insult; jignire; ofens; 2. act ilegal;
contravenie; culp; delincven; delict penal (Marea Britanie); infraciune; 3.
agresiune; atac; crim; 4. act ilegal; crim; delict (SUA); infraciune (SUA)
6. lawyer = A person who has studied law and can act for people on legal
business = avocat; jurist; jurisconsult
7. dispute = A disagreement or argument between parties = conflict; contestaie;
controvers; disput; divergen; litigiu
8. tribunal = A specialist court outside the judicial system which examines
special problems = tribunal; curte de justiie
9. case = A set of arguments or facts put forward by one side in a legal
proceeding = afacere; argumente; caz; cauz; instan; proces; spe10. judge = An official who presides over a court = judector; magistrat;
judector la curtea regal(Martea Britanie)11. plead = To make an allegation in legal proceedings = a invoca drept scuz; a
pleda; a se justifica; a susine o cauz12. defendant = Someone who is accused of a crime in a criminal case = acuzat;
intimat; inculpat; prt; persoanacuzat13. claimant = A person who makes a claim against someone in a civil court =
reclamant; solicitant14. settlement = An agreement reached after an argument = 1. fixare; hotrre;
reglare; reglementare; rezolvare; soluionare; 2. acord; aranjament; convenie;
nelegere; tranzacie; 3. lichidare; achitare; 4. domiciliu legal
15. arrest = To hold someone legally so as to charge them with a crime = arest;
arestare; detenie; sechestrare; suspendare (a unei hotrri judectoreti)
16. hearing = A case which is being heard by a committee, tribunal or court of
law = audiere; dezbaere judiciar; examinare; nfiare
17. convict = To find that someone is guilty of a crime = 1. condamnat; deinut;
ocna; 2. dovadcare incrimineaz18. breach = Failure to carry out the terms of an agreement = infraciune;
nclcare a unui acord; violare a unui acord; nclcare a condiiilor contractului;nclcare a unei convenii; violare a unei convenii
19. prosecute = To bring someone to court to answer a criminal charge = a
conduce o afacere/ anchet; a da n judecat; a institui/ a intenta un proces; a deschide
o aciune public; a pune sub urmrire judiciar; a urmri n justiie/ pe cale
judectoreasc.
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20. appeal = To ask a high law court to change its decision or sentence = apel;
atacarea unei sentine judiciare; recurs
21. accuse = To say that someone has committed a crime = a acuza, a inculpa, a
invinovi, a incrimina
22. binding = Having the legal ability to force someone to do something =oblogatoriu, care leag, irevocabil
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23. civil = An adjective referring to the rights and duties of private persons or
organisations = civil
24. defence = The arguments used when fighting a case = aprare; mijloc de
aprare; argumntele folosite n favoarea unui acuzat ntr-un proces
25. contract = A legal agreement between two or more parties = contract
26. criminal = An adjective referring to crime = 1. asasin; delincvent; criminal;uciga; fptuitor al unei crime; persoancare comite infraciunea de crim; 2. penal;criminal
27. jury = A group of 12 citizens who decide whether or not someone is guilty
in a trial = curtea cu juri; jurai; juriu
28. evidence = A written or spoken statement of facts which helps to prove or
disprove something at a trial = dovad; depoziie; eviden; mrturie; prob29. fine = To order someone to pay money as a punishment = 1. amend; 2.
avans; acont; arvun; 3. primpltitpentru nnoirea unei locaiuni30. injunction = A court order telling someone to stop doing something, or not
to do = injunciune; ordin judectoresc de amnare; hotrre juridicde amnare_ International law glossary:
31. admit someone to the Bar (US) = to grant a person permission (from a Bar
association) to practise law (UK call someone to the Bar) = admitere, acceptare n
barou
32. advocate = person who pleads in court = avocat; aprtor; avocat pledant
33. affidavit = written statement which might be used as proof in court that
somebody makes after they have sworn officially to tell the truth = afidavit; declaraie
scriscudepunere de jurmnt utilca dovadn justiie34. appellant = person who appeals a decision to a higher court (US); see
petitioner= apelant; reclamant; reclamant n apel; recursant
35. appellate court (also court of appeal, appeals court) = court which reviews
judgments held by lower courts = curtea de apel
36. arbitration = form of dispute resolution (an alternative to litigation throughthe court system) in which disputes are heard and decided by an impartial arbitrator or
arbitrators, chosen by the parties to the dispute shares) = arbitraj; judecat37. bailiff (UK) = an officer of the sheriff who makes arrests and serves writs:
(US) a court officer who keeps order during court proceedings = aprod; portrel;
intendent; administrator; uier
38. the Bar (US) = legal profession; (UK) the profession of barristers = 1.
instan; 2. avocai; juriti; profesia de jurist; 3. avocatur, barou; 4. impediment
juridic; 5. bara n faa judectorului unde pledeazavocaii39. bar and bench = organization of lawyers which may regulate the profession
= avocaturi magistratur40. bar examination = (US) written examination taken by prospective lawyers inorder to qualify to practise law = interogare la bar70
41. Bar Vocational Course = (UK) required course to be taken.
42. by law = graduates wishing to practise law as a barrister. This is followed by
a period of pupillage = avocat stagiar
43. barrister (UK) = lawyer admitted to plead at the bar and in superior courts; a
member of one of the Inns of Court barristers chambers offices of barristers or a
group of barristers = avocat pledant la curtea superioar; membru al baroului; avocant
pledant (Marea Britanie)
44. benefit of the bargain = damages; see expectation damages = beneficiul
contractual45. bill = formal proposal for legislation = 1. act; 2. proiect de lege; 3.
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reclamaie; 4. bancnot, cambie; notde plat; poli46. breach of contract = failure to perform a contractual obligation or
interference with another partys performance which incurs a right for the other party
to claim damages = nclcare a unui contract; nerespectare a unor termeni
contractuali; nendeplinire/ violare a contractului
47. brief document = or set of documents containing the details of a court case =concluzii juridice; dosar al unui proces; expunere a dovezilor aprrii; rezumat
48. by-law = (UK) municipal law (US ordinance) = decizie a autoritii locale
49. call to the Bar = (UK) granting of permission to practise law as a barrister
(US admission to the Bar) = a admite n barou; a admite stagiari
50. case law (also common law; judge-made law) = body of law formed through
judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written
legislation = autoritatea lucrului judecat; jurispruden; precedente
51. civil law = 1) legal system developed from Roman codified law, established
by a state for its regulation; 2) area of the law concerned with non criminal matters,
rights and remedies = cod civil; drept civil
52. claimant = (UK) person who brings a civil action; (US) plaintiff =
reclamant; solicitant
53. clerk = (UK) court employee who takes records, files papers and issues
processes; (US) also a law student who assists a lawyer or a judge with legal work
such as research or writing = grefier; funcionar; secretar; vnztor n magazin (SUA)
54. common law (also case law; judge-made law) = body of law formed through
judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written
legislation = drept cutumiar; drept jurisprudenial
55. complaint = first pleading filed on behalf of a plaintiff which initiates a
lawsuit, setting forth the facts on which the claim is based (civil law).
56. confer = to grant, to bestow = cerere de deschidere a unui proces; plngere;
reclamaie
57. conflict of interest = clash between a persons personal interests and theirpublic or fiduciary responsibilities consensual agreed to by all parties = conflict de
interese
58. court of first instance = see lower court= judectorie (SUA); instana de
fond; prima instande judecat; instana de jurisdicie la care s-a introdus aciunea59. criminal law (also penal law) = area of law that deals with crime,
punishment or penalties = drept penal; cod penal (Marea Britanie, crown law)
60. crown court = (UK) higher court of first instance for criminal cases in
England and Wales. Together with the High Court of Justice and the Court of Appeal,
it forms the Supreme Court of Judicature; Appeals from the Crown Court go to the
criminal division of the Court of Appeal and then to the House of Lords.
61. damage loss = or harm as a result of injury =71
62. default = failure to perform a duty, whether legal or contractual; failure to
pay a sum that is due = 1. absen; contumacie; lips; neprezentare; 2. incapacitate de
a plti o datorie; insolvabilitate; nendeplinire a unei obligaii; neplat; neachitarea
unei datorii
63. defendant = (also respondent) person against whom an action is brought in
court. Defendant is generally used when referring to the answering party to a civil
complaint; respondent is generally used when referring to the answering party to a
petition for a court order = acuzat; intimat; inculpat; prt; persoanacuzat64. delegate = to give (duties) to another, to entrust another (with duties) = a
delega65. delegate = (UK) third party in a delegation to whom the duties have been
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transferred (US detegatee).
66. delegation of duties = transfer of responsibilities to be performed under a
contract to another = delegaie; subrogaie
67. delegator = person who transfers his duties to another = delegator
68. delivery = formal act of transferring something or passing possession on to
someone else = 1. distribuire; livrare; predare; 2. cesiune; punere n stpnire; transfer69. directive = order from a central authority, for example, the European
Community. A European Community Directive is binding as to the result, but each
Member State may choose how to implement it = directiv68. disability = condition of being unable to do something due to a physical or
mental impairment = incapacitate; dizabilitate
69. disbar = (US) to declare a person unable to practise law. In the UK the
barrister is expelled from his or her Inn of Court and is no longer allowed to represent
in court = a exclude; a radia din baroul avocailor
70. discharge = to release a person from an obligation = 1. a se achita de o
obligaie; a disculpa; a dezvinovi; 2. a se elibera; a concedia; a pune n libertate; a
da drumul n nchisoare; 3. a achita; a plti; 4. a descrca
71. disclaimer = repudiation or denial of a legal right or claim = renunare
explicit; refuz
72. draft = to produce a piece of writing or a plan that you intend to change later
= 1. ciorn; proiect; schi; 2. platprin cambie sau bilet de ordin73. duress = unlawful threat or coercion used to force someone to enter into a
contract = ameninare; coerciie; constrngere; deteniune; declaraie obinutsubconstrngere; privare de libertate; violen74. duty solicitor = avocat numit din oficiu
75. duty of care = obligation of a person to act with = obligaia de precauie; de
circumspecie; obligaia de diligen76. employment tribunal = judicial body that resolves disputes = tribunalul
conflictelor de munc77. endorsement = (UK) writing, including signature, on the back of a document
which allows for the transfer of the instrument (US indorsement) = aprobare;
adeziune; andorsare; act modificator al unui contract anterior; gir
78. enforceable = capable of being made effective. In the case of an agreement,
it is one in which one party can legally compel the performance of the other party =
executoriu
79. enforceable right = interest the law gives effect or force = drept executoriu
80. essential term = provision required for a contract to exist = element esenial
al unui contract
81. et alii = (et al.) (Latin) and others.
7282. et cetera = (etc.) (Latin) and other things of the same kind.
83.exempli gratia = (e.g.) (Latin) for example.
84. exemplary damages = seepunitive damages = daune interese pentru
prejudicii morale
85. expectation damages = (also benefit of the bargain damages); compensation
for the loss of benefits that a person would have received had the contract been
performed = daune inerente
86. expert witness = person who the court considers to possess specialised
knowledge or skill and who is allowed to offer an opinion as testimony in court =
martor specialist
87. fee = simple whole interest in a piece of real property; the broadest interestin property allowed by common law = 1. cotizaie; onorariu; remuneraie; tax; 2.
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poperietate motenit88. fiduciary = obligation to act solely in the best interests of another = curator;
depozitar; executor; testamentar; fiduciar; motenitor fiduciar
89. file with = to officially record (e.g. in a court of law) = a nregistra un act; a
pune n dosar
90. model = document or agreement with blank spaces to be filled in91. formation = act of bringing a contract into existence = ntemeiere; fondare
92. fraud = deliberate misrepresentation or concealment of a material fact to
gain an advantage = fraud93. fraud = the inducement of the act of misrepresenting or misleading someone
so as to entice them to enter into a contract or agreement = a frauda
94. good faith = state of mind whereby a person has an honest conviction = buncredin95. high court = (UK) court which hears serious civil cases and appeals from
county courts; (USsupreme court) = curtea supremde justiie96. id est = (i.e.) (Latin) that is.
97. infringement = unauthorized use of material protected by copyright, patent
or trademark law = abuz; infraciune; nclcare; violare; violare/ nclcare a legii
98. inheritance = property which can be transferred after death to a heir =
motenire
99. injunction = official order from a court for a person to stop doing something
= injunciune, ordin judectoresc de amnare; hotrre juridicde amnare.100. injured party = a party that has suffered a violation of its legal rights =
partea vtmat101. Inn of Court = one of the four institutions that barristers in the UK must
join in order to practise law as barristers
102. instrument = written formal legal document = act juridic; contract;
document oficial
103. intent = mental desire / willingness to act in a certain way = intenie; scop;nelesul unei formulri ntr-o lege/ document.
104. inter alia = (Latin) among other things.
105. ipso facto = (Latin) by the very fact itself.
106. issue = to produce or provide something official = 1. chestiune problem;
2. a emite; a elabora; a promulga; a soluiona
107. judge = public official who hears and decides cases in court = judector
108. judge-made law = (also case law. common law)body of law formed
through judicial/court decisions, as opposed to law formed through statutes or written
legislation = jurispruden73
109. judgment lien = lien imposed on a person against whom a judgment hasbeen entered but remains unsatisfied = drept de sechestru
110. juris doctor (JD) = (US) law degree (UK LLB).
111. juvenile court = court that hears cases involving children under a certain
age = tribunalul minorilor; instana care judecprocesele unde sunt implicai minori112. law school (US) = graduate school offering courses in law leading to a law
degree = facultatea de drept; studii n drept
113. legal entity = individual or organization that can enter into contracts, is
responsible for its actions and can be sued for damages = persoanjuridic114. legal opinion = document outlining a lawyers understanding of the law
regarding a particular situation = consult juridic
115. legal person = artificial entity created by law and given legal rights andduties; for example a corporation = persoanjuridic
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116. Legal Practice Course (LPC) = (UK) course that must be completed before
a person can be qualified as a solicitor. It is the first step to becoming a solicitor (the
second being working as a trainee solicitor, and the last being successful completion
of the Professional Skills Course).
117. licence = (UK) permission or authority to do something which would
otherwise be illegal. No interest is transferred in this case. (US license) = autorizaie;permis; licen(Marea Britanie); act de cesiune; autorizaie; brevet; cesiune; patent;permis; licen(SUA)118. lien = interest or attachment in anothers property as security for payment
of an obligation = 1. amanet; garanie; gaj; privilegiu; zlog; 2. drept de sechestru;
drept de retenie; drept de gaj cu deposedare; drept de sechestru pe averea datornicului
119. lien creditor = creditor whose claim is secured by a lien = datornic sub
drept de gaj
120. life estate = state granted only for the life of the grantee = posesiune
viager; uzufruct imobiliar viager
121. life tenant = person who holds a life estate or an estatepur autre vie, or for
the benefit of another = uzufructuar ()
122. liquidated damages = (alsostipulafed damages) compensatton that is
agreed to in the contract = despgubiri/ daune interese precizate n cazul neexecutrii
contractului
123. LLB (Legal Baccalaureus) = (UK) Bachelor of Laws, law degree (US JD,
juris doctor)
124. lower court (also court of first instance) court whose decisions may be
appealed to a higher court = judectorie (SUA); instana de fond; prima instandejudecat; instana de jurisdicie la care s-a introdus aciunea
125. magistrates court = (UK) court that has very limited powers = curtea
magistrailor
126. maker = person who makes a promissory note = promitorul
127. market economy = economic system which permits the open exchange ofgoods and services between producers and consumers. In a market economy prices
and production are largely determined by supply and demand. The contrasting model
to a market economy is central planning and a nonmarket economy = economia de
pia128. material breach = breach of contract which is so fundamental or significant
that the non breaching party is excused from its contractual obligations and may
recover damages = violare/nerespectare n fapt
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129. memorandum of association = (UK) legal document that sets out the
important elements of the corporation, including its name, address, objects and
powers. It is one of the two fundamental documents upon which registration of acompany is based. (US articles ofincorporation) = contract de asociere;
memorandum de asociere; statut al unei societi
130. merchant = person who is engaged in the buying and selling of goods for
profit = 1. comerciant; negustor; 2. comercial (merchant bank = banccomercial)131. merchantability warranty = implied by law that something is fit for the
ordinary purposes for which it is used.
132. minutes = notes or records of business conducted at a meeting = dare de
seam; proces-verbal
133. monopoly = organization or group that has complete control of an area of
business so that others have no share = monopol
134. moot court = fictitious court where law students argue hypothetical cases135. mortgage = transfer of legal title of a property, often land, to another as
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secunty for payment of a debt = 1. amanet; garanie; gaj; ipotec; ipotecare; 2. act de
amanetare; act de ipotecare; 3. mprumut ipotecar; mprumut imobiliar
136. motion = application to a court to obtain an order, rulling, or decision =
moiune
137. nemo dat rule = principle that states that one cannot give away more than
one possesses. If one does not possess title to something, then one cannot transfer titleof that thing to another.
138. non-consensual = not agreed to or formed by agreement of all parties =
neconsensual
139. non-obvious = quality of an invention being unexpected or surprising or
sufficiently different from other existing things. It is often a requirement for obtaining
a patent = neclar
140. notice = document providing notification of a fact, claim, or proceeding =
aviz; avertisment; consult; notificare; sfat
141. novation = substitution of an obligation with a new one, thereby canceling
the old obligation = mod de stingere a obligaiei; novaiune
142. obligee = person to whom a right is owed = creditor
143. obligor = person who owes a right = debitor
144. offeree = party to whom an offer is made = propuntor de ofert145. offeror = party that displays a willingness to enter into a contract of
specified terms = ofertant
146. ordinance = (US) municipal law (UKby-law) = decret; ordonan147. paralegal = person who assists a lawyer with legal advice but is not a
lawyer = paralegal
148. Parol Evidence = the rule that evidence, apart from the actual contract itself
cannot modify, explain, vary or contradict the written terms of a contract = depoziia
martorului; depoziie verbal; mrturie n instan(parole = eliberare condiionat)149. party = person or entity involved in an agreement = parte legal; persoanlegal150. pass of judgment/ a sentence = to give a verdict = a pronuna o sentin.
151. patent = grant from the government giving exclusive rights to an inventor
to make, use or sell an invention for a specified period of time = sentin152. payee = person who is being paid in a bill of exchange = beneficiarul unei
pli; creditorul unei cambii
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153. pecuniary compensation = remedy that involves compensating through
money = despgubire pecuniar154. penal law = (also criminal) area of law that deals with crime, punishment
or penalties = drept penal
155. per annum = (Latin) per year.156. per se = (Latin) by itself.
157. personal property = (also chattels in common law) things that are moveable
(as opposed to real property) and capable of being owned = avere mobiliar; bunuri
mobiliare; bunuri mobile; proprietate personal158. petitioner = (US) person who brings a petition to a court, especially on
appeal = petiionar; reclamant; solicitant
159. pleading = formal written statement setting forth the cause of action or the
defence in a case = dezbatere judiciar; pledoarie; procedurjuridic; concluzii160. pledge = property which is security for a debt or obligation = amanet;
asigurare; gaj; mrturie; obligaie; promisiune
161. pledgee = person who receives a pledge or the creditor in a securedtransaction = amenetar; creditor gajist; deintor al unui obiect gajat
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162. pledgor = person who gives a pledge or the debtor in a secured transaction
= datornic cu gaj; debitor gajist; persoancare amaneteaz163. priority right = right to enforce a claim before others = drept de preferin164. pro forma = (Latin) as a matter of form.
165. pro rata = (Latin) proportionally.
166. promisee = person to whom a promise oran assurance that something willor will not be done is made = beneficiar al unei promisiuni
167. promisor = person who makes a promise or an assurance that they will or
will not do something = promitor
168. promissory note = formal unconditional written note made and signed by a
person obligating him or her to pay a specified sum of money to another specified
person or to the bearer of the document = bilet la ordin
169. punitive damages = (also exemplary damages) compensation designed to
punish the breaching party for conduct found to be reprehensible, e.g. fraud =
despgubiri punitive
170. pupilage = (UK) one year of apprenticeship to become a barrister which
follows the completion of the Bar Vocational Course = stagiu de pregtire a unui
avocat
171.pur autre vie = estate granted only for the life of someone other than the
grantee.
172. real property = land including anything attached to it = bunuri imobiliare;
bunuri imobile; dreptul, titlul sau cota pe care o are o persoann posesia uneiproprieti imobiliare; proprietate imobiliar; proprietate real173. reasonably prudent person (also reasonable person) = fictitious person
used as a standard for legal reasoning in negligence cases
174. Registrar of Companies = (UK) officer in charge of keeping the list of
limited companies registered at the Companies House.
175. regulation = order controlling through rules or restrictions = dispoziii;
instruciuni; prescripii; reglementare; regulament; regul176. rejection = refusal to accept an offer = respingere (to reject a claim = a
contesta o crean)
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177. release = to discharge a person from an obligation = 1. anulare; eliberare;
eliberare condiionat; punere n libertate; scutire; 2. autorizaie; permis; 3. cesiune;
transfer
178. remedy = means of preventing, redressing or compensating a violation of a
right = compensaie; despgubire; recurs; remediu; reparaii juridice
179. respondent = see defendant= acuzat, inculpat; intimat; reclamant;
responsabil; vinovat
180. restitution damages = compensation which is equal to the amount of moneythe breaching party received under the breached contract = daune de restituire
181. right = interest that is recognised and protected by law = drept; justiie;
privilegiu
182. right of fair use = (US) defence to a claim of copyright infringement
whereby permission from the artist is not required so long as usage of that artists work
is reasonable and limited (UK). The concept of fairdealingis the closest equivalent:
however, fair dealing is more restrictive than the US doctrine of fair use and in order
to be protected, the use has to fall in one of several categories).
183. security = property pledged in order to secure the fulfillment of a promise
or loan = 1. cauiune, garanie; gaj; 2. garant; girant
184. senior partner = person who has been a partner of a law firm for manyyears (the exact number of years may differ in each firm): in some law firms, an
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official title given to some partners = avocat care are dreptul de a pleda n consiliul
reginei
185. serve = a document on someone; to deliver a legal document to someone
(which usually demands they go to a court of law or obey an order) = a deservi; a
ispi o pedeaps; a notifica; a preda o citaie/ somaie
186. sex discrimination =different treatment, usually awarding privileges tosome and denying privileges to others based on gender = discriminare sexual187. sic (Latin) = thus.
188. single European market = established under the Single European Act, came
into effect on 1 January 1993: the core of the process of European economic
integration involving the removal of obstacles to the free movement of goods,
services, people and capital between member states of the European Union = piaunic189. small-claims court = court that handles civil claims for limited amounts of
money = tribunal de plngeri minore
190. sole practitioner = lawyer who practises on his/her own = avocat liber
profesionist
191. solicitor = (UK) lawyer who is qualified to give legal advice and prepare
legal documents = 1. petiionar; petent; solicitant; 2. avocat consultatnt; consilier
juridic; jurist; consilier judectoresc (SUA)
192. sole practice = law practice with only one lawyer = practicliber193. special damages = (also consequential damages) damages that are awarded
due to a particular wrong or particular circumstances =
194. statute = formal written law created by a legislative body such as a
parliament, as opposed to a law created through the courts = act legislativ; lege;
ordonan; regulament; statut
195. statutory forms = forms required by law = acte statutare
196. statutory lien = security interest created by legislation due to the economic
relationship between the debtor and the creditor = ipoteclegal; statutory burglary =furt calificat
197.submit = to deliver a document formally for a decision to be made by others
= a prezenta un document / o ofert; a supune ateniei
198. sui juris = (Latin) of ones own right: able to exercise one's own legal
rights.
199. tangible chattel/ property = property other than land that is capable of being
touched or felt = bunuri corporale; proprietate tangibil200. tort = wrong committed between private individuals for which the law
provides a remedy = delict; ofens; pagub; prejudiciu
201. trade mark = (UK) word, phrase or symbol used by a manufacturer, seller
or dealer to distinguish their goods apart from the goods of others (US trademark) =marccomercial202. trade union = (UK) association of employees formed to further their mutual
interests with respect to their employment, for example working hours, wages,
conditions, etc. (US labor union) = sindicat
203. trainee solicitor = (UK) position of one who is completing the practical
apprenticeship required for a person to qualify as a solicitor. It is the second step to
becoming a solicitor (follows the completion of the legal Practice Course and is
followed by the Professional Skills Course) = avocat stagiar
204. tribunal = body with either judicial or quasi-judicial functions = tribunal
205. ultra vires = (Latin) unauthorised; beyond a person's legal powers.
206. usufruct = right to use another persons property for a period of time, to belater restored to the owner with only ordinary wear and tear = uzufruct
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207. versus = (vs, or v,) (Latin) against
208. vest = 1) to give full title to a property to a person; 2) to give a person an
immediate fixed right = a nvesti; a mputernici; a transfera un drept legal
209. videlicet = (viz.) (Latin) as follows.
210. writ = document informing someone that they will be involved in a legal
process and instructing them what they must do = citaie; document; nscris; mandat;ordonan; somaie
211. written resolution = written expression of an intention or opinion decided at
a meeting = decizie scris212. stipendiary = a full-time paid magistrate who has qualified as a lawyer.
213. lay magistrate = unpaid and is an established member of the local
community.
214. circuit = a geographical division for legal purposes; England and Wales are
divided into six.
215. recorder = a part-time judge with ten years standing as a barrister or
solicitor = arhivar (Marea Britanie); avocat numit de coroann funcia de judector;