Download - GHG presentation 2 [Autosaved]
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Following Seasonal Flooding of Southeast Asian Tropical River Deltas
Amy Salvador[2] Michael Schaefer[1] Kate Roberts[1] Marco Keiluweit[1] Sam Ying[2] Scott Fendorf[1]
August 13th 2015
[1] Stanford University [2]University of California, Riverside
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Global Scale Soil Carbon & Nitrogen
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Global Scale Soil Carbon & Nitrogen
?
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Why is this important?
CO2
CH4N2O
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Why is this important?
CO2
CH4N2O
How much C & N from flooded soil?
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Overarching Goal
• Be able to project the contribution of natural and anthropic flooding to Greenhouse gases
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Soil
Biosphere
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Soil
BiosphereRespiration &
Photosynthesis
CO2
SugarsO2
Microbes
Plants
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Soil
Terrestrial
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Soil
Terrestrial
INPUT OUTP
UT
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Soil
Hydrosphere
Weathering
Carbon
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Carbon
Carbon
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Global Scale Soil Moisture
Illustration courtesy European Space Agency. image © ESA
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Why in the Mekong Delta?Wet Season Dry Season
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Research Question
What are the effects of flooding of soil on greenhouse gas emissions?
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Hypothesis
When soil moisture is high, methane concentration is high and carbon dioxide concentration as well as nitrous oxide is low.
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Field Sampling Lysimeter
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Field Sampling Lysimeter
Porous
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Field Sampling
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
H2O
Lysimeter
Other Elements (Ions)
Other Elements (Ions)
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Field Sampling Lysimeter
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Licor Cores with Rhizon Samplers
Soil Core
Laboratory Methods
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Cores with Rhizon Samplers
Laboratory Methods
LicorSoil Core
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Laboratory Methods
Soil CoreLicor Cores with
Rhizon Samplers
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CO2 Exchange in Dry Conditions
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O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry Conditions
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O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry ConditionsCO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
CO2
Drying
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Results of Flooding Conditions
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O2
Results of Flooding Conditions
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O2
Results of Flooding Conditions
Carbon
+
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O2
Results of Flooding ConditionsCO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Small CO2 Peak
May 10 – 24,2015
Flooding Event
CO2
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Results of Flooding Conditions
H2
O
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Results of Flooding Conditions
H2
OCarbo
n+
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CO2
CO2 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Small CO2 Peak
May 10 – 24,2015
Flooding Event
CO2
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O2
CO2 Exchange in Dry ConditionsCO2
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
CO2 Flux
May 10 – 24,2015
Flooding Event
CO2
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O2
CH4 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
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CH4 Exchange in Flooded Conditions
Carbon
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5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
CH4 Exchange in Flooded Conditions CH4Flooding Event
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
CH4
CO2
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O2
Gas Exchange When Soil Dries
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N2O Gas Exchange When Soil Dries
O2 Nitroge
n+
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N2O Gas Exchange When Soil DriesN2O
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flooding Event
CH4
N2OCO2
Drying
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{Zone
of
Biot
ic
Influ
ence
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6/14/2
015 1
4:00
5/13/2
015 1
7:00
4/11/2
015 2
0:00
3/10/2
015 2
3:00
2/7/20
15 2:
00
1/6/20
15 5:
00
12/5/
2014
8:00
11/3/
2014
11:00
10/2/
2014
14:00
20253035404550556065
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Water at Biotic Zone (Depth 7 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
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6/14/2
015 1
4:00
5/10/2
015 4
:00
4/4/20
15 18
:00
2/28/2
015 8
:00
1/23/2
015 2
2:00
12/19
/2014
12:00
11/14
/2014
2:00
10/9/
2014
16:00
20253035404550556065
020406080100120140160
Water at Biotic Zone (Depth 7 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)
NPO
C (m
g/L)
“O
rgan
ic
Carb
on”
High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
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{
Zone
of
Biot
ic
Abse
nce
{Zone
of
Biot
ic
Influ
ence
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{{Zo
ne o
f Bi
otic
In
fluen
ce
Zone
of
Biot
ic
Abse
nce
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6/14/2
015 1
4:00
5/15/2
015 1
1:30
4/15/2
015 9
:00
3/16/2
015 6
:30
2/14/2
015 4
:00
1/15/2
015 1
:30
12/15
/2014
23:00
11/15
/2014
20:30
10/16
/2014
18:00
20
25
30
35
40
45
5055
Water Below Biotic Zone (Depth 21 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e [%
]High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
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20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
0
10
20
30
40
50
60Water Below Biotic Zone (Depth 21 cm)
Date 10/1/2014 – 6/1/2015
Soil
Moi
stur
e (%
)
NPO
C (m
g/L)
“O
rgan
ic
Carb
on”
High Soil Moisture Decreasing Soil Moisture
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O2
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O2
C CC
CC
C
C
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O2
C CC
CC
C
C
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O2
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Summary
Gas Emissions Available aqueous Carbon Soil Carbon availability
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Summary
Gas Emissions Available aqueous Carbon Soil Carbon availability
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
Flux
5/10/15 5/12/15 5/14/15 5/16/15 5/18/15 5/20/15 5/22/15 5/24/15
CH4
N2OCO2
Flooding Event Drying
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Summary
Gas EmissionsAvailable aqueous Carbon Soil Carbon availability
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Summary
Gas Emissions Available aqueous CarbonSoil Carbon availability
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My piece applied to larger goal
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“Organic carbon oxidation rates, as measured by dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations, further support arsenic liberation via near-surface anaerobic microbial respiration.”
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Water Quality
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Water Quality
Food Security
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Water Quality
Food Security
Climate Change
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Acknowledgements
Michael Schaefer Scott Fendorf Fendorf Lab Group Guangchao Li Doug Turner Samantha Ying Wakuna Galega Jerry Harris Tenea Nelson Lupe Carillo
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Thank You