Download - Grade 8 Biodiversity
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Levels of Biodiversity
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Genetic diversity - different genes & combinations of
genes within populations
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Species
Organisms that have the potential to interbreed in nature
and produce viable, fertile offspring
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Population
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring.
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Species diversity - number of different species represented in a
given community
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Ecosystem diversity -
variation in the
ecosystems found in a
region
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Which is more diverse?
A B
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Which is more diverse?
A B
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Which is more diverse?
A B
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A B
Which is more diverse?
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Which has more biodiversity?
A B
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There is an estimated 8.74 million
species on the planet.
86% of all land species and 91% of all
marine species have NOT been
discovered yet.
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Genetic diversity: source of variations that enablepopulations to adapt to environmental changes
Species diversity: important in maintaining structureof communities and food webs
Ecosystem diversity: provides life-sustaining servicessuch as nutrient cycling and waste decomposition
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Threats to biodiversity•H•I•P•P•O
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lacanja_burn.JPG
Habitat Loss
Habitat loss is the greatest reason for
biodiversity loss.
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Mid 1960’s Mid 1970’s Mid 1980’s
Primary Forest Secondary Forest
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Invasive / Exotic Species
Introduced usually by human activities.
They are generally thought to cause
economic or environmental harm.
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Are all invasive/introduced species harmful?
•Most introduced species are beneficial to society.
• Introduced species provide food, shelter, medicine, and aesthetic pleasure.
•Some organisms are introduced to control the populations of invasive species.
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Pollution
Pollution (Oil spills, human agricultural waste,
fertilization, pesticides, acid deposition,
greenhouse gases, etc) caused by human activities
has a negative effect on biodiversity.
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Population (Overpopulation)
•7.3 Billion and counting.
•The expansion of human population and affluence, especially in the developing world harms natural ecosystems.
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Overharvesting, Overuse, Overexploitation
•Overhunting, overfishing, destructive harvesting practices (cyanide, dynamite), illegal trade, exotic pet industry
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Destructive Fishing Practices
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Seventy percent of each haul of
trawler fishing is considered by-
catch.
Dolphin as by-catch in drift net.
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