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Overview - What is Amateur Radio?- Ham Radio Activities- IT and Amateur Radio- Ham Radio Internet Linking
- The IRLP Network- IRLP Hardware- IRLP Software- Using IRLP
- Listening- For More Info...- Demonstration
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What is Amateur Radio?
Licensed as a public service by theFederal Communications Commission
voluntary non-commercial
communications,with an emphasis on providing emergency communications
advancement of the radio art advancing communication and technical
skills and provide trained operators,technicians and electronics experts
promote international goodwill 680,000 hams in the U.S., 18,000 in NC
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Entertainers: Chet Atkins WA4CZD, RonnieMilsap WB4KCG, Marlon Brando FO5GJ, Patty
Loveless KD4WUJ, Gary Shandling KD6OY, BurlIves KA6HVA, Arthur Godfrey K4LIB, Priscilla
Presley N6YOS
Celebrity Hams
Joe Walsh WB6ACU
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.
A huge number of politicians and royals including:
Gov. George Pataki N2ZCZ, Sen. Barry GoldwaterK7UGA, Spains King Juan Carlos EA0JC, Jordan's
King Hussein JY1 and Queen Noor JY2, ArgentinasPres. Carlos Menem LU1SM, Indias Rajiv Gandhi
VU2RG
Famous and infamous hams: most astronauts, Hugh Downs
KD6WUS, Art Bell W6OBB, Kevin
Mitnick N6NHG, and the authorof The Joy of Sex, Dr. Alex
Comfort KA6UXR
Walter Cronkite
KB2GSD
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Celebrity non-Hams
Forest Whitaker Phenomenon
Dennis Quaid
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non-Celebrity Hams
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Amateur Radio Activities
HF (shortwave) VHF/UHF and repeaters Morse code, analog voice
Public Service/Emergencies Home-building equipment
Dxing (long distancecontacts)
Contesting Amateur Radio Satellites Digital Modes
TV TV
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IT and Amateur Radio Computer-Controlled Modes
Packet Radio Narrow Band Teletype (e.g. PSK-31) Amateur Television IEEE 802.11b WiFi / HSMM
GPS & APRS Amateur Radio Satellites Internet Radio Linking Remote Bases and Web Radio
Digital Signal Processing Software Defined Radio Spread Spectrum Technology Contact Logging Software
Antenna Design
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Computer
Computer
Internet Distant Radioor RepeaterRadio Link
MobileStation
RadioorRepeat
er
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Repeater: A station that simultaneouslyretransmits the transmission of another
station over a wider area on anotherfrequency
446 MHzup
441 MHzdown
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PC -or- Radio Access: eQSO (Windows)
iLink (Windows) WIRES (Windows) EchoLink (Windows or linux)
Radio-only Access IRLP (linux)
Ham Radio - Internet Linking
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Created by Dave Cameron VE7LTD of Vancouver, BC
Dave was frustrated with the unreliableoperation of Windows-based Iphone and
turned to linux.
Iphone and other systems use VOX.IRLP uses COS.
IRLP is radio-access only.
The Internet Radio Linking
Project (IRLP)
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Dave VE7LTD and Pete VK2YX
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November 1998 - 2December 1999 +10= 12
June 2000 +20 = 32
December 2000 +29 = 61June 2001 +61 = 122
December 2001 + 199 = 321June 2002 + 236 = 557
December 2002 +263 = 820
IRLP Growth
database records 1/1/03
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445 United States154 Canada
54 Australia + New Zealand49 Europe12 Caribbean + Bermuda6 Japan3 Southern Africa2 Ecuador, Mexico1 India1 Antarctica
IRLP Network
active nodes 4/1/03
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Australia and New Zealand
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.browardflag.com/images/images_world/unitedki.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.browardflag.com/world.htm&h=180&w=270&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dunited%2Bkingdom%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Denhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.browardflag.com/images/images_world/unitedki.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.browardflag.com/world.htm&h=180&w=270&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dunited%2Bkingdom%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Den -
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Europe
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/BC_flag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/vancouver.html&h=149&w=247&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbritish%2Bcolumbia%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa%http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/BC_flag.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.thesandbox.net/arm/travel/british_columbia/vancouver.html&h=149&w=247&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbritish%2Bcolumbia%2Bflag%26num%3D20%26hl%3Den%26sa% -
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North America
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Example:Los Angeles Area Nodes
3520 WB6EGR Burbank 448.480
8590 KF6PXL Corona
7380 K7QT Highland 449.840
3190 WD8CIK Hollywood 446.560
3170 WD6AWP Huntington Beach 145.140
3609 K6GTZ Lakewood 51.500
3745 KE6HRV Long Beach 144.480
3040 WA6JFK Los Angeles 1294.600
3650 KE6PCV Los Angeles 447.720
3760 N6JVH Los Angeles 447.240
3830 WB5EKU Los Angeles 447.200
3910 WB6DAO Los Angeles 447.600
5610 KF6CPI Los Angeles 224.580
8630 KE6YGM Mission Viejo 144.440
3670 N6JVH North Hills
3140 KE6DGM Norwalk 449.340
5850 KJ6W Palmdale 445.600
3030 KB6THO Pasadena 224.480
3340 WR6JPL Pasadena 224.080
7170 W6EKZ Pomona 144.440
3448 KJ6KB Rancho Palos Verdes [WALA IV] 145.7254810 KF6FM Riverside
5900 WB9RNW San Fernando Valley 445.180
3846 WB6T San Juan Capistrano 447.540
3100 N6KNW Santa Clarita 51.860
3510 WB6EGR Santa Clarita 927.500
3410 KD6GDB Santa Monica 145.800
4690 KF6JEE Woodcrest 446.280
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IRLP is based on Speak Freely for Linux .Speak Freely for linux is Open Source,
while Speak Freely for Windows is GPL.
Linux offered the best in reliability,programmability, efficiency, and
functionality.
IRLP currently ships with RH 7.3 and willrun on a 486 DX100 or better computer(init=3).
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Typical IRLP Node
Standard PC, P100 or better Linux (Red Hat 7.3) SB16 ISA soundcard
Custom IRLP computer/radio controlinterface Radio Dedicated internet connection
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IRLP Control Board
Does COS, PTT & DTMF
DB9 IRLP to Radio Interface
LPT1 to IRLP Jumper Cable
Custom Red Hat CD-ROM
Boot Diskette
Custom IRLP Software
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DB9forradiointer-face
DB25 for DataControl fromLPT1 & IRLP
+12VDCfrom PC
v.2 I RLP card
http://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/irlp/vwp?.dir=/IRLP+PIC%27S/IRLP+INTERFACE+CARD&.dnm=IRLP+INTERFACE+BOARD.jpg&.src=gr&.view=t&.hires=thttp://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/irlp/vwp?.dir=/IRLP+PIC%27S/IRLP+INTERFACE+CARD&.dnm=IRLP+INTERFACE+BOARD.jpg&.src=gr&.view=t&.hires=t -
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Indicators on v.2 Control Board
DTMF Decode Sense Carrier Operated Squelch Sense PTT out to Link Radio or Controller
http://photos.groups.yahoo.com/group/irlp/vwp?.dir=/IRLP+PIC%27S/IRLP+INTERFACE+CARD&.dnm=IRLP+BOARD+SIDE+VIEW.jpg&.src=gr&.view=t&.hires=t -
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v.3 IRLP card features surface-mount components
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100MB Switch
10MB Hub
Linksys Router
DualBand2M/440
Control Xcvr
4270 Link Radio 4260 Link Radio
Audio Equalizer and Broadcast Leveling
KD4RAANode 4260 / 4270Configuration
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What Happens During aCall?
Notes from Dave Cameron, VE7LTD
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DTMF Decode
DTMF program monitors COS and DTMF Once detected DTMF sequence passed
to the decode script Decode script checks custom_decode
for matches Assuming a call is decoded, call script is
started with the node number as theargument
VE7LTD
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Call Script
Best server is determined by usingfind_best_server script
Best server is asked for latest IP of node being called
If IP received is different from IP inhosts file, a new hosts file is d/l frombest server
Irlp_call is started, and a TCPconnection is made to the called nodeon port 15425
VE7LTD
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IRLP_CALL /
IRLP_ANSWER Remote node starts irlp_answer in
response to TCP call on port 15425
PGP security performs a dualchallenge to ensure calling node is anIRLP node
Codec (GSM/ADPCM) is determined Irlp_call and irlp_answer start speak
freely software on UDP ports 2074 and2075
VE7LTD
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During the Call
Irlp_call and irlp_answer sendkeepalives in the background. If
keepalive fails, the connection drops(every 15 sec) Irlp_call and irlp_answer keep open info
channel to pass dtmf regeneration info,
disconnect/timeout message
VE7LTD
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Disconnects
Disconnecting node uses TCP infochannel to send disconnect message.
Both nodes run the off script Unexpected drop in the TCP connectionprompts reset of IRLP node
If the timeout elapses, disconnect issent
VE7LTD
NCSU
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Audio streaming is enabled when the link radioreceives a signal with COS and keys the IRLP
interface card.
The sound card receives the radios audio andcreates a continuous mono 8-bit digital stream
of raw audio at 8000Hz (64k bps).
Speak Freelys sfmike program compresses theaudio stream by a factor of two (32k bps) using
an audio compression algorithm (codec).
Bookstores:
Sending Audio
NCSU
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The audio is split into packets, which aretransmitted over port 2074 using a User
Datagram Protocol (UDP) stream.
UDP does NOT confirm the reception of packets -it "fires and forgets"
Bookstores:
NCSU
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Speak Freelys sfspeaker receives the packets onport 2075 and rejoins them into an 8-bit ULAW
stream..
Next the ULAW stream is uncompressed back intoan 8-bit raw stream of audio.
.
The raw audio is streamed through the digital toanalog (D/A) converter (the output device of your
sound card)..The IRLP interface card keys the radio when the
audio stream is present (live -- no buffering).
Bookstores:
Receiving Audio
NCSU
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Bookstores:
Jason Woodard, http://www-mobile.ecs.soton.ac.uk/speech_codecs/
GSM
ADPCM
Audio Compression
NCSU
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ADPCM (Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation)
only 32 kb/s - more efficient than the PCMcodec used by WAV, AIFF and CD audio (and
is used on the Sony Mini Disc)
cuts the data rate from 8000 to 4000 bps
superior sound quality vs. GSM
Bookstores:
NCSU
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GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications)
requires only 13 kb/s bandwidth
reduces the data rate from 8000 to1650 bps, which makes a 28.8 Kb
modem usable
serves 71% of the total digital wirelessmarket and provides good quality speech
Bookstores:
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NCSUB k
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GSM uses a Regular Pulse Excited (RPE) codec. Inputis split into 20ms frames, each with 8 short term
predictor coeffiecients. Frames are further split into
four 5ms sub-frames, each with a delay and gain fora long term predictor. After short and long termfiltering, the residual signal for each sub-frame is
decimated into three possible excitation sequences,
each 13 samples long. The sequence with the highestenergy is chosen as the best rep-resentation of theexcitation sequence, and each pulse in the sequence
has its amplitude quantized with three bits.
At the decoder the reconstructed excitation signal isfed through the long term and short term synthesisfilters to reconstruct the speech. A postfilter improves
perceptual quality
Bookstores:
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2074 - 2093 Audio (bi-directional UDP)15425-7 IRLP Control/Update (TCP)
Outbound ports used:80 (http) for updates
873 or 8873 (rsync) for downloading updates10000 (for IP determination)
parallel port set to "standard" or "compatible"mode, not to ECP, EPP or bi-directional
Ports Required
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Some IRLP Details
512-bit bi-directional PGP authenticationensures connections only with other IRLP nodes.
Redundant servers support IRLP-BIND(DHCP isnt a problem) as well as download of
pgp key rings, software updates, and station IDwavfiles.
IRLP accepts commands from keyboard or viaDTMF (dual tone multi frequency, i.e.
Touchtones)
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IRLP Admin
FCC regulations prohibit unlicensed peopleusing amateur frequencies.
IRLP links are accessible only on amateurradio frequencies within range of a node. Nodirect Internet access.
OpenSSH used for remote administration. Linux packages updated automatically
(up2date, autorpm, apt). Cron jobs to automate functions
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IRLP Scripting The IRLP software is composed largely of bash
shell scripts. Flexible: easily customized to suit local needs. Almost anything that can be run from the
console can be controlled via radio. Morse Code ID using MIDI or wav (per FCC legal
requirements) Node status (link off/on and where linked to) Time of day (talking clock)
Weather reports, Amber Alerts Local Announcements Download and play radio news programs from internet Random dialing *69 / Call Waiting
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IRLP Advantages
User Flexibility - Custom Scripts
Accessible only by radio Security Stability of linux OS
Superior audio; COS (not VOX) Cost: linux is free, will run on old PCs
Continues to function if servers fail
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Two ways to make
contacts
Point-to-Point
and
Reflectors(like chat rooms -- multiple nodes connected
together, hearing audio from one node at atime)
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IRLP Reflectors
Enable multiple nodes to link together into anetwork number limited only by bandwidth. Running a reflector requires bandwidth (32
kbps per connected node) to handle themultiple data streams. Most reflectors are
hosted by ISPs (like Inflow) who often donatethe bandwidth.
R l i h R fl
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Established for coordinated response to severe weather events
and for public service
Links NC repeaters beyond the range of conventional RF linkingsystems
During Hurricane Lily, linked stations in Louisiana with theNational Hurricane Center in Florida
Has linked stations from Georgia to Maryland to track severalwinter storms
Simulcast a ham radio contact between the International SpaceStation and Chapel Hill middle school students
Participated in the Boy Scouts JOTA event
Raleigh Reflector
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Impact of Internet Linking
on Amateur Radio Level of amateur activity has increased
dramatically
Amateurs who have been inactive for along time are coming back on the air Amateur Radio is becoming
more appealing to todaysInternet-oriented youth
New opportunities for experi-mentation.
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Listening to IRLP
Live Demonstration Monitoring IRLP Reflector 2 via Live365
streaming audio (linked from
www.irlp.net ) Recorded conversation with
Antarctica, and Recorded school contact with the
International Space Station (linkedfrom www.kd4raa.net )
local frequencies via radio orscanner
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How to Become a Ham
Radio Operator Radio amateurs are licensed by the FCC, after
passing examinations in radio theory,electronics, regulations, and optionally, MorseCode.
Examinations are conducted locally byindividuals or clubs almost every week andcost about $12 (10-year renewals are free)
Many radio clubs run study courses. 1-on-1tutoring, book and online stuyding, andtaking mock online exams are otherstudy options.
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IRLP in Raleigh - www.kd4raa.net IRLP in General
- www.irlp.net What is Amateur Radio?- www.howstuffworks.com/ham-radio.htm
Raleigh Amateur Radio Society- www.rars.org
American Radio Relay League - www.arrl.org
More Info
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