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Social, Economic, and
Meeting People’s Needs Beyond
the 21st Century
Ronald Klinczar, P.E., LEED APPrincipal Project Manager/Senior Associate
Hatch Mott MacDonaldFebruary 22, 2010
Introduction of Presenterntroduction of Presenter
Ronald J. Klinczar, P.E.
Principal ProjectManager/Senior Associate
B.S., Civil Engineering, SUNYBuffalo
Ronald J. Klinczar, P.E.
Principal ProjectManager/Senior Associate
B.S., Civil Engineering, SUNYBuffalo
30 Years Consulting DesignExperience
Preaches balance in design
between infrastructure andenvironment
30 Years Consulting DesignExperience
Preaches balance in design
between infrastructure andenvironment
Presentation Topics - Part A:resentation Topics - Part A:
Our World and the Practice of Engineering
History of the relationship between Societyand its Environment
The Engineer’s Role in Society and in Project
Our World and the Practice of Engineering
History of the relationship between Societyand its Environment
The Engineer’s Role in Society and in Projecteve opmen
Case History 1: Stevens Street Bridge
The Environmental Review Process
Social, Economic, and EnvironmentalConsiderations
eve opmen
Case History 1: Stevens Street Bridge
The Environmental Review Process
Social, Economic, and EnvironmentalConsiderations
Topic 1: History of…opic 1: History of…
…the relationship between Society
and its Environment
…the relationship between Society
and its Environment
A Quick overview ofA Quick overview of
societal thinking,leading to the modernEnvironmental ReviewProcess.
societal thinking,leading to the modernEnvironmental ReviewProcess.
SocratesSocrates
The makeup of man…he makeup of man…
Maslow’s
Hierarchy of
Needs
Maslow’s
Hierarchy of
Needs
Prehistoric Societyrehistoric Society
Basic Survival… Needs of Man met first andforemost by use of earth’s resources
Basic Survival… Needs of Man met first andforemost by use of earth’s resources
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Gehennaehenna
Valley ofHinnom,Reported site
Valley ofHinnom,Reported siteof burning“City GarbageDump”
of burning“City GarbageDump”
Roman Empire: Acqueductsoman Empire: Acqueducts
Pont DuPont Du,
France,built circa19 B.C.
,France,built circa19 B.C.
Roman Sewersoman Sewers
The Romans “recycled”public bath waste waterby using it as part of theflow that flushed under
the latrines.
The Romans “recycled”public bath waste waterby using it as part of theflow that flushed under
the latrines.
The New Dawnhe New Dawn
The Development of America
(1492-1950)
The Development of America
(1492-1950)
The Industrial Revolutionhe Industrial Revolution
The new“factory” wasviewed as agood place
The new“factory” wasviewed as agood place
could be earned,by native bornand immigrantsalike…
could be earned,by native bornand immigrantsalike…
1960’s Environmental Disasters960’s Environmental Disasters
1969 Santa Barbara oil spill -200,000 gallons ofcrude oil from natural gas explosion
1969 Santa Barbara oil spill -200,000 gallons ofcrude oil from natural gas explosion
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1960’s Environmental Challenges960’s Environmental Challenges
1969 Ohio River burning1969 Ohio River burning
1960’s Societal Response960’s Societal Response
1960’s - 1970’s Legislative Response960’s - 1970’s Legislative Response
1965 – Wilderness Act
1967 – Clean Air Act ( set NAAQS)
1968- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
1965 – Wilderness Act
1967 – Clean Air Act ( set NAAQS)
1968- Wild and Scenic Rivers Act
1970 – Nationa EnvironmentaProtection Act
1972 – Clean Water Act (NPDES)
Various State Acts
1970 – Nationa EnvironmentaProtection Act
1972 – Clean Water Act (NPDES)
Various State Acts
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)ational Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
Set the policy for social economic, andenvironmental consideration related toany project, federal, state or local, thatinvolves federal funding or work
Set the policy for social economic, andenvironmental consideration related toany project, federal, state or local, thatinvolves federal funding or work
.
Its purpose is to ensure thatenvironmental factors are weighted fullyin the federal decision making process
.
Its purpose is to ensure thatenvironmental factors are weighted fullyin the federal decision making process
State Environmental Review Actionstate Environmental Review Actions
Similar State Actionsbased on NEPA
Requires a parallel
State environmental
Similar State Actionsbased on NEPA
Requires a parallel
State environmentalreview on all projects
Adds to but does notsupercede NEPA
review on all projects
Adds to but does notsupercede NEPA
The Past Generation…he Past Generation…
1980’s- Industrial Reaction: BusinessCall for Fair Assessment
1990’s- Renewed Environmental Action
2000’s- A Sophisticated Public
1980’s- Industrial Reaction: BusinessCall for Fair Assessment
1990’s- Renewed Environmental Action
2000’s- A Sophisticated Public
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Existing Pony Truss over Erie Barge Canalxisting Pony Truss over Erie Barge Canal
The Pony truss wasdeteriorated beyondrepair.
The Pony truss wasdeteriorated beyondrepair.
closed to traffic inlate 1990’s.
Bridge carried active20” dia. water line
closed to traffic inlate 1990’s.
Bridge carried active20” dia. water line
Community Issuesommunity Issues
Prospect Streetdid not alignwith the City ofLockport grid.
Prospect Streetdid not alignwith the City ofLockport grid.
Severalalignment
alternativeswere studied.
Severalalignment
alternativeswere studied.
Photo 3 Photo 3
Cultural Resourcesultural Resources
The Pony Truss was acontributing elementto the historical ErieBarge Canal. MOAprepared allowed a
The Pony Truss was acontributing elementto the historical ErieBarge Canal. MOAprepared allowed areplacement PrattTruss.
Design agreed to by
State HistoricPreservation Office inNew York.
replacement PrattTruss.
Design agreed to by
State HistoricPreservation Office inNew York.
Stevens Street Truss Layouttevens Street Truss Layout
34 ft. high
267 ft. c/c bearings, 10 panels
34 ft. high
267 ft. c/c bearings, 10 panels
2m elevational difference 2m elevational difference
Truss Membersruss Members
Truss members arefabricated plates
Box section top &
Truss members arefabricated plates
Box section top &
I section verticalsand diagonals
Painted WeatheringSteel
I section verticals
and diagonals
Painted WeatheringSteel
Utilitiestilities
20 inch waterline supportedin floorbeamextensions
20 inch waterline supportedin floorbeamextensions
Gas lines Gas lines
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Decorative Lattice Railingsecorative Lattice Railings
OldOld
NewNew
Further Environmental Issuesurther Environmental Issues
FormerHazardousMaterials site
FormerHazardousMaterials site
Historic StoneArch Canal Wall
Contaminated
Canal Sediments
Historic StoneArch Canal Wall
Contaminated
Canal Sediments
Contractor Erection Techniqueontractor Erection Technique
Erection of the trussbased on the need tonot disturb canalsediments
Erection of the trussbased on the need tonot disturb canalsediments
2005 Video of ErectionProcedure
2005 Video of ErectionProcedure
ABCD WNY 2005 Bridge of the YearBCD WNY 2005 Bridge of the Year
Topic 4: The Environmental Review Processopic 4: The Environmental Review Process
…A brief overview of the NationalEnvironmental Protection Act (NEPA) andits Review Process…
…A brief overview of the NationalEnvironmental Protection Act (NEPA) andits Review Process…
National Environmental Protection Act
(NEPA)
National Environmental Protection Act
(NEPA)
Policy for FederallyFunded Projects.
EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA):
Leads the nation's
Policy for FederallyFunded Projects.
EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA):
Leads the nation's environmental scienceefforts since 1970.
EPA's mission is toprotect human healthand the environment.
environmental scienceefforts since 1970.
EPA's mission is toprotect human healthand the environment.
The Enforcer! The Enforcer!
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Agency and Public Reviewsgency and Public Reviews
Agency Review- Federal, e.g. USACOE
State, e.g.Departments ofEnvironmental
Agency Review- Federal, e.g. USACOE
State, e.g.Departments ofEnvironmentalProtection
Municipalities andLocal Planning
Commissions
Protection
Municipalities andLocal Planning
CommissionsPublic Review-
Various Techniques
Public Review-
Various Techniques
Selecting the “Preferred” Alternativeelecting the “Preferred” Alternative
Document Agency and PublicComments- prepare responses
Address Appropriate Comments andModify Design
Document Agency and PublicComments- prepare responses
Address Appropriate Comments andModify Design
,vote!!
Be prepared for legal challenges
Record of Decision: Publish notice
,vote!!
Be prepared for legal challenges
Record of Decision: Publish notice
Detailed Designetailed Design
”Hard Engineering”
Develop Construction Bid Documents
Incorporate Environmental Restrictions inthe documents
”Hard Engineering”
Develop Construction Bid Documents
Incorporate Environmental Restrictions inthe documents
Finally, Constructioninally, Construction
Your contractor must follow thepermit requirements of the
jurisdictional agencies!
Your contractor must follow thepermit requirements of the
jurisdictional agencies!
In Summaryn Summary
Establish the scope of the project
Allow public comment on Alts to be studied
Study the impacts of each alternative
Allow agency & public comment on Alts
Select an alternative
Design and Build the Project
Establish the scope of the project
Allow public comment on Alts to be studied
Study the impacts of each alternative
Allow agency & public comment on Alts
Select an alternative
Design and Build the Project
Topic 5: Social, Economic, and….opic 5: Social, Economic, and….
…Environmental Considerations…
…In Detail!
…Environmental Considerations…
…In Detail!
These are legislated requirements that allowThese are legislated requirements that allow
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Example: Managing Floodplainsxample: Managing Floodplains
Bridge replacement projects cannotaffect upstream or downstreamflood plain areas
Bridge replacement projects cannotaffect upstream or downstreamflood plain areas
a n a nBridgeWaterwayOpening!!
a n a nBridgeWaterwayOpening!!
Example: Options for Treating Stormwaterxample: Options for Treating Stormwater
Stormwater can be more
toxic than sewage water…
Stormwater can be more
toxic than sewage water…
Suspended Solids
Phosphorus
Nitrates
Suspended Solids
Phosphorus
Nitrates
Stormwater Management: Vortechs Unittormwater Management: Vortechs Unit
Proprietary Product
Utilizes Centrifugal Force to remove TSS
DEC Approved as a Pre-treatment Practice
Does not store water
Proprietary Product
Utilizes Centrifugal Force to remove TSS
DEC Approved as a Pre-treatment Practice
Does not store water
Stormwater Management: Sand Filtertormwater Management: Sand Filter Stormwater Management- Wet or Dry Pondtormwater Management- Wet or Dry Pond
Stormwater Pond – 24 hr settlementStormwater Pond – 24 hr settlement
Example: Landfills to Good Usexample: Landfills to Good Use
Use a clay cap tocontain waste andprevent migrationof groundwater
Use a clay cap tocontain waste andprevent migrationof groundwater
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Presentation Topics – Part B:resentation Topics – Part B:
Sustaining Our World for Our Children and
Beyond
Case History 2: Sacramento Intl. Airport
Paying for Damages
Sustaining Our World for Our Children and
Beyond
Case History 2: Sacramento Intl. Airport
Paying for Damages
Beyond Regulations: The age of VoluntaryCommitment
Sustainability: It’s About Society
Case History 3: Peace Bridge Expansion Project
Beyond Regulations: The age of VoluntaryCommitment
Sustainability: It’s About Society
Case History 3: Peace Bridge Expansion Project
Topic 6: Case History 2opic 6: Case History 2
Sacramento International Airport: NewCentral Terminal BSacramento International Airport: NewCentral Terminal B
Corgan Associates,Lead Architect
Corgan Associates,Lead Architect
Hatch MottMacDonald, CivilSubconsultant
SacramentoCounty, Owner
Hatch MottMacDonald, CivilSubconsultant
SacramentoCounty, Owner
Existing Central Terminal Bxisting Central Terminal B
New Central Terminal Bew Central Terminal B Structural Components of New Terminal Btructural Components of New Terminal B
$75 M APM$75 M APM$75 M APM$75 M APM
Structural Components of New Terminal Btructural Components of New Terminal B
½ Mile Long½ Mile LongUpper LevelUpper LevelViaductViaduct
½ Mile Long½ Mile LongUpper LevelUpper LevelViaductViaduct
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Introduction to LEEDntroduction to LEED
Leadership in Energy and Environmental DesignLeadership in Energy and Environmental Design
Developed by the ArchitectureProfession to AddressEnvironmental Efficiency inBuildings
Developed by the ArchitectureProfession to AddressEnvironmental Efficiency inBuildings
ew onstruct on o ntSystem (69 items in v 2.2) thataffect use of resources
LEED Categories include
Existing Buildings, CommercialInteriors, etc.
ew onstruct on o ntSystem (69 items in v 2.2) thataffect use of resources
LEED Categories include
Existing Buildings, CommercialInteriors, etc.
US GreenBuildingCouncil
US GreenBuildingCouncil
Engineer’s Role in the LEED Processngineer’s Role in the LEED Process
Develop Design to Obtain LEED Points asappropriate
Develop Design to Obtain LEED Points asappropriate
Sustainable Sites (SS)
Water Efficiency (WE)
Sustainable Sites (SS)
Water Efficiency (WE)
Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
Materials and Resources (MR)
Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
Innovation in Design (ID)
Energy and Atmosphere (EA)
Materials and Resources (MR)
Indoor Environmental Quality (EQ)
Innovation in Design (ID)
Site Selectionite Selection
LEED 2.2 SS C1.1 – Avoid Inappropriate SitesLEED 2.2 SS C1.1 – Avoid Inappropriate Sites
Use of Former Parking Lot forNew Construction
Use of Former Parking Lot forNew Construction
Stormwater Designtormwater Design
SS C6.1: Stream Channel Protection andQuantity Control Strategies
SS C6.1: Stream Channel Protection andQuantity Control Strategies
Use of High Albedo Paving Materialsse of High Albedo Paving Materials
LEED 2.2 SS C7.1LEED 2.2 SS C7.1
Use Pavingmaterials, suchas concrete,
Use Pavingmaterials, suchas concrete,
w a so arreflectivityindex (SRI) ofat least 29
w a so arreflectivityindex (SRI) ofat least 29
Establish Contractor Requirementsstablish Contractor Requirements
Construction Waste:LEED MR C2.1requires that 50%of construction
Construction Waste:LEED MR C2.1requires that 50%of construction
from disposal
LEED MR C2.2 75%of constructionwaste diverted
from disposal
LEED MR C2.2 75%of constructionwaste diverted
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Specify Use of Regional Materialspecify Use of Regional Materials
LEED MR C5.1requires that 10%of materials beobtained within
LEED MR C5.1requires that 10%of materials beobtained within
project site
MR C5.2-20% ofmaterials obtained
regionally
project site
MR C5.2-20% ofmaterials obtained
regionally
LEED RatingsEED Ratings
New Central Terminal B: LEED SilverNew Central Terminal B: LEED Silver
Topic 7: Paying for Damagesopic 7: Paying for Damages
Limit State PerspectivesLimit State Perspectives
The “Pollute for free” perspective
“ I can pollute all I want, and as long as itdoes not affect my bottom line, then ok”
The “Pollute for free” perspective
“ I can pollute all I want, and as long as itdoes not affect my bottom line, then ok”
An alternative limit state perspective…n alternative limit state perspective…
The “Do not Pollute” perspectiveThe “Do not Pollute” perspective
“ No one should be allowed to pollute atall. I want my air perfectly clean and mydrinking water pure”
“ No one should be allowed to pollute atall. I want my air perfectly clean and mydrinking water pure”
Example: The cost of clean waterxample: The cost of clean water
CostCost
$$$$The cost to have perfectly pure
drinking water approaches infinityThe cost to have perfectly pure
drinking water approaches infinity
Pollutants (ppm)Pollutants (ppm)
The role of Governmenthe role of Government
CostCost
$$$$
Establish the appropriatelevel of pollutants allowedthat is both safe forsociety and economical
Establish the appropriatelevel of pollutants allowedthat is both safe forsociety and economical
Pollutants (ppm)Pollutants (ppm)
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How does the Govt. manage pollution?ow does the Govt. manage pollution?
Enforcement of Legislation
“Permitting” of new actions
Fines that exceed cost to pollute!!
Enforcement of Legislation
“Permitting” of new actions
Fines that exceed cost to pollute!!
Example: Bridge twinning over streamxample: Bridge twinning over stream
Bridge will unavoidably impact 0.6 acres ofwetland
Bridge will unavoidably impact 0.6 acres ofwetland
Government agency optionsovernment agency options
No regulation: Allow construction to occur withunavoidable wetland impacts>>>unacceptable to society
Block project: No permit to construct, since
No regulation: Allow construction to occur withunavoidable wetland impacts>>>unacceptable to society
Block project: No permit to construct, since
>>>unacceptable to society
What is acceptable?
>>>unacceptable to society
What is acceptable?
Paying for Damages (Allowing Pollution)aying for Damages (Allowing Pollution)
Mitigation
Agency has the option of allowing theproject to occur but stipulating payingfor damages through mitigation.
Mitigation
Agency has the option of allowing theproject to occur but stipulating payingfor damages through mitigation.
et an mpacts can e m t gatethrough a 3:1 or 4:1 replacement ratio
et an mpacts can e m t gatethrough a 3:1 or 4:1 replacement ratio
Other forms of mitigation:ther forms of mitigation:
Correcting for negative factors
Compensating owners for property value loss
Erecting noise barriers
Correcting for negative factors
Compensating owners for property value loss
Erecting noise barriers
Building new parks for torn neighborhoods
Relocating affected businesses to new areas
It’s all part of the Environmental Law!!
Building new parks for torn neighborhoods
Relocating affected businesses to new areas
It’s all part of the Environmental Law!!
Example: Mitigating Visual Impactsxample: Mitigating Visual Impacts
“Screenings”: Elements such as plantings to shieldunwanted views
“Screenings”: Elements such as plantings to shieldunwanted views
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Non-Replacement Techniqueson-Replacement Techniques
Constructing a Fishing Access SiteConstructing a Fishing Access Site
Purchase of Polluting Rightsurchase of Polluting Rights
Environmental protection or tax?Environmental protection or tax?
Non-Mitigatable Impactson-Mitigatable Impacts
Many proposals are not accepted byreviewing agencies
These include actions that would createirreversible damage to the environment
Many proposals are not accepted byreviewing agencies
These include actions that would createirreversible damage to the environment
Historic BuildingsHistoric Buildings
Parkland
removal
Parkland
removal
Topic 8: Beyond Regulation:opic 8: Beyond Regulation:
There is a continuous evolution of the balancehumans maintain with their environment.
There is a continuous evolution of the balancehumans maintain with their environment.
…The age of voluntary commitment…The age of voluntary commitment
More voluntary activities are happening.
It is politically correct to be green.
More voluntary activities are happening.
It is politically correct to be green.
Neighborhood Clean-upseighborhood Clean-ups Recycling Movementecycling Movement
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Is that what our society wants?s that what our society wants?
Extreme Measures…xtreme Measures…
Topic 9: Sustainability: Its About Societyopic 9: Sustainability: Its About Society
Society must make a living. That creates ademand.
The earth supplies what society needs. Itrepresents the supply.
Society must make a living. That creates ademand.
The earth supplies what society needs. Itrepresents the supply.
Sustainability is about ensuring that thesupply of the earth’s resources can meetsocietal demand, continuously…
across time. Across geographic and economic boundaries
Sustainability is about ensuring that thesupply of the earth’s resources can meetsocietal demand, continuously…
across time. Across geographic and economic boundaries
Space Explorationpace Exploration
Has to date confirmed that the supply ofresources available to man is finite.
Has to date confirmed that the supply ofresources available to man is finite.
Photos courtesy NASAPhotos courtesy NASA
Earth’s Populationarth’s Population
u l a t i o n
u l a t i o n
6 Bil6 Bil
3 Bil3 Bil
P o p
P o p
1900 1950 20001900 1950 2000
1 Bil1 Bil
Sustainable Practicesustainable Practices
Practices that lend themselves towardeither increasing the supply ofresources or reducing the demand ofresources, while meeting societies
Practices that lend themselves towardeither increasing the supply ofresources or reducing the demand ofresources, while meeting societies
nee s Personal: turn off faucets
Workplace: automated light switches
Professional
nee s Personal: turn off faucets
Workplace: automated light switches
Professional
Sustainable Practicesustainable Practices
Reforestation: Trees are known as a“renewable resource” ( Supply)
Reforestation: Trees are known as a“renewable resource” ( Supply)
Public transportation: reduce overallfuel consumption ( Demand)
Public transportation: reduce overallfuel consumption ( Demand)
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An unsustainable societyn unsustainable society
Resources do not meetdemand
Resources do not meetdemand
HaitiHaiti
Available resources cannot be adequatelydistributed
Black markets spring up
Available resources cannot be adequatelydistributed
Black markets spring up
Beyond Sustainabilityeyond Sustainability
A philosophical and economic look atreaching an equilibrium state in theuse of our planet
Let X = demand for resources per person
A philosophical and economic look atreaching an equilibrium state in theuse of our planet
Let X = demand for resources per person
Pt = today’s population
Pf = future population
Pt (Xt) = total resource demand rate today
Pf (Xf) = total resource demand rate future
Pt = today’s population
Pf = future population
Pt (Xt) = total resource demand rate today
Pf (Xf) = total resource demand rate future
Beyond Sustainabilityeyond Sustainability
Similarly, Supply ofResources
r = resource renewal rate
Similarly, Supply ofResources
r = resource renewal rate
T =technology rate ( as an increasein resource supply)
S = So + r + t – Pt (X) = change in
resource supply
T =technology rate ( as an increasein resource supply)
S = So + r + t – Pt (X) = change in
resource supply
Will we reach a point where demand
exceeds resource supply?
Will we reach a point where demand
exceeds resource supply?
Year ???Year ???
Topic 10: Case History 3opic 10: Case History 3
US/Canada Peace Bridge CapacityExpansion
Original Peace Bridge Constructed 1927
US/Canada Peace Bridge CapacityExpansion
Original Peace Bridge Constructed 1927
Capacity Issues led to consideration of newbridge in 1990’s
Goal: Open 2nd bridge on 75th Anniversaryin 2002
Capacity Issues led to consideration of newbridge in 1990’s
Goal: Open 2nd bridge on 75th Anniversaryin 2002
Peace Bridge Crossing of Niagara Rivereace Bridge Crossing of Niagara River
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It’s 2010, and there is no new bridge…t’s 2010, and there is no new bridge…
What has happened?What has happened?
USACOE Concerns
Organized Response
USACOE Concerns
Organized Response
Community Concerns
Due Process
Further Environmental
Concerns
Community Concerns
Due Process
Further Environmental
Concerns
USACOE Concerns – mid 1990’sSACOE Concerns – mid 1990’s
River LevelsRiver Levels
Niagara River is ahighly regulatedwaterway
Niagara River is ahighly regulatedwaterway
New piers for twinbridge could notresult in rise inwater level relatedto head loss
New piers for twinbridge could notresult in rise inwater level relatedto head loss
Organized Response-1999rganized Response-1999
New Millennium GroupNew Millennium Group
Creative advocate for anew, signature PeaceBridge, an InternationalGatewa and full
Creative advocate for anew, signature PeaceBridge, an InternationalGatewa and full,restoration of Front Park.
Effectively stoppedtwinning of existing bridge
through public campaign
,restoration of Front Park.
Effectively stoppedtwinning of existing bridge
through public campaign
Due Process -2001ue Process -2001
Challenge raised on EIS Process Used
Legal challenges
Resulted in need to re-start environmentalprocess and fully consider range of
Challenge raised on EIS Process Used
Legal challenges
Resulted in need to re-start environmentalprocess and fully consider range of
alternativesalternatives
Further Environmental Concerns
-2009
urther Environmental Concerns
-2009
Bird Flight PatternsBird Flight Patterns
NYSDEC and USFWSconcern for migratingbirds, the common
NYSDEC and USFWSconcern for migratingbirds, the common
,gulls
A reduced bridgeprofile reported toresult in less birdsstriking the bridge
,gulls
A reduced bridgeprofile reported toresult in less birdsstriking the bridge
Christian Menn’s Two-pier cable Stay bridge
Christian Menn’s Two-pier cable Stay bridge
What the Future Holds…hat the Future Holds…
5 Designs have been accepted asEnvironmentally acceptable
5 Designs have been accepted asEnvironmentally acceptable
Forthcoming ROD
Selection of a referred
Forthcoming ROD
Selection of a referred
bridge type
Design
Construction by 2015?
bridge type
Design
Construction by 2015?
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Thank You for Your Attentionhank You for Your Attention
Please live, work, and practice sustainably!Please live, work, and practice sustainably!