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1
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()
hnz :
:
shngm
23 8 1. b p m 2. f 3. d t n l 4. g k h 5. j q x 6. zh ch sh r 7. z c s 8. y w
1. zh , ch , sh , r 2. j , q , x i 10 i ia ie iao iu in ian iang ing iong
4 e n an
y y y + i = yi () y y + i y+a = ya () / y+ ao = yao ()
w w w + u = wu () w w + u
w + a= wa () / w + o = wo ()
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2
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ynm
38 5 1. a o e i u 2. ai ei ao ou ia ie iao iu ua uo uai ui e 3.() an en in ian un uan n an 4.() ang eng iang ing uang ong iong weng 5. -i er
1. e n an j q x y n l
n l n l j q x y ju que xun yuan
e n an
u e un uan
= ju qu xu n = jun qun xun an = juan quan xuan
u = zu cu su un = zun cun sun uan = zuan cuan suan
2. y y = ye =
y ye = e
y me = de = te =
3. -i z c s zh ch sh r zh ch sh r z c s zhi = zi = i
zh ch sh r z c s bi = mi = ji =
4. er r r r r 4
r zh
r
zhr , n
r
mr
-
3
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o uo ua ai ia
ia ie ei ie
an ang uo ou
en eng ui iu
ian iang
in ing
uan uang
-
4
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b p m f d t n l g k h z c s zh ch sh r j q x
-i zi ci si zhi chi shi ri
a
a a
ba pa ma fa da ta na la ga ka ha za ca sa zha cha sha
ai ai bai pai mai dai tai nai lai gai kai hai zai cai sai zhai chai shai
an an ban pan man fan dan tan nan lan gan kan han zan can san zhan chan shan ran
ang ang bang pang mang fang dang tang nang lang gang kang hang zang cang sang zhang chang shang rang
ao ao bao pao mao dao tao nao lao gao kao hao zao cao sao zhao chao shao rao
o
o o
bo po mo fo
ou ou pou mou fou dou tou nou lou gou kou hou zou cou sou zhou chou shou rou
ong ong dong tong nong long gong kong hong zong cong song zhong chong shong rong
e
e e
me de te ne le ge ke he ze ce se zhe che she re
ei ei bei pei mei fei dei tei nei lei gei kei hei zei zhei shei
en en ben pen men fen den nen gen ken hen zen cen sen zhen chen shen ren
eng eng beng peng meng feng deng teng neng leng geng keng heng zeng ceng seng zheng cheng sheng
er er
i
i yi
bi pi mi
di ti ni li
ji qi xi
ia ya dia lia jia qia xia
iao yao biao piao miao diao tiao niao liao jiao qiao xiao
ian yan bian pian mian dian tian nian lian jian qian xian
iang yang niang liang jiang qiang xiang
ie ye bie pie mie die tie nie lie jie qie xie
in yin bin pin min nin lin jin qin xin
ing ying bing ping ming ding ting ning ling jing qing xing
iong yong jiong qiong xiong
iu(iou) you miu diu niu liu jiu qiu xiu
u
u wu
bu pu mu fu du tu nu lu gu ku hu zu cu su zhu chu shu ru
ua wa
gua kua hua
zhua chua shua rua
uai wai guai kuai huai zhuai chuai shuai
uan wan duan tuan nuan luan guan kuan huan zuan cuan suan zhuan chuan shuan ruan
uang wang guang kuang huang zhuang chuang shuang
ui(uei) wei dui tui gui kui hui zui cui sui zhui chui shui rui
un(uen) wen dun tun nun lun gun kun hun zun cun sun zhun chun shun run
uo wo duo tuo nuo luo guo kuo huo zuo cuo suo zhuo chuo shuo ruo
ueng weng
yu
n l
ju qu xu
an yuan juan quan xuan
e yue ne le jue que xue
n yun jun qun xun
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5
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shngdio
: ( ) ( ) () ( )
( ) 55 b p g k
b p m f
n l d t
m n j q
z c b p
n l y q
( ) 35 z c zh ch
b p m f
g z s r
n l j q
zh ch sh r
n l y x
() 214 h f n l
b p m f
m d t n
b p d t
d t n l
j q n l
( ) 51 d t m p
b p m f
g k h r
j q x y
g k h f
j q x y
1. b b b b b
2. m m m m m
3. p p p p p
4. w w w w w
5. d d d d de
6. g g g g g
7. h h h h h
8. n n n n n
5
4
3
2
1
-
6
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9.0 d d d d d
10. sh sh sh sh sh
11. g g g g g
12. q q q q q
b p d t h f g k b p d t
k b p d t d t h f h f j
y l r l q b zh z y l j q
2 1 3 1 b - b p - p m - m m - m - m t - t - t f - f d - d t - t n - n - n l - l - l n - n l - l k - k j - j - j q - q - q g - g h - h h - h x - x - x z - z - z
4 1
y - y - y - y w - w - w - w y - y - y - y - - - b - b - b - b b - b - b - b
b - b - b - b p - p - p - p x - x - x - x
x - x - x - x zh - zh - zh - zh sh - sh - sh - sh
1. a o e i u yo () zu () ji ()
# i i y () xn () gu ()
# zhuzi () wnshang () lubo ()
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2. i i i y ia ya ie ye iao yao iou you
ian yan iang yang
# i y i i yi in yin ing ying
# y
yu e yue an yuan n yun
# u u u w ua wa uo wo uai wai uan wan uen wen uang wang
uei wei ueng weng
# u w u u wu
# a o e ( )( = gynfho) ki () kui () xn () xin ()
shng () shng () dngn () dngn ()
5. iou,uei,uen iu, ui, un d + iou diu x + iou xiu
zh + uei zhui g + uei gui
c + uen cun t + uen tun
iu, ui ji di zu hu
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8
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6. n l n () n () l () l ()
# j q x j + j () x + x ()
q + e qu () j + e ju ()
7. W sh loshi. W sh xusheng.
8. L Bi () Bijng () Zhnggu ()
9. JIEFANG SIXIANG JIANSHE ZHONGHUA
Jiefang Sixiang Jianshe Zhonghua
1. 6.
2. 7.
3. 8.
4. 9.
5. 10.
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9
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D
y
k
W
de
ji
1
wigng
wip
yye
ni
nai
m
ma
bba
gge
ddi
mimei
jijie
w
-
10
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-
11
1500128
-
12
1500128
-
13
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bba de mma ninai
( dngy) n de b w de ji
de de
de
-
14
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Bba de ch
ch
b
sh
y
fu
-
15
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T sh w de bba.
sh //
t ()
t ()
-
16
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T sh n de bba ma ? ?
T b sh w de bba.
T sh w de gge.
: 2
1. b 1,2 3 b
ch
b
li
b ho
2. b 4 b
sh
b
q
b
zi
b
ma
n
-
17
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15
-
18
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T sh she
?
T sh w de yye.
she
-
19
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Tmen sh she
?
Tmen sh w de bba h mma.
h /
men (tmen
,nmen
,wmen
)
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20
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w
w h bba
1.
jijie h wigng
2.
mma h ninai
3.
wip h mimei
4.
yye h ddi
5.
t mma sh de w 1.
t sh b w gge de 2.
de sh mma bba ninai 3.
mma wip de mma sh 4.
mma ma mma sh de ninai 5.
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21
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Qngqng
jisho
zj
de
ji
rn
N
ho
W
jio
Qngqng
W
ji
yu
4s
g
rn
yu
bba
mma
gge
h
w
W
de
bba
h
gge
sh
yshng
W
de
mma
sh
losh
W
sh
dxushng
N
ho
W
jio