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,
\·
impression
of
those
people. We would be better
off
if we
just did
not
learn
about those events
at
all.
Finally
it
is
not important to
learn
about
events
in
other
countries
· because they often will not
teach
you anything about
your
own situation.
Many
worldly
events are so different from the events you may experience
in your
day-to-day life that learning
about them
will
not
show
you how
to live your
life
better.
It
is therefore more important to spend your time
and energy learning about the
lives
of people like you.
Therefore I do not
agree
that
learning
about events in
other
countries
is important
especially if they do not
directly affect your
own life.
associate
10 connect two things or
ideas
together
·
After studying the two sample
responses
give your own opinion on the prompt.
Brainstorm
your ideas
below.
Then writ
or
type
your essay.
·
~
.... ._. ...
__
_.. ...
___________________________________________________________________ _
·
~
[
.
z
-
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ecessary Skills
l J ' i l M H < m ~ ~ I B U < Z < f i l i ' , 1 1 , _ > : ' : : . < V , ; , ; > ; ; ~ ; - i , , - , - ' ~ - ' f , l • _ . \ ~ · ; ; 1 . • . ; , \ ; ; ; ; · \ ~ - . - , , · , . •
••
•
Stating your opinion or thesis clearly
•
Stating clear and strong
topic
sentences that support the thesis
Strategies
•
Make your thesis
statement
clear and
concise.
•
For
your
thesis,
do not write,
I agree with this
opinion. Restate the
question
when
giving
your
opinion, such as I
agree
that when people reach
a
certain age, they
should no longer
be
able
to
drive.
•
Make your topic sentence
a
summary of
all the points you will cover in the paragraph.
•
Write
clear
topic
sentences that will naturally lead into the rest of the information
in
the paragraph.
Example
Weak
topic
sentence
- I
think cows
are
more
useful
than horses.
Strong topic sentence
-
Cows are more useful than horses for two main
reasons.
nting Thesis
Statements
ilnd Topic Sentences 52
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Thesis
Statements
~ t e p 1
Read the following prompts and sample thesis statements. Underline the words in the thesis
statements that are also used in the prompts.
Prompt 1:
r
.
,,.,,,,.,,
........
,,,,
.
,., ............. -------·-..
-- ·-·--·-------- --------------·-------
..- - - - - ...,..... ,
..... ]
i
Describe a time that you were encouraged to
try
something new. Explain why you decided
: to try or not
to try
it. Give specif ic reasons and examples
to
support your answer.
; ~ • u • • • • - · - · ~
- · ~ -
· · • • • • • • • • · • • •
· ~ - - - - •
• • • • ~ ~ - · - · - · - · - · - - - · - - - - - · - · · - • • ~ • · - - · - - - - - - -
• • • • • · - • • · · ~ - ~ - ~ - • • • • - - - - . · ~ - - - · · - ~ · •
' '
Thesis Statement 1:
When I was twelve, my brother encouraged me
to
try out for a football
team,
but I
decided not
to try
out for two reasons.
·
Prompt2:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be taught to
use computers
at
a very early age. Give specific' reasons and examples
to
support your
answer.
Thesis Statement
2:
There are three main reasons why I
believe
that young children must
be
taught
to use computers.
Prompt3:
'
· 1
Describe a place
that
you have traveled and state whether it changed your opinion of I
, I
the place that you live. Give specific reasons and examples
to
support your answer.
.J
Thesis Statement
3:
When I traveled
to
a larger city in my country, it made me realize how
much
I
love
my own town,
and
there are three
reasons
why
I
feel this way.
5 Chapter 5
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Some people like movies that are fast-paced and entertaining. Others like movies that
have deep meaning and make them think. Which type of movie do you prefer? Give
specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
.
Thesis Statement
4:
n my opinion
the
most
enjoyable movies to watch
are
ones
that make you think and I believe
this
for
two reasons.
Read the following prompts. Decide
if
each prompt
asks
you for your experience or your opinion.
Then write a thesis statement in
response
to each prompt.
Prompt :
l ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ · t ~ e ~ t i m · p ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ e r : ~ ~ · ; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; e · : ~ ~
: ~ ~ ; ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ r : ~ ~ i : i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 1
L ~ i . e specific ~ e a s ~ _ n s and examples to support your answer. j
Does
this question
ask you
to
explain
your
opinion
or your
experience? Select
one.
opinion experience
Prompt
2:
Do
you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should never do things
that harm the environment even i they are beneficial in other ways. Give specific reasons
and
examples
to
support your answer.
Writing Thesis Statements
and Topic Sentences
5 3 - - . .
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·
.
Does
this
question
ask you to
explain
your opinion
or your
experience? Select
one
opinion D experience D
Thesis
s t a t e m e n t : ~
Prompt3:
r··---------·-··------------···---·-·-----------·---·--···-··--···--···-·--···----·--·-··-------·--·-----·-·--·-----------------·--· ··
t
Some people
prefer
to spend
all
of
their
money
after
they
earn
it
Others would
rather
save
most of their money to use
later
Which
do you think is
better? Give
specific reasons and
.1·
examples to
support
your answer
Does this question ask you to explain your opinion or your experience?
Select
one
opinionD
experience D
Thesis statement:
Prompt 4:
Describe
one of your skills that you believe
has
helped
you
to
be
successful
Give
specific reasons
and
examples to support your answer
Does
this question ask you to explain your opinion or your experience? Select one
opinionD
experience D
Thesis statement:
~
5 4 Chapter
.
t:
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Topic Sentences
~ M ~ = . ' . l l * = - { i ' l , . v ~ < : . X < ' . > i > O F ; ; , ' t ~ < < · J ; ; . . ' i , i O . < ' M . > t - < : ' i ' - < ' ~ ' : > : ~ ; > , t c ~ . , F . · : . : " " ; ; - . ' ' " ' > : ~ · , _ - · ,
)Read
the prompts and three sentences
that
could
be used
in a response
to each
prompt.
One
entence
is
a thesis statement. Another sentence
is
the topic sentence
of
the body paragraph.
irhe last sentence
is
a reason, example,
or
detail
used
in a body paragraph. Number the
sentences as follows:
•
Thesis statement 1 )
Topic
sentence
2 )
Reason, example, or
detail
3 )
you agree
or
disagree with the following statement? Having fun is just as important for
·1
ad1Jlts as it is
for
children. Give specific reasons and examples
to
support your answer.
There are three reasons why
I
feel that
having
fun
is just
as important for
adults
as it
is
for children.
For example, my dad likes to
play
baseball with me on weekends.
For
one,
I think that adults need
to
be able
to
relax and
have fun
because they work
all
the time.
~ : : ~ r ; ~ : · ·
~ t i ~ ~
~ ~ : ; ~ o ~
~ ~ r e
~ ; ; ~ ~ t ~ ~ : ~
-
· : ~ ~ : t ~ i ~ g . ~ ~ ~ .
~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ : r ~ ~ ~ : ·
Y ~ ~ ~
\
fear? Give specific reasons and examples
to
support your answer.
· --
·
-
. · · ~
-· . -
------ -
.
· · · . . -
I asked for help from a really
nice woman that
I met,
and
she
helped
me
figure out
where I
was going.
Another
way
that
I overcame my fear
was by
telling myself
that
I could do anything
that
I
wanted to.
I once had
an
experience where I
was
scared
because
I went
to
a
new place
alone,
but
I
overcame my fear
in two important
ways.
Prompt 3:
Some people like to try new things as much as they can. Others prefer to
do
things that
they know very well. Which do you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.
I like to try new things because I
get
bored if I do the same thing all the time.
I definitely like to try new
things
as much
as
I can.
When I
tried
joining
my school s
diving
team,
I
found that
I
really enjoyed it.
[
.
·
.
.
l
Nriting
Thesis
S t a t ~ m e n t s and Topic Senten(es 5 5
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Prompt4:
~ : ~ : : agree or d i s : ~ ; : : ~ i t ~
~ ~ :
~ : 1 1 : ~ i ; g · : ~ : t : ~ : n · t ; ~ ~ i : : : : ~ i · : : : ~ : : 1 ~ · : : ~ : i ~ : J
I
students to live on campus during their first year
of
university. Give specific reasons
and
·
L . ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ s
t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ ° ~ ~
~ : e ~ . .
····· ·········
.. .
.. ···············
··· ····· ··· ···· · ·
· · ····
J
( .
(
In my
opinion
universities should
not
require
students
to live
in
the
dormitories for their
freshman year.
Living in
an apartment
is more enjoyable than living in
the
dorms.
My friend got
stuck
with
a
really annoying
roommate in
the dorms.
~ t e p
2
Read the following prompts. Complete the thesis statements.
Then
provide three
reasons or
examples
th t
you would
use
to support
each
thesis in a
response.
Prompt
1:
Some people do not like buying products made by machines because they might be of
lower quality.
Do
you think products made by hand are better than products made
by
machines? Use specific details and examples to support your answer.
Thesis statement: In my opinion products made by hand
products made by machines.
Reason/Example 1:
Reason/Example
2:
Reason/Example3:
Choose one of the ideas you listed above. Rewrite the idea as a full sentence that could
be
used as the topic sentence of a body paragraph.
Topic sentence:
·--
_
________
__ , . ___ __
- ' ' - ; -- ' ' -
_:
__ . :
.
'
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Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
You
can tell a lot about a person
by the clothing
that
he
or
she wears. Give specific reasons and examples
to
support
your answer.
.
~ · · - - - · - · - - - - - - · · - · - - · - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - · - - - - - - · ~ - ~ - ~ - - - ~ · - · - - ~ · - - · - - · - - ~ - - , - - - , ~ - - ~ · - - - · · - - - · - · · - - ·
Thesis
statement: I
believe that
y o u -
by the clothing
he
or
she wears.
.Reason/Example 1:
Reason/Example 2:
Reason/Example3:
· Choose one of the ideas you listed above. Rewrite the idea as a full sentence that could
be
used as the topic sentence of a body paragraph.
Topic sentence:
: :
Prompt
3:
··
.•.
···-· ..............
· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
........................
·· ··
..........................
1
~ a n y
schools take field trips in which they take students out
of
school for a day to visit a
I
place like a zoo. Describe a trip that you think would teach students something valuable.
I
~ - i - ~ ~ - ~ p - e ~ i f i ° r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ ........ .
....
·· .......... __J
Thesis statement: I think
that
a trip to
would
be a valuable
learning experience.
Reason/Example
1:
Reason/Example 2:
Reason/Example3:
Choose one of the ideas you listed above. Rewrite the idea as a full sentence that could
be
used as the topic sentence of a body paragraph.
Topic sentence:
a
· ~
g
I \
m
.
I
;
I
'
~ r i t i n g Thesis Statements and Tdpic Sentences 5 7 :
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Prompt4:
• • ~ - - • - • •
• • • ~ - - • • O
' '
•••-• ~ • • • . • · • · ~ · · · • • • - , • • - · - - - • • • • - ' > ~ < » - - • - - · - ~ - • · • - · - o ; • • · - - · - • ~ • · - • • - • • ' ' · ' ' ~ ' '
Most people listen
to
music every
day
and many people l e r ~ to play
an
instrument
when they are young Why do you think music is important to people? Give specific
reasons and examples
to
support your answer
Thesis
statement:
I
think that
music is important to people
mainly
because
_______
Reason/Example 1:
Reason/Example2: _________________________
Reason/Example3: _________________________
Choose one o the ideas you listed above Rewrite the idea
as
a full sentence that could be
used as the topic sentence o a body paragraph
Topic
sentence:
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trategies
< ; J . 1 > J 1 ' J \ ' i ' . n V . l t ~ U - ' O < W J ; F . Z l f d C i ' . ' R i ' . : < N : ' f f , . < / : : ; . . , - _ f ; • , · l 1 : ~ . ; ; ~ - f c · H . ' ~ M C . l . l ' 1 • U . ' . l : ; . ' <
' ' ' ' '
,
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Opinion
~ - i . . - ' i ' Z \ ) : : W . - , ; . z - l ; ~ ; ( t l ' , r o , . > ; •,,i•i •
. . . •
. , . , , , _ . , , _ , , , , . , , ~ ; 0 , \ • . ' ' ' - - ' ' ' ' ~ ' · :
. 0 , - . , , , , . , - 1 , , ~ - , -.:_- _-
~ S t e p 1
Read
the prompt and think of ideas
to
list in the blanks.
Sorne people watch the news in order to get their information. Others like to look for information
themselves in newspapers
or
on the Internet. Which do you think is better and why? Give
specific reasons and examples
to
support your answer.
Watching
the
news: Newspapers and the Internet:
easier than
looking for
news
let you search for the news
you
want
lets
you
see and
hear do not have to
wait for
a story
gives just the
information you need
more
depth
to the stories
~ t e p 2
Read the sample response. Think about the role
of
the sentences in
each
part
of
the essay.
Look
for
any transitions
that link the
ideas and underline them. Then
put
the sentences in the
right order.
Introduction:
A) Even though
other
people might
like
to watch
the
news
on
1V
to
get information
about
the world, I prefer to use
newspapers
and
the
Internet
to
get
news.
B)
I feel this
way because
newspapers
and the Internet are
more
accessible,
informative, and easier
to share
with others
than 1V.
Body paragraph 1:
A)
With 1V, I have to wait through other
news
stories
and
commercials before the weather comes on.
B) First
of
all, newspapers and the
Internet are
more accessible
because
I
can find
exactly
what
I
want when
I
want
it.
C)
If
I
want
to know the
weather,
I
can
get
that
information
in
a
few
seconds
from a newspaper or the Internet.
53
Chapter 6
- : < : ~
accessible:
easy
to
use and understand
informative
giving
a
lot
of information
clearly
specialized:
focusing on one particular
thing or
set
of things
tend:
to usually do something
in depth:
in
a ot
of detail
sensational
m a ~ n g something seem
more exciting than it is
devote
to give
time or
effort
to
something
celebrity: .
a
famous person
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Body
paragraph
2:
A)
They
tend
to
feature
stories
that
discuss
issues
in
depth.
B)
1V
news
on the other hand tends
to be
sensational devoting a
lot
of time to celebrities and crime stories.
C) Second
newspapers
and the Internet are
more
informative.
D) They also
make it
easier to learn
about
international
events and
specialized issues like the
environment which
might get
only
minor
coverage on
1V.
Body paragraph 3:
A) You cannot send a story like that with 1V news.
B) If
am reading an article on the Internet
that
think my friend might
like can
simply
send it to
her by
email.
C)
Finally
prefer
newspaper and
the
Internet for
my
news because
they make it
easier
for
me
to share the information that find.
Conclusion:
A) That may not be for everyone but think these sources are better
than
1V
news
because
can access
them
when want
can
stay
informed and can pass on what learn to
others.
·
B)
In conclusion prefer to get my
news
from newspapers
and the
Internet.
[
r
· ·· ·
[
tv1,>king
ldras
How 53
·-----.: ··
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~ S t e p 3
Look back
at
the ideas you wrote in the blanks
for Step
1 Write your own response to the
prompt using one of your own ideas or another idea from Step 1
53 Chapter 6
_
: : : ~ . --,- -,----;-
-- - - - - - - - - - - : - - . - - - - - - - - : - - - - ; - -_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -_- - - - - . - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
.-'
. [.:
if.
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Opinion
~ ' W U i i l l > : l ; ' - ' l I ' : ' ; i ' i i i l l l X ' . - V . ' \ f • \ l l J \ - > ' & J ' . l , > l l ' . > ~ ~ - O ' a " > • - ' 0 - ~ ; < ~ H , o ' . ' _ / ' , " ' ' · " · · < • : - ~ · - , · ~
,-,,._,_,_-
-,· ·
~ ~ ~
~ ' R e a d the prompt and
think
of ideas to list in the blanks.
;i< :
· Do you agree
or
disagree with the following statement? All university students should be
'
required to take literature classes. Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Pros of literature classes: Cons of literature classes:
- teach you important life lessons - cannot apply to many
careers
- teach
you how to
read better -
can be
boring
- gives just the information you need - make you
do
a lot of
writing
S t e p 2
Read
the sample response. Think about the role of the sentences in each
p rt
of
the
essay.
Look .for any transitions th t link
the
ideas and underline them. Then put
the
sentences in
the
right
order.
Introduction:
A) All
university
students should
be required to
take
literature classes.
(B) This is because literature
is
valuable
for
what
it
can teach students
and how it can change
them.
Body paragraph
1:
A) It is
important
to
learn
about these things because
we
live in such
a diverse world.
(B) Literature
is one thing that
can
bring
us
together
and bridge
these
differences.
C)
First
of all, literature is valuable because it
can
help students to
learn
about other
people and cultures.
D)
It
can also
help us
understand people
that are
different from
us.
E)
This means
that
people
are
more
connected with
each
other
than
ever before, including people
from
very different cultures and
backgrounds.
bridge:
to
overcome;
to bypass
connected:
able to
communicate
successfully
conflict:
a
disagreement between
people or
ideas
wise
smart
in
terms
of
making
good decisions
dilemma:
a problem that requires
you
to make a difficult decision
attitude:
a set of opinions or beliefs
about something
passion
a very strong interest
[[
i
l vlak1ng Ideas Flow 533
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Body
paragraph :
A)
These
are
often
problems
that
all
people
face,
such
as love,
conflict,
anger, loss, and sadness.
B)
Second, literature can
help students become
wiser and more
mature.
C)
Also, when you read literature, you learn about different individuals
experiences
with
these issues.
(0) These experiences can
help
you when you go through similar
experiences.
E)
When you
read and study literature, you learn about
many dilemmas
in life.
Body paragraph 3:
Finally, all
students
should take literature classes because
they
will
help
them
develop
a
love of reading.
This is unfortunate
because
they are
missing a
great pleasure in
life.
Today, fewer young people read than
before.
For example,
Iwas
very lucky that my parents encouraged me to
read when
Iwas young.
That is not the
case
for many of my
peers.
I think
that they would find enjoyment in reading.
If they had been required to take
a
literature course,
I think they
would change their attitudes.
Conclusion:
A) In
conclusion, university students would
benefit by
being required
to
take literature courses.
B) This would
help
students
learn
about other cultures, become more
mature, and develop
a
passion
for
reading.
534 Chapter 6
-
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~ t e p
Look back at the ideas
you
wrote
in
the
blanks for
Step
1 Write
your own response to the
prompt using one of your
own
ideas or another idea from
Step
1
~ .
~
~
.
.
l
Making ideas low 5 5
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Opinion
" - l ' X m ~ < R i : < • < I W ? l i V > ~ ~ i . ~ F . V R - ' n m w . : ~ & < : £ ~ . ' i " ~ « - o : i : ~ ' - • ' - ' - ' ' ' " ' " ' ° · ~ ' : - 1 - - . , .,'
.-, - - ~
~ S t e p 1
Read the prompt and think of ideas
to
list in the blanks.
Some people like to plan everything carefully in their lives. Others would rather live each day
without a strict plan. Which do you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and examples to
support your answer.
Careful planning: Living without a plan:
- allows you to set goals
-
lets
you adapt
to
changes
- makes you feel more secure -
lets
you
try new
things
-
reduces
the
chance
of
having
a
problem
-
makes
life
more
interesting
S t e p ~ 2
Read the sample response. Think about the role of the sentences in each part of the essay.
Look for any transitions that link the ideas and underline them. Then put the sentences in the
right order.
Introduction:
A)
This is because I think
it
is better to
have
a schedule that is flexible
to change
and
open to new opportunities.
B) Some people like to
plan
everything carefully
in their
lives, but I
prefer
to
live
each day
without
a
strict
plan.
Body paragraph 1:
A)
The
main
reason I
like
to
live
without a strict
plan is that it
allows
me to be more flexible
to change.
B) For instance, sometimes I intend to go
out
with my friends after
school,
but
then I
get stuck
staying
late
at
school
working
with
a
tutor.
C)
I have to
change
to
deal
with circumstances
like
that.
D) I,
on
the other hand, do not let things
like
that bother me.
flexible:
easily changed
open
willing to
accept changes
strict:
rigid; setting a clear
expectation
tutor
a
person that helps you
understand schoolwork
circumstances
factors that inftuence an
event
·hectic
very busy and unorganized
unforeseen
unexpected
editor
a
person who
determines
the final draft of
a
text
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E) People today live hectic
lives and
face
all
kinds of changes.
F) People that carefully
plan too
much get stressed out
by
these
unforeseen
circumstances.
Body paragraph :
A) If I carefully planned all my days, I
would
miss out on interesting
things.
8)
If I had had a
carefully
planned schedule, Iwould have never been
open to that opportunity.
C) Another
reason I
do not plan
too
much is that it
allows
me to take
advantage of
unanticipated opportunities.
0)
I helped her out, and she gave me a ob as the
photographer
for
my
school paper.
E)
Then,
I ran into the editor of
our
school paper who needed
some
photographs right
away.
F)
For
example, I stayed late after
school
one day with nothing
to
do.
Conclusion:
·
·
A) Not planning too
much
has allowed
me to
deal with change in a
positive
way and
to
remain open
to
new
opportunities.
8) To conclude, there are people
in
this
world
who like to
live
by
a
strict schedule,
but
I am not one of them.
l
:
.
VI
.
~
C\
I V l d ~ n g Ideas low
5 7
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~ t e p 3
Look
back
at the ideas you wrote in the blanks
for
Step
1
Write your own response to the
prompt using one of your own ideas or another idea
from
Step
1
5 8 Chapter 6
· ·
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ · ~ ~
· · ·
~ ~ ~
i
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OpirBion
l t l U i . " l < Y r : < . r ~ . " ' - ' i ' ~ - < - ~ · . k < ; . , , . ; . : . ' ; ' ; t . " i P - ' ' : i ' ~ ; , ; , ~ ~ ' - ' - - " ' - " ' ' \ \ " ' - " - · h , , ' J _ , ·_ .: _,,,_
;\-;: ;.- :•:
,--
Read
the following prompt.
· Some people prefer
to
be the leader in a group. Others would rather follow the lead of another
person. Which do you prefer and why? Give specific reasons and examples
to
support your
· answer.
. Now look at the outline of a possible response
to
the prompt. First identify which side
of
the
argument the responses support. Then write one more idea
of
your own
th t
supports that
side of the argument.
1.
Leading gives me the opportunity to make the
decisions
I
think
are
best
I find it good
practice for
leading in the future.
3.
~ t e p
Read the sample introduction below. Then
in
the
space
provided
write
body paragraphs
for
two of
the ideas above. Try
to write
three
to
five sentences
for each
body paragraph. Then
read the sample conclusion paragraph.
Introduction:
For a group to
get things
done
in
an efficient and organized manner
it
is often essential
that
they
have a leader. In
these
situations I
prefer
to
act
as the leader rather than
one
of the many
followers in
the
group.
Body
1:
r
'
,
~
z
Gl
Making Ideas Flow 539
··
ll lli f l llll l lllllllllll lllllll lllllll lllllll ll lllllll l ll ll ll llllJlll lll llll lll
. ~ i i i l l l
: _ ; _ ~ ·
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Body2:
Conclusion:
For
these reasons
I prefer to assume a
leadership position whenever
I
am given the
opportunity.
Write your
own
response
to
the prompt in Step 1 from the opposite side
of
the argument.
First
think
of two or
three ideas
for
body paragraphs. Then write a response using
your
ideas.
54
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Now read the sample response below What similarities and differences do you
see wit
the
paragraphs you wrote?
· a m p l e Response
For a group
to
get things done
iri
an
efficient
and organized manner,
it
is often essential that
they
have a leader.
In
these
situations,
I prefer
to
act
as the leader
rather than one of the many followers in
the group.
One reason I like to lead is
that
leading gives me the
opportunity
to
make the decisions I
think
are the best. For example,
in
the summers I
often go
on
backpacking
trips with
large
groups
of
my
friends.
I
prefer
to lead because that way, I get to make
the final
decision as to where
we go, which peaks
we
climb,
and how
we get there.
Another
reason I prefer to
be
the leader
of
a group is that I
find
it
good practice for leading in
the future.
Almost
every
career
requires
some
kind of leadership
skills.
Even if you start out
at the
bottom
of a
corporation,
you
eventually work your way
up
the business hierarchy
dnto some kind
of management
position. I
think
it is
important
to develop
·'· the skills
it
takes to be a
good
leader as soon as possible.
« ~ ·
Lastly,
I
prefer
to
lead
because
as
a
leader,
I
get
more
respect
than
as
a follower. Because Iam responsible for the safety and success of an
entire group, the
members
of
that
group
tend
to look
up
to me and listen
to what
I say. When one
of my backpacking
groups
ran into
a
huge
snowstorm one year,
nobody
questioned my decision to turn back. In
fact, niany
of
them
thanked
me
for
keeping them
out of
danger.
For
these
reasons, I
prefer
to assume a eadership position
whenever
I am
given
the
opportunity.
essential:
necessary
follower:
a person who
lets
other
people
lead
a group
hierarchy:
a
system
of organizing
people
respect:
to
regard someone
else's
choices
or
actions
highly
look up to:
to admire someone
question:
to
have doubts
about
something
turn back:
to
return the
way
that you
c me
assume:
to start
to
control
something
I
[
l
I
I
z
'
[
I
[
i
I
i
ivlar:in9 :ueas Flow 54
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Opinion
= 1 ; : ; ~ . ; l l ~ ; , - , , , \ \ t , ; 1 - ( , J > ? i . ( ; h i < l > . < -
• ;
; ' ' •- '
~ , · , , ,. ;.,
~ S t e p
Read
the following prompt.
Is
it
better to get advice from a parent or from a friend? Give specific reasons and examples
to support your answer
Now look at the outline of a possible
response
to the prompt.
Then
write the thesis
and
the
conclusion.
Key point
1:
Parents can be more knowledgeable than
friends
Key point 2: Parents
do not
give bad
advice
Key
point 3:
Parents will recommend what is the best for
you
Conclus ion
~ S t e p :2
Now write
an
introduction
and
a conclusion for the prompt in
Step
1 Use
your thesis
and
conclusion from
Step 1 Try to
write three to five
sentences
for
each
paragraph.
Introduction:
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~ t e p
3
·Write your own response to the prompt in Step
1.
First
think of two
or
three ideas for
body
paragraphs. Then
write a
response
using your
ideas.
Body
Paragraph 1:
~ ~
Body Paragraph 2:
~ ~ ~
Body
Paragraph
= ~
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Making c eas Flow 54
.:·
\
r
:
l
:
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~ t e p 4
Now read the sample response below What similarities and differences
o
you see with the
paragraphs you wrote?
When
you
are
stuck
in a tough situation
and you
do not know
what
to
do
about it it is only natural to
seek
advice. In most situations I
think
it is
better
to go to a
parent
for
advice
than to a friend.
One
reason why
I hold
this belief is because
your
parents
are often
more
knowledgeable
than
your
friends. Your parents have
already gone
through many of the
situations
you are going through. In hindsight they
often have figured out which
solutions
work and which do not. Therefore
they
may
be
able to answer many of
the
questions and concerns your
friends
will
not
be
able
to
answer.
Also I think it is
better
to ask your parents for guidance because they
are less likely to give you bad
advice.
Your friends may be preoccupied
with
things
like
acting
cool or wanting to be accepted. They may
advise
you
to
do things
like
spend your
money
on
clothes
when
it may
not
actually be in your best interest to do so. Your parents
on
the other
hand
are more
removed
from
the
immediate situation and
thus
are
better
able to see
clearly
which solutions are best.
Lastly
I
think
you
should
ask
your
parents
for advice
rather than
your
friends
because your parents
will always
support
you. While
your
friends
may turn their backs on you or even desert you your parents will always
be there to help you.
Most
of
the time
your parents will
spend
as much
time
with
you
as is
needed to
solve your
problem.
In
conclusion
I hink that
you
should
almost
always
go
to your parents
for advice rather than seeking advice from a friend.
stuck:
unable to solve
a
problem
natural:
reasonable n
a given
situation
seek:
to look
for something
hindsight:
the ability to
look
back
on
past events
and
judge them
preoccupied:
thinking
about other things
removed:
to
be
separate from
something
turn
one s
back:
to
stop
helping
somecne
desert:
to
leave someone
in
a
situation where they
need
help
----
·-----------·
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Opinion
I M > M n » ' W c ; w . i : u > J ' : , . T , . l : ; \ : l " i t l W < < . ' : > ~ < ' i ' . ~ ~ = - " " ~ " > l l J i l ~ : ; ) H < \ ~ Y . ~ t : , ~ P ~ ~ " ' - ' " \ · <
.
•>
Read the following prompt.
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It
is important for people
to
learn
the customs
of
a country when they visit. Give specific reasons and examples to support
your answer.
Now look at the outline
of
a possible response to the prompt. First identify which side of
the argument the responses support. Then write one more idea
of
your own that supports
that side of the argument.
I
agree
that
it
is
important to
learn
the
customs
of
a
country
when
people
visit.
Key point 1: You will
learn
about behavior to avoid that
may be offensive.
Key point 2: You
will be
better able
to communicate
with people.
Key
point :
~ S t e p 2
Read the sample introduction below. Then in the space provided write body paragraphs for
two of the ideas above. Try
to
write three
to
five sentences for
each
body paragraph.
Then
read the sample conclusion paragraph.
Introduction:
When you visit
another
country, you often witness a variety of
customs much different
from your
own. I agree
that
it
is
important for people to learn these customs when they
travel to
a foreign country.
Body 1:
Making
Ideas F ow 5 5 •
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Body
2:
. \:
Conclusion:
In conclusion I think that it is
essential to
learn the
customs
of a
country
you
are
planning to
visit.
~ S t e p 3
Write your
own
response
to
the prompt in Step 1 from the opposite side
of
the argument.
First
think
of two or
three ideas
for
body paragraphs. Then
writ
a response using your ideas. <
:\.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
5 6
Chapter 6
- ~ - - ~ · o -
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Now read the sample response below. What
similarities
and differences do you see with the
paragraphs you
wrote?
• Sample
Response
When you
visit another
country,
you often witness avariety of customs
much different from your own. I agree
that
it is important
for
people to
learn
theses customs
when
they travel
to a
foreign
country.
First
of all, learning
a
country s customs
helps you
avoid
embarrassing
situations
or
miscommunications.
In
many African
countries, for example,
it
is
considered
very
rude
to touch
a
person or
eat with
your
left
hand.
Ignorance
of such a
custom
would certainly cause you to offend many
of
the people you meet.
On
the
other
hand,
if you learn
acountry s
customs,
you
will be able
to get
along
with its people quite well.
Secondly, knowing
the
customs of
a
country
you
are visiting shows
locals that
you are genuinely interested
in
their country and that you
\respect
its
people.
In
the
days of colonialism, many colonists blatantly
, disregarded
the
customs
of
the
locals and therefore angered many of
~ t h e m .
When you
visit another country, it
is
important to remember that
,
you
are
a
guest
of
the
people
who
live
there.
As
such,
you
should
respect
their customs,
and in
order
to
do
so, you must learn them.
Finally,
it is important to
learn
a country s customs because it allows
you to communicate with people. Often, people use certain gestures or
greet
each
other in
a unique way.
Knowing what
these
gestures
and
greetings
mean
and what they
are will make
it
much easier to meet
people and get
any
information you might
need.
In conclusion, I
think
that it is essential to learn the customs of a
country
you
are
planning to visit.
witness:.
to see something happen
custom:
something that people in a
particular culture usually
do
embarrassing:
making you feel
self-conscious
or
silly
miscommunication:
misunderstanding
offend:
to
make person upset
because of something that
you
do
or
say
local:
person who
lives
in
particular
place
blatantly:
in n obvious way ,
gesture:
movement of
one s hands
or
head to
communicate
message
I
I
'
Making Ideas Flow
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Instructions Choose the
best
word or phrase
to complete each
sentence.
1 Some
people
are
more
when it s
quiet,
while others work better
with noise in the
background.
(A)
abundant
(B)
productive
(C)
linear
(D) traditional
2
Emily had
to
the fact that
she
didn t study
enough for
the test
and
got
a
poor grade.
(A)
face
(B) eradicate
(C)
post
(D) refuse
3.
I
found the
movie
extremely
I can t believe that
it
got
such
good
reviews.
(A) adequate
(8) significant
(C)
engaging
{D) dull
4.
The
company did
not have
enough
o
get
the
job finished, so
it hired more
people.
(A)
programming
(8) access
(C) manpower
(D)
signal
5. The committee has
been busy planning the
picnic for former_students
of
the
university.
(A) resources
(8)
alumni
(C)
challenges
(D) posters
548
Vocabulary
Review
6.
Stuart
is
a
v ry young
man, so he
should
have no
trouble
finding
a
job.
(A) unstable
(B) scarce
(C) well-rounded
(D)
distracted
7
Some
people
do not understand the
importance of
recycling
in
efforts
to
save the environment.
(A)
waste
(B) signals
(C) pride
(D) globes
8 The
company s of
a
large
sum
of money allowed the
new
park to be
built.
(A)
impression
(B)
contribution
(C)
tradition
(D) association
9. I
would
like
to go to
the
movies.
I could just watch
television at
home
and
save money.
{A) Hardly
(B) Primarily
(C) Swiftly
(D) Conversely
10.
I
decided
I
needed
a ,
so
I
signed up to run a 15-kilometer marathon
next month.
(A) crisis
(B)
challenge
.
(C) forum
(D) program
i;,
· · ~ · ·
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11
The library has many to help
students
who
are researching topics for
reports.
A) finances
B) impressions
C) portrayals
D) resources
12 George is
to
building a
treehouse for his nephews in his sister s
backyard.
A) ensured
B) distracted
C) dedicated
D) associated
13 The new Italian restaurant is going to
ts
menu
on
its website so
·
people can
see it.
A)
vaccinate
, B) pacify
(C)
refuse
D) post
14
I
have
never been
good at
math,
so
I
with it the whole time I was
at school.
A) struggled
B) dropped
C)
concentrated
D) retained
15 Everyone who works with Charlotte is
amazed
at
how
good she is at
A) poverty
B) popularity
C) multitasking
D)
access
Instructions: Choose the
word or phrase closest
in meaning
to
the underlined word.
. 16
I was so
interested
in reading my new book
that I didn t realize how late it
was.
A) valued
B) engaged
C) unstable
D)
linear
17
In
order for antiques
to keep their value,
they must
be
treated
very
carefully.
A)
retain
B) ensure
C)
refuse
D) portray
18
It
is typical
in
some
countries to
put out
milk and
cookies for Santa Claus
on
Christmas Eve.
A)
productive
B) dedicated
C)
scarce
D)
traditional
19
Cleopatra is usually
described
as very
beautiful, though some historians doubt this
is true.
A) portrayed
B) associated
(C)
eradicated
D) replicated
20. She felt a
lot
of
satisfaction
when she found
out that she had achieved a perfect score
on
her
exam.
A) cns1s
B)
value
C)
pride
(0)
signal
~
]
~
[
•
·I
I
.
I
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21
They
were pleased
to
discover they could
QW
for
a trip
to Europe
this
summer
for the
entire
family.
(A)·
pacify
(B)
finance
(C) refuse
(D) postpone
22 The flight had been overbooked, so there
was not
enough
seating on
the
plane for
everyone.
(A) sc
-
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· ; . ~ · ; n s t r u c t i o n s : Write the missing words.
Use
the
words
below to fill in the
blanks.
ensure
run into
· access
•·abundance
scarce
generate ·
preferred
·
crisis
significance · :
globe
·
There
is a lot of
31
to the rising costs of power around the
32
It shows that
_______
as
our
non-renewable sources of energy such
as
coal and
oil are
becoming more and
·· more 34 The
Earth
simply
cannot 35 enough
resources
to
meet
the world's
energy
needs.
However,
using
renewable power
sources
like
·· win·d
and
solar can 36
that we do not
37 energy
problems. More countries
are
gaining
38
to renewable power
sources in the form of wind farms
and
solar
power
plants.
Unlike non-renewable
sources, there will always be an
39
of sunlight and
wind.
In
fact, renewable
energy is quickly
becoming
the
40
method of power
for many
people
and
governments.
Instructions
Choose one
word in each group
that does not
belong.
41 give
provide
design
supply
42
pacify
calm
value
peace
43 unbalanced
unstable
uneven
unproductive
44 focus
attention
disadvantage
concentration
45 copy
replicate
portray
repeat
. nstructions Label
each
pair
of
words as
similar
S)
or
opposite
(0).
46
poverty
wealthy
47
refuse
reject
48
associate
connect
49
distracted
focused
50
design
plan
I
I
[
f
i
.
:
•
[
[ .
·
;
[
;.·
Vocabulary
Review 551
_
" " " ' 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ) 1 1 1 1 ~ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ~ - -
l l l l l l l I ~ . . ; ~
_
. -·-·-
~ ~ ·
'-----·----
_
: . ~ .. . , , , ..
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Instructions Choose the
best word or
phrase
to complete
each sentence.
1
I m
on this chemistry
exercise and I ust can t figure it out.
(A)
natural
(B) strict
(C) wise
D) stuck
2 He
says he
has always
his
older
brother
and
grandfather
as role
models.
(A)
offended
(B) tended
(C)
looked
up to
D) turned
back
3
She was late because she
a
car
accident and
had to
fill out a report
about what happened.
(A)
witnesses
(B)
deserted
(C) connected
D)
devoted
4.
The
academic support center
has
that can help you out in
any
subject.
(A)
locals
(B)
tutors
(C) editors
D) celebrities
5.
My
parents
both believe a good
education
is
for
a
successful
future.
(A)
flexible
(B)
removed
C)
essential
D)
hectic
552 Vocabulary
Review
~ - ~ ' U ' i t l < W < J ' > l l i ' ; t . . - < m O ' • ¥ , : : · • - • - -
.-· }
6 Many explorers
have
gone
out
to
'
the
Fountain of Youth, but
g
.,
none
have found it.
·
(A) seek
-,}
•
B)
desert
i
(C)
connect
J
i
D) devote
j
.,
7
Cais and dogs to
fight,
.
'
i
but
sometimes they
can
also
become
'
friends.
(A)
offend
j
l
(B) assume
·.1
(C)
tend
f>t
D) refuse
i
;j ji
h
8.
My best friend is always reading about
her
' ·
favorite
in
entertainment
*,r,
magazines.
(A)
celebrity
(B) alumni
{
(C)
conflict
fl·
D)
gesture
,
9
It is
often said
that younger people
should
their
elders and speak to
them
politely.
;p;
(A)
f
ensure
(B)
desert
(C) respect
D)
pacify
}( ,
'> il'
O They
aren t
very when it
omes to making financial
decisions,
which
.
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·
11 Everyone says that you
should always
be
honest, but
sometimes being too honest
people.
(A)
vaccinates
(B)
drops
C) respects
(D) offends
12 The
professor is
very
about students attending class
every week.
(A) flexible
(B)
strict
C) specialized
(D)
unstable
13 She
has
a very strong
for
helping animals,
so
she joined an animal
rights group.
(A) forum
(B) dilemma
C)
passion
(D)
field
14
Personal computers have become a
lot
more since they were first
marketed.
·(A) natural
(B) open
C) embarrassing
(D)
accessible
15
The media seem to create more
news
stories instead of
just
reporting the
facts.
(A)
financial
(B)
sensational
C)
devotional
(D)
digital
Instructions: Choose
the
word
or phrase closest
in
meaning
to the underlined word.
16 I
really
have
to doubt whether he really
wants to be a part of this team
due
to
his
attitude.
(A)
associate
(B) struggle
C) assume
(D) question
17
Karen
is
facing
the
problem
of
not knowing
which university
she
wants to
attend.
(A) dilemma
(B)
gesture
C) hindsight
(D)
resource
18. Everyone has had uncomfortable moments
in life when they just want to disappear.
(A)
flexible
(B) embarrassing
C)
essential
(D) informative
19
The
wild
strawberries at my uncle s
farm
were
so plentiful
last
summer that
we
ate
them
for
dessert
nearly every
night.
(A)
suburban
(B) linear
C)
abundant
(D) sensational
20.
His
opinion toward life
is really
positive,
which
makes
him really fun to be
around.
(A) attitude
(B) passion
C) popularity
(D)
pride
· ~ i · .
.
c
z
l
[
i
l
VI I
O
z
l
q '
;:;
'
.
I I
i
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21
Between
work
and school, my
schedule
has gotten
pretty busy
lately.
A) unforeseen
(B) hectic
Cl removed
D)
specialized
22 Sometimes
events happen
that
keep us
from
doing
the things
we
really want to do.
A) conflicts
B)
connections
C)
customs
D)
circumstances
23
He made
a
movement
that meant
he
wanted
me to
follow
him
into
the
sporting
goods
store.
A)
hierarchy
B) miscommunication
C)
gesture
D) follower
24
Due to
an unexpected snowstorm, school
was cancelled for the day which made
the
students
happy.
A)
unforeseen
B) accessible
C) informative
D)
adequate
25
I
have
a
lot of
admiration for people
who
have
overcome difficult obstacles in their
lives.
A)
flexibility
B)
respect
C)
preoccupation
D)
dedication
554 Vocabulary eview
: . ; ; . o < : ... j ' ' ; , ; . ; , ~ . , ; , ;;,;c:;,_.,;;,,;,;c.;;,;,::;:;,;c :.; :::c;;;; :;:;c;;; ;;; ;:c;_ ;;;;;;;; ,;;.
26
They had
a disagreement about
how the
project should be completed, but
they
worked it out.
A) preference
B) memo
C)
passion
D) conflict
27
My schedule is
pretty
changeable, so
just
let me know when you want to
get together
for lunch.
A)
removed
B) open
C) flexible
D) informative
28 In medical
school,
students take
a
lot
of
focused courses relating
to the field of
medicine
they
are interested in.
A) · traditional
B) resourceful
C)
scarce
D) specialized
29
It
is reasonable to be frightened
when
watching scary
movies
on television
late
at
night.
A)
stuck
B)
natural
C)
strict
D)
hectic
30 I
don t
know why
she
bothered
even to
come
with
us when she obviously didn t
want to.
A) adequately
B) conversely
C) blatantly
D) digitally
(
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Instructions: Write
the
missing words. Use
the
· words
below
to
fill in
the blanks.
connected
·
turn back
hectic
devote
hindsight
desert
open
removed
attitude
preoccupied
Ji \ : In today s busy society, it is
easy
to become
' : f , ' : ' ~ · ; , : _ t :
· i \ i ' N t 31 with our own
lives
and
i f ; { . · ~ ~ : ; .
, t ~ ; , ' { become 32 from
the
lives
; w -
. j iib
of our
friends. However, it
is
very important to
.
· · ~ · · ·
..
.
i ~ F
.
stay
33 with
them and be
:,; fj 34 to making
changes
in
. ~ r ; ; ~ : : .
, order to do so.
Although our
lives may be
•
extremely 35
it is not
..
·
acceptable
to
36
one s
-·::;-
·
friends. If you have
the 37
that you are too busy
for them,
there will be a
d a ~ · when they
will
be too busy for you
when
you need help. In
38
you will
wish you
had
not ignored them, but
it will be too late to
39
and change things. So make sure you
40 time
to your friends.
Instructions: Write
the
missing word. Use the
words below to fill in
the
blanks.
off
out
off
so
up
41
The
game
was called and
rescheduled
because of
the bad
weather.
42
I called to ask if you
want
to go
onight.
We
could
see a
movie.
43
She was
upset that
she
failed her midterm exam.
44
We
did not buy
the
sofa
because
we
thought it would take too
much
room.
45 People often think everyone
else is
better
han they are.
Instructions: Match the words that
are
opposites.
46
removed
47 strict
48 unforeseen
49 follower
50 conflict
(A)
relaxed
(B) leader
C) attaohed
(0) agreement
(E) expected
/ j
·
Vocabulary Review 555 1
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