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Islam and Human Rights: a brief summary
In His farewell address the Prophet admonished: Your personas,properties and honor are declared sacred like the sanctity attached to
this day, this month and this spot. Let them not to be violated.M. Z. Khan,Islam and Human Rights
Marco De CaveHuman Rights Organizations, Dr Dominik Smyrgaa
Spring Semester 2011-2012, Collegium Civitas
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Brief chronology of Islam
570-632 A.D. , Life of Muhammad (622 A.D. Hejira and thedraft of the Charter of Medina)
VII-IX cent. : 4 Caliphs (Shi'a party and breaking of the unity,expansion of the Empire world wide)
IX-XIV cent: Interior divisions (Mongolians, Crusades)
1453: conquest of Constantinople
1489: retreat of the Muslims from Europe
XV-XIX: decline of the Empire
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An overall view of the spread of the Empire
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Brief chronology of Islam
1914- 1918 : WW1 and the end of Ottoman Empire
1923: Kemal president of Turkey
1979: Islamic revolution in Iran
1981: Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights
1990: Cairo Declaration on Human Rights by the States ofthe Organisation of Islamic Conference
1997: Islamic Human Rights Commission (UN DESA) 2004: Arab Charter on Human Rights by the League of
Arab States
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Five pillars of Islam: the basis of the rising State
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Charter of Medina (622 A.D.): the Constitution
Legal framework
Religious freedom Security of women
Protection of people (social,legal and economic)
Trial system (abandoningThe Lex Talionis)
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The birth of the first Muslim federation
Ummah and pacificrelations
Equality for all the peoplein the community
From blood ties to thefaith as basis of the'nation'
Individual responsibility
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The structure of the Law (fiqh)
Non political part (naql)
Koran (the Holy Book of the
word of God)
Hadith (statements of theProphet, habits, practices;
Sunnah)
Political part (shari'a)
Jima (agreements of the
scholars)
Quiyas (deductions andinterpretations)
The Koran is the constitution and the Bill of Rights of theIslamic state (Majid Khadduri)
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Shari'a(it can be compared to the Common Law)
Ibdt
Immutable (jus cogens)5 pillars
Mu malt
MutableIt can be interpreted
God is the basis of the jurisprudence
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Jihadto enjoin good and forbid evil (3:104)
Greater jihad: reaching Godas a main mission per eachbeliever (striving)
Lesser jihad: Holy war(historically cancelled, it canbe called by the political andreligious authorities)
The absence of a rationalState building
Watan (nation) as a concept
linked only to the spirit ofpeople (=ummah)
Failure of adopting westernlaws: takfir(apostasy)
Reddite quae sunt Caesaris Caesari et quae sunt Dei Deo
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NOT THE JIHAD WE THINK!
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Refusal of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights(Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Iran)
Art. 1 : All human beingsare born free and equalin dignity and rights [...]
Shari'a is superior
Art. 16: Men and womenof full age,without any limitation []have the right to marry [...]
A non-muslim man can't marrya muslim woman
Art. 18: [...] freedomto change his religionor belief, and freedom,[...] to manifest his religion
Crime of apostasy
Women are subordinated to men
THE BELIEVERTHE BELIEVER
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Universal Islamic Declaration of Human Rights,19th September 1981, Paris
Cairo Declaration on Human Rights,1990, Cairo
Human Rights in Islam(a book by Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi)
Human Rights: the Islamic approach
Arab Charter on Human Rights,22nd May 2004, Cairo
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References
http://www.apologeticsindex.org
http://www.constitution.org/
http://muslimvoices.org/
http://www.geopolitica.info
http://www.un.org/
http://www.unhcr.org
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.apologeticsindex.org/http://www.constitution.org/http://muslimvoices.org/http://www.geopolitica.info/http://www.unhcr.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.unhcr.org/http://www.geopolitica.info/http://muslimvoices.org/http://www.constitution.org/http://www.apologeticsindex.org/