Download - Hubungan Tanah-Air-Tanaman (1)
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Hubungan Tanah-Air-Tanaman
(1)
![Page 2: Hubungan Tanah-Air-Tanaman (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022012100/6169df5f11a7b741a34c4e5c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is Soil?
?
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![Page 4: Hubungan Tanah-Air-Tanaman (1)](https://reader031.vdocuments.pub/reader031/viewer/2022012100/6169df5f11a7b741a34c4e5c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Tanah Sebagai Media Tumbuh Tanaman
1.Cahaya
2.Suhu
3.Udara
4.Air
5.Unsur hara
6.Penunjang mekanik
Tanaman tumbuh
perlu
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Peranan Tanah dalam Menyokong
Pertumbuhan Tanaman
1. Jangkar bagi perakaran
2. Penyedia air
3. Penyedia udara (O2)
4. Penyedia unsur hara
5. Penyangga sebagai
akibat perubahan yang
kurang menguntungkan
misalnya temperatur
dan pH
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SOIL COMPONENTS
Mineral
45%
Air 25 %
Water
25 %
organic
5%
For optimum plant growth
Representative, medium-textured surface soil (by volume)
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Peranan Tanah
Kesuburan Fisik (tekstur,struktur,air,udara)
Kesuburan Kimia (pH, unsur hara)
Kesuburan Biologi (biota)
PRODUKSI TANAMAN
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Tekstur vs Struktur
• Tekstur : komposisi fraksionasi partikel penyusun tanah (pasir, debu, liat) analisis mekanis dan segitiga tekstur
• Struktur : bentuk susunan partikel primer menjadi agregat / ped tipe, ukuran, kualitas/stabilitasnya
• Berkaitan dengan ketersediaan air dan sifat fisik yang lain pertumbuhan tanaman
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Segitiga Tekstur Tanah
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Tanah Sebagai Medium
TanamanTekstur : Pasir, Debu,Liat (Partikel primer)
Partikel primer Agregat Peds
Agregasi Floklulasi + Sementasi
Struktur Tanah : susunan partikel tunggal
- proses pembentukannya ?
- evaluasi struktur ?
- kaitannya dgn pertumbuhan tanaman ?
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Biota vs Agregasi
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Tipe
Struktur
Tanah
granular prisma masif
lempengbutir kubus
Tidak
berstruktur
Tidak
berstruktur
Horizon
B
Horizon
B
Horizon
A
Horizon
E
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+ Fokulasi
Agregasi
Porositas Internal
Pori Mikro
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Peranan Struktur Tanah
• Pergerakan air, oksigen, nutrisi
• Menghambat pertumbuhan akar
• Penghasil senyawa toksin sekitar akar
• Pengaruh struktur :
- langsung (tekanan mekanis)
- tidak langsung (adanya pemadatan)
Compaction : kompresi dan pemadatan tubuh tanah tak jenuh menurunkan volume udara
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Peranan Tanaman thd Agregasi
• Pengikatan partikel (mechanical binding)
• Absorbsi air (dehidrasi) shrinkage &
crack
• Tekanan akar (compress & separate)
• Root exudations
• Bahan organik/humus
• Aktivitas mikrobia (humics cements)
• Akar yang mati
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Evaluasi Struktur
Porositas (total dan distribusi ukuran)
ƒ = 1 – ρb/ρs
distribusi ukuran pori (makro/mikro)
dengan kurva pF dan persamaan
kapilaritas
Indeks ukuran agregat (ayakan kering)
MWD = X = € xi wi
GMD = Y = exp [(€wi log xi) / (€wi)]
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Contoh Alat Evaluasi Struktur
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Penetrometer (ketahanan
penetrasi)
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Shear strength (tahanan
geser)
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Struktur vs Pergerakan Air