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02-3
iy ia:djr;ajh
uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;s;=udf.a md,k iufha
W;=re kef.kysr m%foaY k.d isgqùfï l%shdj,sfha
i;H jd¾:djla
2015 ckjdß ui 8 jeks osk mej;s ckdêm;sjrKfhka uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud mrdch jQ miq t;=ud úiska jir kjhla ;=<
isÿ lrk ,o w;suy;a jq wd¾Ól yd iudchSh ixj¾Okh ms<sn| f;dr;=re hgm;a lr oud ta lghq;= ms<sn|j ck;dj yd
cd;Hka;r m%cdj uq,dlsÍfï yd fkduÕ heùfï jHdmdrhl iqlaIu f,i ie,iqï iy.;j ksr; ù we;s nj meyeÈ,sh' fuu
ckdêm;sjrKhg fmr wm rg w;am;a lrf.k ;snQ w;súYd, ixj¾Okh fufia fkdjeo.;a fldg i,ld fkdi,ld yeÍu
rgla f,i Y%S ,xldjg;a" hqoaOh ksid úkdY ù ;snQ rg tu ;;a;ajfhka Tijd ;nd f,dalfha my;a ueÈ wdodhï ,nk rgla
njg m;alsÍug wmsßñ; odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿka rdcH wxYhg;a lrk w;suy;a widOdrKhla yd wf.!rjhls'
b;du;a oreKq ;%ia;jd§ ixúOdkhla f,i weußldj" hqfrdamh iy bkaÈhdj we;=¿ f,dalfha fndfyda rgj,a j,ska ;ykï
lrk ,o LTTE fldá ixúOdkh hqOuh jYfhka mrdch lsÍfuka miq Y%S ,xldj 2009 isg 2015 olajd ld,h ;=< w;aú|s
foaYmd,k ia:djr;ajh yd uyskao rdcmCI ue;s÷ka f.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a w;aú|s wdrCIs; yd iduldó jgmsgdj ;=<ska iS.%
wd¾Ól yd iudc ixj¾Okhlg u.mE¥ nj meyeÈ,s h' tu Yla;su;a yd ia:djr foaYmd,k ;;a;ajh ;=<ska Wodlr .;a jdis"
W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaY o we;=¿j rg mqrdu meyeÈ,s f,i ±l.; yel'
;%ia;jdoh wjika fldg .; jq mia jir ;=< § fmdÿ ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh ie,lsh hq;= f,i j¾Okh úh' há;,
myiqlï fukau ±jeka; ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s iuyr ñ;% rgj, wkq.%yh hgf;a o wdrïN l< w;r" fndfyduhla läkñka yd
M,odhl f,i iïmQ¾K lr we;' oYl .Kkdjl hqoaOh yuqfõ flfuka fidaodmd¿jg ,la jq cd;sl iu.sh wkql%ufhka
kej; f.dvke.s Yla;su;aù we;' fuys § m%;slafIam l< fkdyels ldrKh jkafka mYapd;a hqO iufha w;alr .;a w;s±jeka;
ch.%yK miqmi ;sfnk jeo.;au idOlh" uyskao rdcmCI ue;s÷kaf.a Yla;su;a yd ¥ro¾YS iajdëk kdhl;ajh njhs'
miq.sh rch úiska iïmQ¾K lr.;a fuu b,lal ;=ÉP f,i neyer lrñka fï rch f.k hk kskaÈ; m%pdrl jevms<sfj<
yqfola u Tjqka yg wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh È.gu mj;ajd .ekSug fkdyels ùu" ue;sjrKfha § ÿka fmdfrdkaÿ lsisjla bgqlr§ug
fyda fmdfrdkaÿ jQ hymd,kh iy wd¾Ól l<ukdlrKh we;s lsÍug fkdyels ùu ksid Èfkka Èk t,a, jk ck;d
wm%idoh fkdu. heùu i|yd isÿlrkakla úh yels h'
miq.sh rch isÿlrk ,o ixj¾Ok lghq;= fkdi,ld yeÍug yd hgm;a lsßug ixúOdkd;aulj l%shd;aul jk nj my;
i|yka fya;= u; fuu lD;sfha l¾;Djrekayg myiq ks.ukhlg t<öug mq,qjka ù we;'
= 2009-2014 olajd isÿ l< ixj¾Ok lghq;=j, ixLHd;aul o;a; iuyr wud;HxY fjí wvúj,ska bj;a lr ;sîu'
= miq.sh rcfha ixj¾Ok jHdmD;s weröfuka fyda ksu lsÍfuka miqj bÈlrk ,o kdu mqjre yd M,l bj;a lsÍu
fyda fjk;a tajd wdfoaY lsÍu'
= miq.sh rch úiska isÿlrk ,o ixj¾Ok lghq;=j, lS¾;sh" miq.sh rch .ek lsisÿ i|ykla lsÍfuka f;drj
;uka i;=lr .ekSu'
= tla tla ckj¾. w;r úYajdih j¾Okh fldg" iu.sh" ixys|shdj we;slsÍu i|yd miq.sh rch úiska lrk ,o
w;súYd, ld¾hNdrh fkdi,ld yeÍu iy wj;lafiare lsÍu'
= ysgmq ckdêm;s uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=udg yd Tyqf.a mjqf,a whg tfrysj wN+; fyda wi;H fpdaokd b;d
ixúOdkd;aulj t,a, lrñka" tu.ska t;=udf.a ckm%idoh wvq lsÍug È.ska È.gu jEhï lsÍu'
2005 fkdjeïn¾ ui uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud n,hg m;ajk wjia:dfõ W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYj, ;snQ ienE ;;a;ajh" rgg
iduh yd ia:djr;ajh <Õdlr .ekSu i|yd t;=ud yd t;=udf.a rch úiska lrk ,o w;súYd, lemlsÍï yd ld¾hNdrh
ms<sn|j;a" mYapd;a hqO iufha w;s±jeka; uqo,a m%udKhla fhdojñka W;=re yd kef.kysr m%foaYj, isÿlrk ,o fmr fkdjQ
úrE ixj¾Okh o" §¾> ld,hla .egqï we;slrf.k isá ckj¾. w;f¾ idudkHfhka olakg ,efnk wúYajdih ke;slsÍu
Wfoid .;a l%shdud¾. o" W;=re kef.kysr ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh wka;su my;a uÜgfï isg ±ka mj;sk ;;a;ajh olajd
Tijd ;eîug .;a mshjr ms<sn|j foaYSh yd cd;Hka;r m%cdjg ksis wjfndaOhla ,nd§u o fuu lD;sfha wruqKhs'
m%ia;djkdj
iy ia:djr;ajh
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Y%S ,xldfõ W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;a fmkajk is;shu
iy ia:djr;ajh
ii
ßh¾ woañrd,a ^úY%d'& fudydka úfÊúl%u
RSP, VSV, USP, ndc, psc
fïc¾ fckrd,a ^úY%d'& Ô'ta' pkaøisßRWP, VSV, USP, ndc, psc
l;=jreka .ek ye|skaùula
ßh¾ woañrd,a fudydka úfÊúl%u tjlg taldnoaOj meje;s W;=re kef.kysr m<df;a
wdKavqldr Oqrfha 2006 ckjdß 20 jeks osk msÿï ,enQ w;r" 2007 ckjdß 01 jeks Èk tu
m<d; m<d;a folla jYfhka fjka jQ miq kef.kysr m<df;a wdKavqldrjrhd f,i
m;alrkq ,eîh' 2012 ckjdß 20 jeks Èk t;=ud kej; tu ;k;=f¾ fojk Oqr ld,h
i|yd w;s.re ckdêm;s;=ud úiska kej; m;a lrkq ,enQ w;r" kef.kysr m<df;a
ck;djg w;súYd, fiajdjla bgqlrñka tu ;k;=f¾ 2015 ckjdß 20 jeks Èk olajd
jir 9 l ld,hla fiajh lf<a h'
kdúl yuqodfõ jir 34 l fiajd ld,h ;=, kdúl fk!ld iy kdúl l|jqre .Kkl wKfokakd yeáhg o ;%ia;jd§kag
tfrysj f.dvìfï iy uqyqfoa l%shdkaú;j, m%Odk uQ,ia:dkhla jk kef.kysr kdúl m%foaYfha fojrla iy ol=Kq kdúl
m%foaYj, kdúl wd{dm;s jYfhka lghq;= lrk ,o w;r" kdúl yuqod uq,ia:dkfha fufyhqï" mßmd,k iy iqNidOkh"
ie,iqï iy jHdmD;s fomd¾;fïka;=j, m%Odkshd f,i o lghq;= lr 2001 ud¾;= ui isg 2005 fkdjeïn¾ ui olajd kdúl
yuqodfõ udKav,sl m%Odk jYfhka jeäu ld,hla tu ;k;=f¾ fiajh lrk ,o udKav,sl m%Odk yeáhg úY%du hk ,È'
Tyqf.a wjxl tä;r iy lemjqKq fiajh i|yd -RSP, VSV, USP, we;=¨ molalï /ilska msÿï ,nd we;'
fïc¾ fckrd,a Ô'ta' pkaøisß m%:u j;djg W;=re m<d;a wdKavqldrjrhd jYfhka 2009
cq,s ui w;s.re ckdêm;s;=uka úiska m;alrk ,È' fojk j;djg;a 2014 cq,s ui Tyq
wdKavqldr moúfhka msÿï ,enQ w;r" 2015 ckjdß ui 20 jeks Èk olajd Tyq tu moúh
fynùh' Tyqf.a tu jir myudrl fiajd ld,h ;=< hqoaOfhka úkdY jQ W;=re m<d;
kej; m%;sixialrKh lsÍfï ld¾hh fjkqfjka Tyq úiska lrkq ,enq lemùu iy
wmsßñ; fufyjr kej; W;=re m<d; h:d ;;a;ajhg m;alsÍug w;súYd, n,mEula
we;slrk ,È'
Tyqf.a jir 35 la jQ §ma;su;a hqO yuqod fiajdj ;=< Tyq kdhlfhl= f,i;a" udKav,sl ks,OdÍjrhl= f,i;a jeo.;a ;k;=re
/ila fynùh' lS¾;su;a wYajdfrdayl n,ldfha ks,Odßhl= jk Tyq tu ikakoaO n,ldfha n,fiakdêm;s f,i j¾I 1997
isg 1999 olajd fiajh lf<a h' Tyq b;d jeo.;a jQ hdmkh wdrCIl fiakd uQ,ia:dkfha wd{dm;sjrhd f,i j¾I 2005 isg
2009 olajd lghq;= l< w;r" tu moúhg m;aùug m%:u Tyq mdn, fiakdxl foll fiakdêm;s moúh ork ,È' taldnoaO hqO
uQ,ia:dkfha wOHCI ckrd,ajrhd jYfhka jrla lghq;= l< Tyq" ;u yuqod Ôú;fha wjidk mßÉfþofha § hqO yuqod
udKav,sl m%Odk moúhg m;aúh' Tyq 2009 j¾Ifha cq,s ui hqO yuqodfjka úY%du .kakd úg hqO yuqod udKav,sl m%Odk
;k;=rg wu;rj W;=f¾ wj;ekajQjka iïnkaOj ksis n,Odßhd f,i o lghq;= lrñka isáfha h' Tyqf.a úYsIaG" wjxl iy
tä;r hqO yuqod fiajh we.hSula f,i RWP, VSV, iy USP molalï we;=¿ ;j;a molalï .Kkdjlska msÿï ,nd we;'
iiiiy ia:djr;ajh
mgqk
m%ia;djkdj
W;=re kef.kysr m<d;a ms<sìUq lrk Y%S ,xld is;shu
l;=jreka .ek
meje;s ;;ajh
iduh yd ia:djr;ajh kej; we;sùu
wNHka;r wj;eka jQ mqoa.,hka yd kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfï jev ms<sfj,
= mqoa.,hka wj;ekaùu
= fldá idudðlhska mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu
= ìï fndaïn yd fkdmsmsrekq fndaïn WKav" m;frdï bj;a lsÍu
= mqoa.,sl bvï kej; ,nd §u
iaÓr ksjdi ,nd§u
isú,a mßmd,kh ld¾hCIu lsÍu
m%cd;ka;%jdoh kej; ia:dms; lsÍu
Ôjk ;;a;ajh k.disgqùu
= wd¾Ól ld¾hidOkh
= úÿ,sn,h ,nd§u
= msßisÿ mdkSh c,h ,nd§u
hqoaOfhka mSvdjg m;ajQ m%foaYj, Ôjfkdamdh ud¾. k.disgqùu
= lDIsl¾udka;h
= i;aj md,kh
= ëjr l¾udka;h
= ixpdrl jHdmdrh
fiajdjka k.disgqùu yd ld¾hCIu lsÍu
= fi!LH fiajh
= wOHdmkh
= ÿïßh fiajh
= rEmjdysks $ ikaksfõok $ wka;¾cd,
há;, myiqlï k.disgqùu iy w¨;ska iE§u
= uxudj;a yd md,ï
= jdßud¾.
= jrdhka
=.=jkaf;dgqm,j,a
iudma;sh
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iy ia:djr;ajh
oYl ;=kl muK ld,hla W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYj, fjku md,khla fjkqfjka ìys jQ ;%ia;jdoh iu. we;s jQ .egqï ksid
Y%S ,xldfõ iajdëk;ajh" talShNdjhg iy hymeje;au mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §ug isÿjqKs' .egqï
fya;=fjka ish¨ ck fldgia ksfhdackh lrñka ,CIhlg jvd jeä msßila ñh.sh w;r" úYd, ixLHdjla wdndê; ;;a;ajhg
m;aúh' rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl foam,j,g isÿ jQ ydksh w;suy;a h' ckdêm;sjrfhla" ckdêm;s wfmaCIlfhla" wud;Hjreka
iy md¾,sfïka;= uka;%Sjreka .Kkdjla Ôú;CIhg fyda wdndê; ;;a;ajhg m;aúh' wkdrCIs;Ndjh rfÜ iEu wiaila
uq,a,la kEru me;sr f.dia ;snqKs' ud¾. ndOl" uqr lfmd¨" fidaÈis lsÍï rg mqrd iq,N jQ w;r tajd rfÜ Èk p¾hdfõ
fldgila njg m;aù ;snqKs'
úfYaIfhka u" fldámd,k m%foaYj, .ukd.ukh" woyia m%ldY lsßu iy foaYmd,k l%shdj, ks;r ùu oreKq f,i iSudlr
;snqKs' isú,a ck;dj iy orejka meyerf.k f.dia hqO lghq;= i|yd fhdod .kq ,eîh' urdf.k uefrk fndaïnlrejka
uq,skau f,dalhg y÷kajd fok ,oafoa fldá ixúOdkh hs' Tjqka úiska uOHia: fyda úreoaO u; oerE fou< kdhlhska
fndfyduhla lDDr f,i >d;kh lrk ,È'
fldá ixúOdkh wú n,h fhdod W;=re m<df;a ls,sfkdÉÑ yd uq,;sõ Èia;%slal uq¿ukskau;a" ukakdrï Èia;%slalfha jeä
fldgil=;a" jjqkshd Èia;%slalfha W;=re fmfoi;a" kef.kysr m<df;a wïmdr Èia;%slalfha iuyr m%foaY;a" ;%sl=Kdu,h iy
uvl,mqj Èia;%slalj, ie,lsh hq;= m%foaYhl=;a" tjlg n,meje;s ^fndfyda ÿrg talmd¾Yúl& igka úrduho m%fhdackhg
.ksñka uyskao rdcmCI ue;s÷ka n,hg m;ajk wjia:dfõ k;=lrf.k ;snqKs' ;jo f,dj rgj,a /ila ;%ia;jd§
ixúOdkhla f,i ms<sf.k ;snQ fldá ixúOdkh fuu m%foaYj, lsisu n,meula ke;sj Tjqkaf.au fmd,sis yd Widú ixlS¾K
mjd mj;ajdf.k hñka isá w;r Tjqkaf.a md,k m%foaYj, isá ck;djg rfÜ wfkl=;a m%foaYj,g .uka lSÍug Tjqkaf.a
wkque;sh ,nd.ekSu w;HjYH lr ;snqKs'
W;=re kef.kysr ixj¾Okh i|yd rch l%shd;aul l< jHdmD;s fndfyduhla tu ck;dj fj; <.d jQfha ke;' tu lghq;=
i|yd hejQ øjH muKla fkdj" wdydr mjd ;%ia;jd§ka úiska Tjqkaf.a hqOuh wjYH;d imqrd .ekSu i|yd Ndú;d lr we;'
uydud¾. .ukd.ukhg iqÿiq ;;a;ajhl fkd;snqKs' md,ï iy fndalal= fndfyduhla msmsÍ úkdY ù ;snqKs' W;=re
kef.kysr yd rfÜ wfkl=;a m%foaY hdlrñka ;snQ m%Odk ÿïßh ud¾. ish,a,u iïmQ¾Kfhkau úkdY fldg tajdfha is,amr
fldgka mjd nxlr yd fjk;a wdrCIs; ia:dk bÈlsÍug fhdodf.k ;snqKs'
úÿ,s iïfm%aIK /yeka" ikaksfõok há;, myiqlï" c,iïmdok fhdackdl%u úkdY lr ;snqfKa ys;du;duh' lDIsld¾ñl
yd u;aiH ksIamdokh b;sydifha wju w.h olajd my< jeà ;sìKss' ireidr fl;aj;= ìïfndaïn j,ska msreKq uqvqìï njg
m;aù ;snqKs' mdi,a" lkHdrdu" wd.ñl ia:dk yd <ud ksjdi wd§ fmdÿ ia:dk fndfyduhla mdfya fldá l|jqre njg
mßj¾;kh lr ;snqKs' W;=re kef.kysr m%foaYj, .=re ysÕh fya;=fjka wOHdmkh lvdlmam,a ù ;snQ w;r rcfha frday,aj,
o ffjoHjre" fyÈhka yd iq¿ fiajlhkaf.a oreKq ysÕhla olakg ,enqKs' rcfhka yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj,ska hejQ
fnfy;a mjd fldá ixúOdkh úiska n,y;aldrfhka meyer .;af;ah' oYl .Kkdjla ;siafia lsisÿ m%;sixialrKhlg ,la
fkdjQ rcfha f.dvke.s,s ;snqfKa crdjdi jQ ;;a;ajhlh' fldá úiska n,y;aldrfhka jevlrk ia:dk jid oud ks;ru
meje;ajQ y¾;d,a jHdmdr ksid ck Ôú;h iïmQ¾Kfhka u wvd< ù ;snqKs' >d;k" meyerf.k hdï" fld,a,lEï W;=re
kef.kysr iEu ;eklu nyq,j jd¾;d jQ nj o ljqre;a okakd ldrKhls'
meje;s jd;djrKh
iy ia:djr;ajh
1
uyskao rdcmCI ckdêm;s;=ud Y%S ,xld m%cd;ka;%sl iudcjd§ ckrcfha m%Odkshd f,i f;aÍ m;ajk úg Y%S ,xldj wd¾Ól yd
iudchSh msßySulg ,laj" uyd jHikhla lrd .uka lrñka isá nj meyeÈ,sjuy nexl= jd¾;dwkqjfmkqk lreKls' tjlg
fkda¾ùðhdkqjkaf.a ueÈy;aùfuka 2002 jif¾fmnrjdrs ui 22 jeks osk w.ue;sj isá rks,a úl%uisxy ue;s;=uka yd fldá
kdhl fõ¨ms,af,a m%Ndlrka iu. we;slr .;a igka úrdu .súiqu meje;afjñka ;snQ kuq;a 2006 jk úg fldá ixúOdkh
fuu .súiqu 4000 jdrhlg jevsmuKla ì|oud ;snQ w;r wdrCIl wxY úiska .súiqu lv flreKq wjia:djka .Kk 400 lg;a
wvq h'
fldá ixúOdkhg nf,ka idudðlhska n|jd .ekSu" wú wdhqO f;d. jYfhka uqyqoska f.k tau" nr wú fhdod W;=re
kef.kysr yuqod l|jqrej,g jßka jr myr t,a, lsÍu" yuqod nqoaê wxYhg wkqhqla; úYd, msrsila ie,iqï iy.; f,i
>d;kh lsÍu" .=jka n,h j¾Okh lsÍu fldá kdúl n,h Yla;su;a lsÍu hkdÈh ;=<ska igka úrdu fldkafoais È.ska È.gu
fldá ixúOdkh W,a,x>kh lr we;'
,xldfjs iycd;Hka;rjm%isoaOshgm;aúisgsúfoaY lghq;= wud;H .re ,CIuka l§¾.du¾ ue;s;=ud" t;=udf.a ksji ;=< §
fldáka úiska >d;kh lsÍu igka úrduh yqfolau M,rys; nj fmkakqï lf<ah' ,enqKq f;dr;=re wkqj" fldá ;%ia;jd§ka
;j ;j;a Yla;su;a fjñkaigka úrduh ;=< ne/lalj,g isrù isá rcfha yuqodjkag bÈßfha § úYd, wNsfhda.hla ùug
ie,iqï lrñka isáh y'
uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=uka ckdêm;s Oqrfha Èjqreï § i;s lsysmhla hdug;a u;af;ka" rcfha yuqodjka m%;sm%ydrj,g fmd<Ujd
igka úrduh lvlsÍu ;=<ska cd;Hka;rhg fhduq lsÍfï b;d iQlaIu ie,iqula Tjqka fj; ;snqKs' ksrdhqO hqO Nghka"
keúhka" .=jka yuqod Nghka iy fmd,sia ks,OdÍka fuf,i m%ydr u.ska >d;kh lf<a Tjqka ksjdvq u;.uka lrk úg"
tfia;a ke;skï wdydr fyda fjk;a øjH /f.k taug hk tk wjia:dj, § h' igka úrdu hgf;a uqr ixpdrj, fhfoñka ;snQ
kdjsl hd;%d .Kkla fjä fnfy;a mqrjk ,o ëjr fndaÜgq fhdod úkdY lrk ,È' ;jo ksjdvq ,nd msgj hk kdjql yuqod
fin¿kaf.ka iukaú; r: lKavdhulg W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj,ska neyer msysá È.ïm;k m%foaYfha § m%ydr t,a,
l< ;%ia;jd§ka ishhlg jeä kdúlhka msßila >d;kh l< w;r" ;j;a tjeksu msßila wdndê; ;;a;ajhg m;al< y'
isxy, yd yskaÿ w¨;a wjqreoaog fmr Èk tkï" 2006 wfm%a,a 12 jeks Èk ;%sl=Kdu,h t<j¿ fj<|fmdf,a § fndaïnhla
mqmqrejd yßñka wysxil isú,a ck;dj úYd, m%udKhla >d;kh lf<a Èjhsfka wfkl=;a m%foaYj, isák fou, ckhd
fj;1983 jifraos jeks m%;sm%ydr n,dfmdfrd;a;=fjks' 2006 wfm%a,a 20 jeks Èktjlg hqO yuqodm;sj isá Æ;skka fckrd,a
ir;a f*dkafiald uy;d oreKq f,i ;=jd, lrñka t;=ud" t;=udf.a uq,ia:dkh ;=,§u urdf.k uefrk fndaïnldßhlf.a
m%ydrhg ,lajqfha igka úrdu.súiqu meje;afjñka ;snQ wjia:dfjÈh'
kuq;a .egqfï yerjqï ,laIh 2006 cq,s 26 jk Èk ;%ia;jd§ka úiska udú,a wdre fidfrdõj jid oeóu;a iu.isÿúh'
;%sl=Kdu, Èia;%slalfha ol=Kq m%foaYfha Ôj;ajQ ckhdg mdkSh fukau j.d lghq;= ioyd o c,h imhQ tlu c,u¾.h fuh jQ
w;r" fuu fidfrdõj jid oeófuka wk;=rej tu ck;djg m%foaYfhka msgj hdu yer fjk;a úl,amhla fkdue;súh' fuu
ck;djg c,h ,nd §u Wfoid hqO yuqodj fufyhjd udú,a wdre fidfrdõj ;%ia;jd§ .%yKfhka uqojd újD; lsÍug rchg
isÿjQ w;r fuu b,lalhg ,.dùu Wfoid b;du;a ;o fldá m%;súfrdaOhlg uqyqK §ugo yuqodjkag isÿ jQ w;r i;s lsysmhl
igkska miqj fidrõj uqojd .ekSug hqO yuqodj iu;a úh'
uyskao rdcmlaI ckdêm;s;=ud ;u rch iu. ñka fmr mej;s lsisu rchla úiska fkd.kakd ,o ft;sydisl ;SrKhla
.ksñka"fldáixúOdkh hqOuh jYfhka mrdch fldg Y%S ,xldjg iduh Wodl, hq;=hs hkqfjka wêIaGdkuh ;SrKhla
.kakd ,È' bka udi 12 lg miq kef.kysr m<d; uqojd.;a hqO yuqodj ishÆu me;sj,ska W;=re foig .uka lrñka 2009 uehs
18 jk Èk W;=re fmfoi;a" uq¿ Y%S ,xldju;a ;%ia;jd§kaf.ka uqod .kakd ,§' fuys§ wújdÈ; lreKla jkqfha uyskao
rdcmlaI ckdêm;s ;=udf.a fkdief,k ffO¾h;a" lemùu;a" wêIaGdkh;a fkdjkakg t;=udg msg;ska yd wNHka;rfhka
t,a,jqKq oeä n,mEï ;=<ska wjidk m%;sM,h iy rfÜ b;sydih fjkiaùug fndfyda ÿrg bvlv ;snqKs'
iduh yd ia:djr;ajfha mqkrd.ukh
iy ia:djr;ajh
2
oYl ;=kla mqrd Èj.sh .egqïldÍ iuh ;=< § wdikak jYfhka kef.kysr m<df;a mjq,a 100"783 iukaú; mqoa.,hka 398"926
la o" W;=re m<df;a mjq,a 170"217 iukaú; mqoa.,hska 567"492 la wj;eka Ndjhg m;ajqKs' fï w;ßka jeä m%udKhla udú,a
wdre fidfrdõj ksoyia lr.ekSfuka miq 2006 jif¾§ fldá ixúOdkh hgf;a isá ck;dj uqod .ekSug isÿl, oejeka;
yuqod fufyhqï l%shdoduh ;=<isÿúh' Bg wu;rj ie,lshhq;= m%udKhla W;=re yd kef.kysr isxy, yd uqia,sï .ïudkj,g
fldá myr§ï ;=<ska isÿù we;'
wj;ekajQjka läkñka kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu uyskao rdcmCI rcfha m%Odk;u wruqKla jQ w;r kef.kysr m%foaYfha uqojd .;a
m%foaY h:d ;;ajhg m;alr ck;dj mÈxÑ lsÍu wdrïN lrk úg W;=re m<df;a yuqodj iy fldá w;r oreKq igka mej;sK'
wj;eka jQ ck;dj mÈxÑlsÍfï § uQ,sl wjYH;d iemhqu i|yd rchg iyfhda.hg foaYSh iy úfoaYSh rcfha fkdjk
ixúOdk .Kkla bÈßm;a úh'
kkaÈlvd,a ys fldá ;%ia;jd§kaf.a wjidk wdrCIl j<,a, ì| oud ñksia m<syla f,i fhdod isá oyia .Kka ck;dj
uqojd.;a úg tu msßi oyia .Kkaj,ska ;u orejka iy jeäysáhka o legqj" ;=jd,ù isá wh wdrCIl yuqodjkaf.a iydh
we;sj rcfha md,k m%foaYj,g meñŒug mgka .eKsk' mjq,a 91950 l idudðlhka 285"000 l muK msßila tljr tla/ia
lr" wdydr" fnfy;a ,nd foñka Tjqka fjkqfjka b;d läuqäfha ms<sfh< lrk ,o wj;eka l|jqre i|yd tla/ia lsÍu"
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l%shdoduhlska Wmßuhg fjfyig m;aù ;snQ wjia:djla nj lsj hq;=h' Y%S ,xld rch fuu wNsfhda.h b;d id¾:lj ch
.ksñka b;du flá ld,hlska wj;eka jQ ck;dj ;u .ïìïj, mÈxÑ lrk ,È' ñksia m<syla f,i fhdod isá ck;djla
uqod.ksñka Tjqkag /ljrKh ,nd foñka" lsisu jix.; frda. ;;ajhlg fyda mßmd,k wvqmdvqjlska ydkshla fkdlr ukd
l<uKdldß;ajhlska lrk ,o l%shdj,sh uq¿ f,djgu wdo¾Yhla nj;a" f,djgu fuu jevigykska bf.k .; yels foa
fndfydauhla nj;a m%o¾Ykh lsÍug rchg yels úh'
wNHka;r jYfhka wj;ekajQ ck;dj
kej; mÈxÑlrùfï l%shdoduh
wj;eka jQ ck;djg wjYH uQ,sl myiqlï i,id §uwj;eka jQ ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug m%:u w;HjYH
NdKav iy WmlrK m%odkh lsÍu
wj;ekajQ ck;dj
iy ia:djr;ajh
3
idudkH isú,a ck;dj Ndrf.k /ljrKh i|yd f.k hdug fhdod ;snQ yuqod wkqlKav fj; idudkH ck;dj iuÕ uqiq ù
fldá ;%ia;jd§ka meñŒu ksid meñfKk idudkH ck;djg muKla fkdj" tu wkqlKavj, fiajh lrk yuqod
ks,OdÍkag;a úYd, ;¾ckhla úh' fufia isú,a ck;dj iu. ñY% ù isá ;%ia;jd§ka wjia:d lsysmhl§ rcfha m%foaY lrd
ixl%uKh jk ck;djg fjä ;enQ nj ±k.ekSug ,enqKs' ;jo tla wjia:djl § isú,a ck;dj iuÕ yuqod uqrfmd<la fj;
meñKs fldá urdf.k uefrk ;%ia;jdÈfhla tu fndaïnh mqmqrjd .ksñka isú,a ckhd fukau yuqod ks,Orska lsm fofkla
urd ±óh'
fuu wjia:djg miq meñfKk ck;dj ±ä mÍCIKhlg ,lalr fldá ;%ia;jd§ka yels muK y÷kdf.k isú,a ck;dj
jõkshdfõ wj;eka l|jqrej,g;a" ;%ia;jd§ka mqkre;a:dmk l|jqre fj;;a fhduq lsÍug yuqodj lghq;= lrk ,È' fndfyda
wjia:dj, § fldá ;%ia;jd§ka ;u wkkH;dj mjid yuqodjg NdrjQ w;r tfia fkdlrkakka miqj nqoaê wxY yryd
w;awvx.=jg f.k mqkre;a:dmk l|jqre fj; fhduq lr we;' flfia fj;;a y÷kd fkd.;a fldá ;%ia;jd§ka fï w;r isáhd
úh yel'
mqkre;a;dmkh i|yd fldá idudðlhska 11664 fofkla hqO yuqodj u.ska fhduq lrk ,o w;r thska 2000 la muK
ldka;djka úh' 594 fofkla jhi wjq' 14 isg 18 olajd jQ <uqka úh' fudjqka w;r idudkH ikakoaO fldá idudðlhska fukau
b;d oreKq l¿ fldá uqyqoq fldá iy urdf.k uefrk fldá lKavdhïj,g wh;a idudðlhka úh'
fuu;%ia;jd§ka mqkre;a:dmkh lr kej;;a iudchg jevodhS mqrjeishka f,i uqodyeÍu Y%S ,xld rch hqoaOfhka miq uqyqK
ÿka ;j;a m%Odk;u wNsfhda.hla úh' fuu fldá idudðlhska ixúOdkhg tlaùug fya;= jQ ldrKd iy miqìu tlsfkldg
fjkia jQ neúka Tjqka mqkre;a:dmkfha § iudchg M,odhS jQ mqrjeishka ìyslsÍug wjYH miqìu ilia lsÍu msKsi" rchg
w;súYd, mßY%uhla ±Íug isÿ úh'
fuu wjYH;djh ia:dmkh lr .ekSu
i|yd kj cd; sl ixúOdkhl
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iy l,dj hk úIhhka f.ka iukaú; úh' W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj, msysá iïmQ¾K wdrCIdj iys; f;dard.;a wdh;k
29 l fuu mqkre;a:dmk l|jqre wdrïN lrk ,È' 2013 iema;eïn¾ ui jk úg fuu fkduÕ .sh fldá idudðlhska 11600 la
mqkre;a:dmkh fldg kej;;a iudc.; flreKs' jhi wjq' 18 g wvq jQ <uqka 594 fokdu kej; ;u foudmshka yg Ndr fok
,È' iq¿ wmrdO fpdaokd ,enQ fldá idudðlhska i|yd kS;suh Wmfoia" kS;sm;s fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska ,nd .ekSfuka miq ta
wkqj lghq;= fldg Tjqka iudc.; lrk ,È' mqkre;a:dmk wêldßfha o;a;hkag wkqj fuu fldá idudðlhka
mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu i|yd Y%S ,xld rchg remsh,a ñ,shk 1361'63 l úhoula ±Íug isÿúh' fuu b;d jeo.;a wjYH;djh
fjkqfjka Y%S ,xld rch úiska fjku mqkre;a:dmk wud;HxYhla msysgjQ w;r miq.sh rcfha md,k ld,h wjika jk úg
wjika mqkre;a:dmk l|jqr muKla jjqkshdfõ b;sßj ;snQ w;r wfkl=;a ish¿u l|jqre ;u ld¾hh wjika fldg jid oud
;snqKs'
NdrjQ fldá ;%ia;jd§ka mqkre;a:dmkh lsÍu
mqkre;a:dmkfha tla wx.hla jk jD;a;sh mqyqKqfõ fhfok idudðlhska msßila
iy ia:djr;ajh
4
ìïfndaïn yd wfkl=;a mqmqrk øjH bj;a lsÍu fukau kej; mÈxÑlrjk ck;djg ìïfndaïn wk;=re ms,snoj oekqj;a
lsÍu kej; mÈxÑlrùfï mQ¾jdjYH;djhla jQ w;r yuqod wxY úiska úiska fï ioyd tlai;acd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh yd
wfkl=;a rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, Woõ we;sj iduqysl l%shdoduhla Èh;a lrk ,§' fuu m%foaYj, ìïfndaïn bj;a
lsÍfuys,d fndaïn úúO j¾.j, tajd ùu yd úYd, m%udKhla j,,d ;sîu hk fya;= ksid jvd;a ixlS¾Kúh' iuyr m%foaY
j, tl jdrhlg jvd fndaïn w;=rd ;snqKq w;r tajd §¾> ld,hla ;siafia j,oud ;sìKs' wdikak jYfhka kef.kysr
m%foaYfha j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 2060 l muK yd W;=re m%foaYfha j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 1418 l m%udKhl ìï fndaïn bj;a lsÍug ;ssìk'
2015 ckjdß ui rch udre jk wjia:dfõ kef.kysr m%foaYfha ìï fndaïn ;snQ j¾. ls'ñ' 2060 lska j¾. ls'ñ' 126 l
m%foaYhla iy W;=re m%foaYfha j¾. ls'ñ' 1418 lska j¾. ls'ñ' 100 l m%udKhla ìï fndaïn bj;a lsÍug ;j;a b;sßj ;sìK'
,enQ úia;r wkqj fuu m<d;a foflkau ìï fndaïn iy mqmqrK øjH 2"250"000 l m%udKhla bj;a lr we;sw;r uE; ld,fha
f,dal b;sydifha b;d flá l,lska l%shd;aul jQ id¾:lu ìï fndaïn ksIal%sh lrk ,o jev igykla yeáhg cd;Hka;r
ixúOdk .Kkdjla ms<sf.k we;'
W;=f¾ ìï fndaïn bj;a lsÍfï l%shdj,sh
ìïfndaïn yd fjk;a mqmqrk øjH bj;a lsÍu
iy ia:djr;ajh
5
.egqï wjidkh;a iu. ck;dj h<s mÈxÑ lrkq jia tjlg meje;s rch wdrCIl yuqod úiska ;u l%shdkaú;hkag iy
wdrCIdj msKsi oYl ;=klg muK ld, mßÉfþohla mqrd mjrdf.k ;snQ W;=re kef.kysr fjfik isú,a mqoa.,hskag ysñ
bvï kej; tu ck;djg ,nd §ug lghq;= läkñka wdrïN lrk ,È' fufia ksoyia lrk ,o fm!oa.,sl bvïj, Ôú;h
kej; wdrïN lsÍu Wfoid tlai;a cd;Skaf.a iy cd;Hka;r iy ,dxlsl rcfha fkdjk ixúOdkj, iydh we;sj tu mjq,a
yg ;djld,sl iy iaÓr ksjdi" w;HjYH NdKav" wdydr øjH ,nd§ug lghq;= lrk ,o w;r" we;eï mjq,a i|yd ;u
Ôjfkdamdh wdrïN lsÍug wjYH iyfhda.h ,nd § we;'
flfia fj;;a kef.kysr m<df;a idïmQ¾ m%foaYh f,dal m%isoaO ;%sl=Kdu,h jrdfha ol=Kq msúiqug hdnoj msysgd we;s w;r"
fldá úiska jrdhg tk fj<| iy kdúl fk!ld fj; fjä fnfy;a mqrjk ,o hd;%d u.ska myr§ï ksid hd;%d lsysmhla
Èhn;a jQ w;r" fuu m%foaYh ;=< fldá úiska ia:dmkh lr ;snQ nr wú ud¾.fhka ;%sl=Kdu,h m%foaYfha wdrCIl iy
mßmd,k m%foaYj,g nr wú fhdod myr fok ,È' idïmQ¾ m%foaYh yuqod úiska uqojd.;a miqj tu m%foaYh m<uqj ;ykï
m%foaYhla yeáhg;a" miqj úfYaI m%foaYhla yeáhg wdfhdack l,dmhla msysgqùu i|yd .eiÜ lr we;' Y%S ,xldj" bkaÈhdj
iu. bÈflfrk .,a wÕ=re n,d.drh fuu úfYaI l,dmh ;=< msysgd we;'
fuu m%foaYfha Ôj;a jQ mjq,a 917 la jQ ck;dj h<s mÈxÑ lsÍu Wfoid miq.sh rch jkaÈ iy úl,am bvï ,nd§ug bÈßm;a jQ
w;r fuu ck;dj È.ska È.gu tu W;aidyhg úreoaO úh' flfia fj;;a" kj rch m;ajq miq ue;sjrK fmdfrdkaÿjla
imqrd,Su Wfoid fuu mjq,a wÈhr lsysmhlska" wd¾Ól l,dmhlg y÷kdf.k ;snQ fuu m%foaYfha mÈxÑ lsÍug lghq;= lr
we;' fuu ck;djg w;aú|Sug isÿúh yels mdßir yd fi!LH fya;+ka u; bkaÈhdj iu. bÈlsÍug lghq;= lrñka ;snQ .,a
wÕ=re n,d.drh w;aysgqùug rch ;SrKh lr we;s njg f;dr;=re ,eî we;'
isú,a iy .=jka yuqodjg we;s tlu .=jka m:h yd f;dgqm, m<d,sj, msysgd we;s w;r hqO .egqï fya;=fjka fuu
.=jkaf;dgqmf,a wdrCIdj msKsi thg hdno m%foaYh wdrCIs; m%foaYhla yeáhg .eiÜ lr .=jka iy hqO yuqod fj;
mjrdf.k ;snqKs' ;%ia;jdoh wjikaùu;a iu. fuu m%foaYfhka wj;eka jQ ck;djg úl,am bvï iy jkaÈ ,nd§ug tjlg
;snQ rch bÈßm;a jQ w;r" foaYmd,k iy fjk;a n,mEï fya;= fldgf.k fuu ck;dj È.ska È.gu ;u bvï ,nd fok f,i
rchg n,lrk ,o w;r" fuu b,a,Su cd;Hka;rlrKh lr ;snqKs' ;jo" hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha wfkl=;a m%foaYj,;a"
ls,sfkdÉÑ" uq,;sõ" jõkshd iy ukakdru m%foaYfha;a isú,a ck;dj i;= bvï /ila wdrCIl yuqod hgf;a mej;sk'
isú,a ck;djg ;u bvï ,nd§fï l%shdj,sh hgf;a Èia;%slal ld¾hd, j,ska ,nd.;a o;a; wkqj m<d,s wdrCIl l,dmfhka
wlalr 6616 la we;=¿j hdmkfha Ôj;ajk mjq,a 9083 la fj; wlalr 12869 l m%udKhla kej; ,nd § we;s w;r W;=re m<df;a
hdmkh Èia;%slalfha mjq,a 10716 l yd wfkl=;a Èia;%slal y;f¾ mjq,a 2501 l m%udKhlg ;u bvï Ndr§ug b;sßj ;sî we;'
miq.sh rch udrejk úg kef.kysr m<df;a mjq,a 1215 la iy W;=re m<df;a mjq,a 13217 fofkl=g ;u bvï kej; ,nd§ug
b;srsj ;snq w;r" Tjqkag ,nd§ug W;aidy lrk ,o jkaÈ fyda úl,m bvï Tjqka úiska m%;sfCIam lr we;'
wj;eka jQ uq,q mjq,a 271000 lska iukaú; ñ,shkhl muK msßilf.a Ndr§ug b;sß ù we;s bvï m%udKh ixikaokh lrk
úg" cd;Hka;rh yd oñ< foaYmd,k mCI l=ula i|yka l<;a by; l%shdj,sfhka miq.sh rch fyd| m%.;shla ,nd we;s nj
b;d meyeÈ,sh' nyq;rhla ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lrkq ,enqfõ Tjqkaf.au bvïj, ùu úfYaI h'
mqoa.,sl bvï ksoyia lsÍu
iy ia:djr;ajh
6
rch remsh,a ñ,shk 54588 l úhoñka ksjdi 206686 la 2004 isg 2014 olajd W;=re m<df;a iy kef.kysr m<df;a
wj;eka jQ ck;dj fjkqfjka bÈlr we;' tu jljdkqj hgf;a f,dal nexl=" wdishd nexl=j,ska ,nd.;a Kh u;
l%shd;aul jQ W;=re kef.kysr m%;sixialrK yd ixj¾Ok jevigyka we;=¿ rch úiska iqkdñ iy hqo .egqï
i|yd l%shd;aul lrk ,o fjk;a jHdmD;s o we;=<;a fõ' Bg wu;rj rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk úiska o ksjdi 24529
lg jeä m%udKhla o" bkaÈhdkq iaÓr ksjdi jHdmD;sh hgf;a ksjdi 45000 la W;=re kef.kysr m<df;a wÈhr
;=klska ksulsÍug kshñ; ù ;snqKs' j¾I 2009 ka miq hdmkh Èia;%slalfha kej; mÈxÑ lrk ,o 31188 la jQ mjq,a
i|yd iaÓr ksjdi 22826 la bÈlr we;s w;r" ;j;a ksjdi 2334 la 2015 ckjdß ui 8 jeks osk jkúg bÈ fjñka
mej;sk'
Èia;%sla f,alïjrekaf.ka ,nd.;a f;dr;=re wkqj hdmkh Èia;%slalfha wj;eka jQ ck;djf.ka 95] lg o" uq,;sjq
Èia;%slalfha 40] lg o" ukakdru Èia;%slalfha 75] lg o" ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;%slalfha 52] lg o iaÓr ksjdi ,nd§ug
miq.sh rch ld,fha lghq;= lr we;' ;j iaÓr ksjdi 70886 w¨;ska f.dvke.Sug iy ksjdi 25093 la
m%;sixialrKh lsÍug b;sßj we;' wj;eka jq ck;djg iaÓr ksjdi f.dvke.Su rcfha m%uqL l¾;jHhla jQ nj
b;d meyeÈ,s h' ixys|shdj i|yd .;a úfYaI l%shdj,shla yeáhg iaÓr ksjdi ,nd§ug rch uq, isg u W;aidy lr
we;'
kej; bÈlrkq ,enQ iy m%;sixialrKh lrkq ,enQ ksjdi
iaÓr ksjdi m%;smdokh
iy ia:djr;ajh
7
W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;a fofla ìï fndaïn bj;a lsÍu iy kej; mÈxÑ lsÍï l%shd;aul jk wjia:dfõ § u" tu lghq;=
;j ;j;a úêu;a lsÍu Wfoid rch úiska jir .Kkdjla mqrd lvdjeà ;snQ isú,a mßmd,kh kej; f.dvke.Su iy úêu;a
lsÍu i|yd b;d w;HjYH jeo.;a jevigyka .Kkdjla uOHu rch iy m<d;a iNd iïnkaO ù wdrïN lrk ,È'
úfYaIfhkau" fldá ;%ia;jd§ka hgf;a meje;s m%foaY i|yd úfYaI wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug isÿúh' rdcH wdh;kj, ;snQ
mqrmamdvq fidhd tajd msrùu" tu ks,OdÍka úfYaI jevuq¿ u.ska mqyqKq lsÍu" úkdY ù ;snQ fyda wn,ka ù ;snQ f.dvke.s,s
^Èia;%sla f,alï ld¾hd," Èid f,alï ld¾hd," m%dfoaYSh iNd ld¾hd," mdi,a" frday,a" iuQmldr" m<d;a fomd¾;fïka;= iy
wkqlKav& kej; f.dvke.Su yd m%;sixialrK lsÍu i|yd wjYH uqo,a ,nd§ug rch lghq;= lrk ,È'
rdcH mßmd,k wud;HdxYh" m<d;a iNd" Èia;%sla f,alïjre iu. iïnkaO ù cx.u fiajd yryd iEu n,m%foaYhlau wdjrKh
jk fia jir .Kkdjla f.dv.eis ;snQ ye÷kqïm;a ,nd.ekSu" Wmamekak iy;sl" urK iy;sl ,nd.ekSu" §¾> ld,hla
tl;= ù ;snQ bvï wdrjq,a iy ck;djg ;snQ úúO m%Yak i|yd ueÈy;a úh'
fuu m<d;aj, §mjHdma; fiajhg wkqhqla; rdcH mßmd,k ks,OdÍka" .KldêldÍjreka" wOHdmk ks,OdÍka"
fodia;rjreka" bxðfkarejreka" ñkskafodarejka" lDIs" i;aj md,k jeks fCIa;%j, §mjHdma; ks,OdÍkaf.a úYd, wvqjla
;sìK' iaÓr fiajfha §mjHdma; ks,OdÍka W;=re kef.kysr m;aùu Ndr .ekSug È.ska È.gu wdrCIl fya;+ka u;
u.yeÍfhah' 2007 jif¾ kef.kysr m<d;a iNdfõ m%Odk f,alï f,i m;ajQ Y%S ,xld mßmd,k fiajfha úfYaI ks,Odßhl=
cqks ui fldá ;%ia;jd§ka úiska Tyqf.a ld¾hd,fha § fjä ;nd urd oeñu ;+,ska fï ;;ajh wdrjq,la úh' fï fya;+ka u;
m<d;a iNdfõ iy uOHu rcfha Wiia ;k;=re ±Íug úY%du .sh ks,OdÍka fldka;%d;a moku u; fhdod .ekSug W;=re iy
kef.kysr m<d;a iNdj,g isÿúh'
2015 jk úg kef.ysr m<d;a iNdjg ks,OdÍka 10888 la w¨;ska n|jdf.k we;s w;r" Tjqkaf.ka 2595 fokl= .=rejre úh'
W;=re m<d;a iNdjg ks,OdÍka 7100 la w¨;ska n|jdf.k we;s w;r" Tjqkaf.ka 2500 la muK .=rejreka úh' 2015 jif¾ rch
udrejk wjia:dj jk úg W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, isú,a mßmd,kh ld¾hCIuj i;=gqodhl uÜgulg ÈhqKq ù ;snQ w;r"
jir .Kkdjla mqrd ck;djg wysñ jQ l%uj;a rdcH fiajh kej; ìysùu ;=<ska úfYaIfhkau" fldá ;%ia;jd§ka md,kh l<
m%foaYj, wd¾Ól msì§ula iy fõ.j;a ixj¾Okhla w;aú|Sug yels ù ;snqKs' ck;djg ndOdjlska f;drj lghq;= lsÍug
wjYH mßirh f.dvke.S ;snqKs'
l%shdldÍ wêlrK moaO;shla ;=<ska ;u udkj whs;sjdislï iy wdrCIdj ;yjqre ù ;sìKs' ck;dj úiska m;alrk ,o
foaYmd,k ksfhdað;hska yryd fiajdjka yd wjYH;djhka ,nd .ekSfï wjldYh wjqreÿ .Kkdjlg miq kej; ,eî ;snqKs'
ksoyia wOHdmkh" ksoyia fi!LH fiajh fukau fmdÿ m%jdykh l%uj;aj ÈhqKq ù yd f.dvke.S ;snQ w;súYd, há;,
bÈlsÍï we;=¨ ck Ôú;hg wjYH wfkl=;a myiqlï fndfyduhla ,eîug W;=re kef.kysr mSvdjg m;aù isá ck;djg
jdikdj Wod úh'
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W;=re kef.kysr ck;djg ue;sjrKj,g iyNd.S ùug ;snQ whs;sh fldá ;%ia;jd§ka úiska ;ykï lr ;snqKs' Tjqkaf.a
;yku fkd;ld ue;sjrKj, § Pkaoh m%ldY lsßug bÈßm;a jQ fndfyduhla fldá úiska wuq wuqfõ >d;kh lrk ,È' tla
wjia:djl § fiiq ck;djg mdvula yeáhg m%isoaêfha Pkaoh m%ldY lrk ,o mqoa.,hl=f.a w;la lmd ±óug ;rï Tjqka
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fï fya;+ka ksid W;=re kef.kysr Ôj;a jQ" úfYaIfhkau fou< ck;dj ue;sjrKj, § Pkaoh mdúÉÑ lsÍug ìh ù isáh y'
Tjqka úiska kej; ue;sjrKhl § hï;dla ÿrg Pkaoh m%ldY lsÍu 2010 ckdêm;sjrKfha § yd uyue;sjrKfha § ±l.;
yels jQ w;r" Tjqkaaf.a Pkaoh lemS fmfKk j¾Okhla isÿjQfha 2013 W;=re m<d;a iNd ue;sjrKfha § iy 2015
ckdêm;sjrKfha § yd uyue;sjrKfha §h' fuhg m%Odk fya;=j fldá idOlh W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj,ska bj;a lsÍug
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w;=frka Pkaoh mdúÉÑ lr ;snqfKa 13837 fofkla muKs' m%;sY;hla jYfhka th 2'3] ls' tu ue;sjrKfha § jkaks
n,m%foaYfha ,shdmÈxÑj isá 178697 la jQ Pkaoodhlhska w;=frka 45280 la Pkaoh mdúÉÑ lr ;snqKs' th m%;sY;hla jYfhka
25'3] ls' Pkaoh mdúÉÑ lrk ,o wh fndfyduhla uqia,sï fyda isxy, iy fldá ixúOdkhg tfrysj isá fou< ixúOdk"
lKavdhïj, wh nj fmkS .sfhah' lreKq tfia fyhska" j¾I 2010 jk f;la W;=re m<df;a fndfyduhla Èia;%slal
ksfhdackh lrk ksfhdað;hska md¾,sfïka;=jg f;aÍ m;ajQfha ck;djf.a ienE leue;a; wkqj fkdjQ w;r" fudjqka yqfolau
Tjqkaf.a meje;aug fldá ixúOdkfha foaYmd,k l%shdldÍka yeáhg lghq;= lrkjd ±l .ekSug yels úh'
W;=re kef.kysr Ôj;a jk fou< l:dlrk ck;djg ;snQ hhs mjik iuyr m%Yakj,g úi÷ula f,i bka§h rcfha n,mEu
u; rfÜ jHjia:djg we;=<;a lrk ,o m<d;a iNd l%uh wjdikdjlg W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, l%shd;aulj
fkdmeje;aúK' tjlg taldnoaO W;=re kef.kysr m<d;g m<uq ue;sjrKfhka m;ajQ m<d;a iNdj 1990 j¾Ifha § tal
md¾Yaúlj m<df;a iajdëk;ajh m%ldY lsÍu;a iu.u tu m<d;a iNdj uOHu rch úiska úiqrejd yßk ,È' tfia úiqrejd
yßk ,o W;=re kef.kysr m<d;a iNd i|yd ue;sjrKhla meje;aùu È.ska È.gu meje;s tlu rchlgj;a fkdyels jq w;r"
2008 jif¾ § kef.kysr m<d; fldá ;%ia;jd§kaf.ka uqojd .;a ú.iu wjqreÿ 18 lg miq kef.kysr ck;djg ;u m<df;a
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rdcmCI ue;s;=ud .;a ;SrKh w.h l< hq;=h' jir .Kkdjla W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, Ôj;a jQ ck;djf.a Pkao whs;sh
;yjqre lsÍu miq.sh rch w;alr .;a úfYaI ch.%yKhls'
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iduh Wodùu;a iu. rch iy fm!oa.,sl wxY u.ska isÿ flreKq Okd;aul ueÈy;aùï ;=<ska W;=re kef.kysr Ôj;a jk
ck;djf.a Ôjk ;;ajh lemS fmfkk fjkilg Ndckh úh' iuia;hla jYfhka 2009 j¾Ifha isg 2014 j¾Ih olajd
kef.kysr m<df;a rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl nexl= m%udKh 156 isg 239 olajd o" W;=re m<df;a 117 isg 193 olajd o jeäúh'
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úÿ,s n,h iemhSuW;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj, iuyr m%foaYj,g úÿ,s n,h fkd;snQ w;r úÿ,s n,h ;snQ fldá md,k m%foaYj,
we;s jQ .egqï fya;=fjka úkdY jQ iïfm%aIK /yeka" úÿ,s Wmfmd,j,a ksid úÿ,sn,h ,nd .ekSug l%uhla
fkd;sìKs' úÿ,s W;amdok hka;% ud¾.fhka frday,a iy w;HjYH ia:dk fj; Èklg iSñ; ld,hlg úÿ,s n,h
,nd§ug fldá úiska mßmd,kh lr we;' iïu;hla jYfhka hdmkh ukakdrï iy jjqkshd Èia;%slalj, rch
hgf;a md,kh jQ m%foaYj,g yer wfkl=;a m%foaY §¾> ld,hla w÷f¾ mej;sK'
2005 fkdjeïn¾ ui uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud rfÜ kdhl;ajhg m;ajk úg kef.kysr ck;djf.ka 52'3] lg;a
W;=re m<df;a ck;djf.ka 35'5] lg;a muKla úÿ,s n,h ,nd.ekSfï wjldY mej;=ks' W;=re iy kef.kysr
m<d;aj,g úÿ,sh ,nd§u miq.sh rcfha m%uqL ld¾hhla úh' ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%slalfha uq;+¾ isg uvl,mqfõ
jdlf¾ olajd yuqodj úiska" meje;s fldá l|jqre úkdY lr w;am;a lr iaj,am Èklska ,xld úÿ,sn, uKav,h
fhdod úÿ,s /yeka Wmfmd,j,a iúlr j¾;d.; fõ.hlska úÿ,sn,h kej; mÈxÑ jk ck;djg ,nd §ug lghq;=
lf<a hdno m%foaYj, ;on, .egqï isÿfjñka ;snQ jd;djrKhla ;=< h'
wd¾Ól ld¾hidOkh
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tfiau 2006 j¾Ifha § W;=re m<df;a jeäuk;a m%foaY ;%ia;jd§ md,kh hgf;a ;snQ wjia:dfõ§o hdmkh
Èia;%slalfha Ôj;a jQ ck;djg pqkakd.ï úÿ,s n,d.drfhka ksIamdokh lrk fu.d fjdÜ 8 m%udKj;a fkdjk
nj yeÕS.sh úg fm!oa.,sl úÿ,s iemhqïlrejka fofokl= jk wefíflda iy l+,a thd¾ iud.ï iu. .súi
.ksñka m%foaYfha ck;djg fu.d fjdÜ 28 l Odß;djhla tla lsÍug yd merKs wn,ka pqkakd.ï úÿ,s n,d.drh
fjkqjg fu.d fjdÜ 28 l úÿ,sh W;amdokh lsÍug yels kj;u zzW;=re ckkSZZ n,d.drh b;du flá l,lska
f.dvk.d 2013 ckjdß 16 jeks od ck;djg Wreu lsÍug rchg yels úh'
W;=re kef.kysr úÿ,sn,d.dr kej; ia:dms; lsÍu
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yels ù we;' fuu jevigyk i|yd rch remsh,a ñ,shk 7500 la muK jeh lr we;' tfiau" kef.kysr m<df;a
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W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, Ôj;a jQ ck;djf.ka nyq;rh ;u c, wjYH;d tu m%foaYfha msysá <sx" fmdl=Kq" .x.d" jeõ
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.Kkh lsÍug wmyiq ù we;'
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mdkSh c, fhdackd l%uh u.ska W;=re m<df;a mdkSh c, m%Yakhg úma,jldÍ fjkila miq.sh rch úiska f.k tk ,È' tu
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W;=re m%foaYfha ¥m;aj, Ôj;a jk ck;djg mjd c,h ,nd§ug bv i,id we;' óg wu;rj miq.sh rch u.ska remsh,a
ñ,shk 33089 l úhoñka wdrïN lrk ,o uOHu yd uyd mßudKfha jHdmD;s 44 la ksulsÍu olajd <Õd ù we;s w;r" 2017
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olajd rch iy m%dfoaYSh n,OdÍka úiska l=vd" uOHu yd uyd mßudKfha mdkSh c, jHdmD;s úYd, m%udKhla wdrïN lrk
,o w;r" fndfyduhla wjidkhg <.d ù ;snQ w;r b;sßh 2016 jif¾ § ksulsÍug ie,iqï lr ;snqKs' tu.ska kef.kysr
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miq.sh rch u.ska wdrïN lrk ,o zzwïmdr c, iemhqï jHdmD;shZZ iy zzkef.kysr m<df;a c, iemhqï jHdmD;shZZ yryd
ms<sfj<ska ksjdi 40000 lg iy ksjdi 24000 lg w¨;ska k, c,h imhkq we;' ksjdi 50000 lg c,h imhñka l%shd;aul jQ
uvl,mqj Èia;%slalfha WkakÉÑ c, iemhqï jHdmD;sh kef.kysr m<df;a úYd,;u mdkSh c, jHdmD;shhs' ;%sl=Kdu,h
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zzfiarekqjr c, iemhqï fhdackd l%uhZZ wjika jQ miq tu m%foaYfha ksjdi 2000 lg w¨;ska k, c,h ,efnkq we;'
uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=udf.a rcfhka W;=re iy kef.kysr ck;djg mdkSh c,h ,nd§ug .kakd ,o W;aidyh óg fmr
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cd;Hka;r iyfhda.h rchg ,enqKs' rgg iduh ,eîfuka wk;=rej rch fuu ;;ajfhka ñ§ug úYd, jev fldgila
wdrïN lrk ,È' 2007 isg 2010 olajd kef.kysr m<d; i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 33899 la o" 2009 isg 2011 olajd W;=re m<d;
fj; remsh,a ñ,shk 20446 la o fjkalr rch úiska ,nd fok ,È'
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Ôjk ;;ajh k.disgqùu
l=Uqrej, jev lrñka isá f.dùkaf.ka iuyrla fldá ;%ia;jd§ka ùiska >d;khlrk ,o w;r iuyre meyerf.khk ,§'
fndfdyda f.dùka fuu ;;ajh Wv wkdrCIs; m%foaYj, ;u f.dúìï fj; fkd.shy' §¾> ld,hla kv;a;= fkdùu
fya;=fjka jdßud¾." jeõ wuqKq leäì|S c, m%Yak u;= ù ;snqKs' ck;dj wj;eka ùu" ksIamdok fj<|fmd<g f.khdfï
fkdyelshdj" ud¾. wn,kaj mej;Su" fmdfydr iy îc fkdue;sùu" ;%ia;jd§ka yg lmamï jYfhka ksIamdokfhka
fldgila ,nd§u jeks lreKq fya;= u; fndfyda f.dùka lDIsl¾udka;fhka wE;a ù ;sìKs'
fuu ;;ajh W;=re m<df;a fndfyda m%foaYj, o kef.kysr fldá md,k m%foaYj, o ±l.ekSug yels úh' 2007 iy 2009
j¾Ij, § fldá ;%ia;jdoh mrdch lsÍfuka miq fldá wKilg hg;aj ;snQ m%foaYj, ksoyia jQ N+ñh ;=< msysá l=Uqre
wiajeoa§ug jevms<sfj<la rch úiska b;d läkñka Èidm;sjrejka" m%dfoaYSh f,alïjreka iy m<d;a lDIs wud;HxY yryd
Èh;a flßKs' tu l%shdj,sh u.ska wj;eka ù kej; ;u l=Uqre lrd meñKqk f.dùka yg uqo,a m%odk" j,a jeÿkq l=Uqre fy<s
lsÍug iy N+ñh ilia lsÍug wjYH hka;% WmlrK" j;=r fmdïm hkdÈh ,nd§ug lghq;= lrk ,È' fï W;aidyh i|yd
cd;Hka;r iy rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkj, fkduiqre iyh rchg ,enqKs' m<uq wiajeoa§u fjkqfjka wjYH îc iy fmdfydr
uqo,a whlsÍulska f;drj ,nd §u" jeõ wuqKq m%;sixialrKh" lDIsud¾. m%;sixialrKh jeks ixj¾Ok lghq;= rcfhka iy
f.dú iñ;s iyNd.S lrñka b;d id¾:lj bgq lf<ah' wiajekak fj<|fmd<g f.khdfï l%shdj,shg rch iEu wdldrfhkau
odhl jqKq w;r" rcfha wdh;k yryd fuu wiajekak ñ, § .ekSug o lghq;= l< y'
hdmkh iy ls,sfkdÉÑ m%foaYfhka ksIamdokh jQ w;sßla; wiajekak ol=Kg m%jdykh lsÍug ;snQ ud¾. iqÿiq ;;ajhl
fkd;snQ fyhska lkalika;=frhs jrdfha isg kej; ;%sl=Kdu,hg fyda fld<U olajd .uka lrk fj<| fk!ld ud¾.fhka
fkdñ,fha fyda iq¿ uqo,lg m%jdykh lsÍug myiqlï f.dúhkag ,nd fok ,È'
2012 j¾Ih jk úg ù j.djg kef.kysr m<df;a y÷kdf.k ;snQ bvï m%udKfhka wlalr 893167 la wiajeoa§ug yels jQ w;r
úYd, wiajekakla ,eìKs' wjqreÿ .Kkdjla mqrka ù ;snQ l=Uqre wlalr 80000 l m%udKhla kej; j.d lsÍu fya;=fjka
kef.kysr m<d; kej; rfÜ iy,a n÷k njg m%isoaO úh'
.egqïldÍ ;;ajh W;=re m<df;a lDIsl¾udka;hg jeä n,mEula we;slr ;sìKs' 2009 jir jkf;la ù j.djg y÷kdf.k
;snQ l=Uqre wlalr 247405l m%udKfhka j.d lsÍug yels ù ;snqfKa wlalr 64106 la jeks iq¿ m%udKhls' 2014 jk úg rch
u.ska yd rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk u.ska ,enqKq iydh ksid W;=re m<df;a w;yer oud ;snQ l=Uqre m%udKh wlalr 14751 olajd
wvqlr .ekSug yels úh' wjqreÿ .Kkla wj;ekaùï fya;= fldg mqrka jQ l=Uqre wiajeoa§u ;=<ska rch ch.%yKhka rdYshla
w;alr .kakd ,È' rg iy,aj,ska fmdaIs; ùu" f,dal wdydr w¾nqohg uqyqK§u iy ;=jlal= w;e;sj isá ck;dj kej; W±,a,
mdúÉÑ lsÍug fm<Uùu tu ch.%yKhka h'
lDIsl¾udka;h
iy ia:djr;ajh
13
2006 jif¾ § fuá%la fgdka ñ,shk 0'70 la jQ kef.kysr m<df;a iy,a ksIamdokh 2014 jk úg fuá%la fgdka ñ,shk 1'19
olajd jeä jQ w;r" rfÜ iuia; iy,a ksIamdokfhka 24] l m%;sY;hla ±Íh' ta yd iudku fuá%la fgdka 16400 la jQ nv bßÕ=
ksIamdokh" fuá%la fgdka 1480 la jQ ljqms ksIamdokh" fuá%la fgdka 2722 la jQ rglcq ksIamdokh ms<sfj<ska fuá%la fgdka
50811" fuá%la fgdka 10722 iy fuá%la fgdka 21030 olajd 2011 jir jk úg jeäùu ;=<ska m<df;a lDIs wd¾Ólh úYd,
msì§ulg ,la úh'
W;=re m<df;a 2009 jk úg ù ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 1671 la jeks iq¿ m%udKhlg jeà ;snqK w;r" 2012 jir jk úg fuu
m%udKh fuá%la fgdka 270845 olajd jeä úh' f.dvìu ksIamdok f,i y÷kajk W÷" uqx weg" r;= ÆKq iy ljqms ksIamdokh
2009 jif¾ § fuá%la fgdka 44506 isg 2012 jir jk úg fuá%la fgdka 87508 olajd j¾Okh úh' t<j¿ ksIamdokh o fuá%la
fgdka 77270 isg fuá%la fgdka 112567 olajd jeä jqKs' fmd,a" ;,a iy lcq j.djka W;=re m<d; i|yd jHdma; lsÍu i|yd
remsh,a ñ,shk 105'05 úhoï lr we;'
rfÜ ksIamdok b,lal fj; <.dùug;a" f.dùkaf.a Ôú; id¾:l lr tu m%foaYj, lDIsl¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍug;a" tjlg
isá rch úiska ±rE uq¿ úhou W;=re m<d;g remsh,a ñ,shk 5220'5 la jk w;r" kef.kysr m<d;g remsh,a ñ,shk 2014 la
fõ' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdk fï l¾;jHh i|yd úYd, odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿka nj i|yka l< hq;= h'
hdmkfha jHdma; ù we;s ñÈ j.dj
kef.kysr m<df;a úYd, jYfhka jHdma; ù we;s ù j.dj ^Y%S ,xldfõ iy,a n÷k&
iy ia:djr;ajh 14
.egqï meje;s ld,h ;=< i;ajhska wia:dk.; ùu" ydks ùu" lsß tl;= lsÍfï l%shdj,shg yd ksIamdok wf,ú cd,hg isÿ jQ
ndOd ksid W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, i;aj md,kh b;d my< uÜgulg miqnd ;sìKs' lsß ksIamdokfhka iajhx fmdaIs; ùu
idCId;a lr .ekSu i|yd iEySulg m;aúh yels lsß ksIamdokhla ;snQ kef.kysr i;aj md,kh kej; kÕdisgqùu rcfha
wjOdkhg fhduqùu ;=<ska iEu m%dfoaYSh f,alï fldÜGdYhlg u mY= ffjoH myiqlï we;slsÍug rch iy m<d;a iNdj
mshjr .kakd ,È' wia:dk.; ù isá 85000 la muK i;ajhska kej; whs;slrejka fj; ,nd§ug iS.% jev igykla Èh;a
flreK w;r" lsß .ïudk 50 la" wdo¾Y f.dúfmd,j,a 3 la" lsß ilia lsÍfï uOHia:dk 14 la" i;=ka fnda lsÍfï
f.dúfmd,j,a 1 la iy i;aj wdydr ksIamdok l¾udka;Yd,djla w¨;ska iy kej; wdrïN lsÍu ;=,ska oekg ;snqK myiqlï
;j;a Yla;sula lrk ,È' 2006 jif¾ ksIamdokh jQ lsß ,Sgr ñ,shk 30 l m%udKh" 2014 jk úg lsß ,Sgr ñ,shk 62 olajd
j¾Okh úh' kef.kysr m<df;a i;aj md,kh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug remsh,a ñ,shk 1337 la rch wdfhdackh lr we;' lsß
ksIamdokh iy ñ, § .ekSug mqoa.,sl wxY o úYd, jYfhka odhl ù we;'
hqo .egqï iu:hlg m;a ù W;=re m<df;a ck;dj h<s mÈxÑ lrk wjia:dfõ § ls,sfkdÉÑ" uq,;sõ yd ukakdru Èia;%slalj,
mY= iïm;a lsisjla b;sßj fkd;sìK' .jhka 121000 iy ó .jhka 17000 la wia:dk.; ù isá w;r Wka .%yKhg f.k kej;
whs;slrejka yg fnod§ug wjYH lghq;= wdrïN lsÍu yuqodjkaf.a o iydh we;sj isÿúh' ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍfuka
wk;=rej W;=re m<df;a i;aj md,kh kÕdisgqùu i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 162'3 l=;a" kej; uOH ld,Skj remsh,a ñ,shk 492
l=;a jeh lsÍfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka lsß ksIamdokh 15] lska jeä úh' hqO .egqï ksid úYd, jYfhka ydks ù ;snQ uq,;sõ"
ls,sfkdÉÑ iy jõkshd Èia;%slalfha my<gu jeà isá i;aj md,kh 2014 jk ùgkej; ie,lsh hq;= uÜgulg f.k taug
rchg iy m<d;a iNdjg yelsúh'
rfÜ fjr< ;Srfhka 2$3 l m%udKhlska iukaú; W;=re kef.kysr m<d;a hdno uqyqÿ l,dmfha wdrCIl fya;+ka u; uiqka
ueÍu i|yd uqyqÿ hEug jir .Kkl ;ykula mkjd ;sìKs' hqOuh ;;ajh wjika jQ miq rcfha ixj¾O l%shdj,sfha ëjr
l¾udka;hg ysñ jQfha b;d jeo.;a ia:dkhls' remsh,a ñ,shk 5285 la jeh fldg kef.kysr m<df;a ëjr l¾udka;h kÕd
isgqùug isÿl< jev igyka w;r ëjr jrdhka bÈlsÍu" kj kex.=rï fmd<j,a we;s lsÍu" whsia l¾udka;Yd,d yd YS; ldur
we;s lsÍu m%Odk ;ekla .eKsk' 2006 jif¾ fuá%la fgdka 26680 la j ;snQ kef.kysr m<df;a lrÈh u;aiH ksIamdokh
.egqï wjika jQ miq" 2014 jk úg fuá%la fgdka 75720 olajd j¾Okh ù we;' iïndOl bj;a ùu ;=<ska W;=re m<df;a ëjr
lghq;=j, o m%n, j¾Okhla isÿúh' ëjr l¾udka;h W;=re m<df;a ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi rch remsh,a ñ,shk 10900 la
wdfhdackh lr we;' 2012 jir jk úg ëjrhka 90000 la muK iDcqj yd jl%j W;=re m<df;a ëjr l¾udka;hg iïnkaO
/lshdj, ksr; jQ w;r uqyqÿ hd;%d m%udKh 11225 olajd jeä ù ;sìK' 2014 jif¾ § u;aiH ksIamdokh fuá%la fgdka 60357 la
jQ w;r th cd;sl u;aiH ksIamdokfhka 18] l m%;sY;hla úh' bkaÈhdkq ëjr fg%da,¾ hd;%d ukakdrï m%foaYhg ixl%uKh ù
Y%S ,xldjg wh;a u;aiH wiajekak meyerf.k hdu ksid we;s ù ;sfnk .eg¨j W;=re m<df;a ëjrhkag we;s m%Odku
m%Yakhhs
ëjr l¾udka;h
bkaÈhdkq ëjr fg%da,¾ hd;%d
i;aj md,kh
fldâ fí ëjr jrdh
iy ia:djr;ajh
15
kef.kysr m<df;a ñßÈh u;aiH l¾udka;h ÈhqKq lsÍug jevms<sfj<la rch iy m<d;a iNd tl;=j l%shd;aul
lrk ,È' .%dóh m%foaYj, Ôj;ajk ck;djf.a wd¾Ólhg fukau fmdaIK ;;ajh jeäÈhqKq l< yels ud¾.hla
f,i rch úiska ñßÈh u;aiH l¾udka;h y÷kd f.k ;sìK' ta i|yd wjYH há;, myiqlï" uQ,sl wjYH;d
iys;j jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu" ëjr .ïudk" ëjr iñ;s" ëjr iuQmldr kej; ie,iqï lsÍu yd ëjrhkag Kh myiqlï
,nd§u ;=<ska W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, ñßÈh ëjr l¾udka;h ie,lsh hq;= m%.;shla fmkakqï lr we;'
2006 jk úg fuá%la fgdka 6540 la jQ kef.kysr m<df;a ñßÈh u;aiH ksIamdokh 2014 jk úg fuá%la fgdka
12192 olajd jeäùula fmkakqï lf<a h' ñ,shkhlg jvd u;aiH megjqka iEu jirlu jeõ iy c,dYj, ;ekam;a
lrk ,È' mqyqKq lsÍfï jevigyka mj;ajd ëjrhskag kùk ëjr l%fudamdhka .ek ±kqj;a l< w;r" Tjqkg
wjYH WmlrK" hd;%d iy wfkl=;a foa imhkq ,eîh' 2013 jif¾ § u;aiH megjqka ñ,shk 4'67 la yd 2014 jif¾
§ biaika lSghka ñ,shk 5'04 la W;=re m<df;a f;dard.;a jeõj, ;ekam;a lsÍu ;=<ska tu m<df;a o ñßÈh u;aiH
l¾udka;hg kj mkla Wodúh'
ye;a;Ej iy wiQj oYlj, Y%S ,xldj ;=< ixpdrl l¾udka;h jHdma; fjñka ;snQ iufha ol=Kq fjr<nv m%foaY fukau
kef.kysr m<d; fj; ixpdrlhska wdl¾IKh lr .ekSug wjYH miqìu mej;sk' ixpdrlhskag wjYH há;, myiqlï"
fydag,a" wdmkYd,d" ,e.=ïy,a fjr< ;Srhg Tífí wiaila uq,a,la kEr bÈúks' ,xldfõ m<uq ;re fydag,h jk la,í
´Iksla fydag,h 1976 j¾Ifha § ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%slalfha bÈúh' tu fydag,h pdhd íÆ jYfhka ±ka yeÈkafõ' wjdikdjlg
;%ia;jdoh W;=re kef.kysr m%foaY fj,d .;a miq ixpdrl l¾udka;h iïmQ¾Kfhkau mdfya wvmK úh' fndfyduhla
fydag,a yd wdmkYd,d jeiS .sfhah' iuyrla hqoaOh ksid ;%ia;jd§kaf.a fyda yuqodjkaf.a l|jqre njg mßj¾;kh úh' ;j;a
iuyrla uq¿ukskau úkdY úh'
,enQ idufhka Wmßu m%;sM, fk,d .ekSu Wfoid rch úiska ixpdrl l¾udka;h W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj,
mk.ekaùug úYd, jev fldgila wdrïN lf<ah' m<df;a iajdNdúlj msysá iqkaor È.= ukrï fjr< ;Srh" iudkj úisÍ we;s
lDIsìï iy jkdka;r we;=¨ ìï fmfoi" ±l=ïl¿ ñßÈh .xyd iy c,dY" jk Ôùka iy ;%sl=Kdu,h jrdh we;=¨ ft;sydisl
ia:dk ksid kef.kysr ixpdrl l¾udka;h k.d isgqùug rch l%shd lf<ah' tu l¾;jHh i|yd ixpdr l,dm ;=kla
;%sl=Kdu,h" uvl,mqj iy wïmdr Èia;%slalfha y÷kdf.k .eiÜ lrk ,È' ,dxlSh iy úfoaYSh wdfhdaclhska ud¾.fhka
fydag,a iy ixpdrl l¾udka;fha m%.ukhg wksl=;a m<d;aj,g iu.dój jevigyka lsysmhla ks¾udKh flßK' ldur 100
lska iukaú; fydag,a 50 ;=<ska ;re ldur 5000 la bÈlsÍu ie,iqfï tl me;slvla úh' tu.ska m<df;a /lshd úYd,
m%udKhla iDcqj yd jl%j ìys ù m<df;a /lshd m%Yakhg fyd| úi÷ula ,nd §u wfmaCIdj úh' 2006 jif¾ ixpdrl ldur 50
lg muK isudù ;snq kef.kysr m<df;a tu uÜgfï ldur ixLHdj 2014 jk úg 1000 wNsnjd f.dia ;snqKs'
hqoaOh ksudùu;a iu. ol=fKa isg úYd, ckldhla W;=re m<d; fj; we§ wdfõ hdmkh Èia;%slalfha jir .Kkdjlg w;a
fkdú|s iqkaor fjr<" l,mq" ¥m;a" ft;sydisl yd mQckSh ia:dk ±l je|mqod .ekSug h' fn!oaOhkag w;sYh mQckSh ia:dkhla
jQ kd.§m úydria:dkh je| mqod .ekSug ol=fKa fndfyda ck;djg yelsúh' w;súYd, ixpdrlhska m%udKhlg myiqlï
iemhSug hdmkh Èia;%slalfha uq,§ myiqlï fkd;snqKs' fndfyduhla fydag,a" wdmkYd,d .egqï ksid úkdY ù fyda jeiS
f.dia ;snqKs' 2009 isg ñ,shkhlg jeä ixpdrlhska W;=rg hdu ksid hdmkh Èia;%slalfha fydag,a iy wjkay,a we;sùug
W;af;ackhla ù we;' W;=re m<df;a isÿ ù we;s w;súYd, há;, ÈhqKqj n,d .ekSug yd tu m<d;gu úfYaI jQ ixialD;sh"
wdydr nqla;s ú|Sug ,xldjg meñfKk úfoaYsl ixpdrlhska fuu m<d;g;a meñŒu iS.% f,i jeä ù we;'
2006 jif¾ § 559603 la jQ ,xldfj ixpdrl wd.ukh 2015 jk úg ñ,shk 2'5 olajd jeä lsÍu miq.sh rcfha ixpdrl
b,lalh úh' 2015 jk úg tu b,lalh lrd <.d ùug fkdyels jQ kuqÿ ixpdrlhska 17998380 la f.kajd .ekSug yelsùu;a"
ta ;=<ska úYd, úfoaY uqo,a m%udKhla Wmhd .ekSug yelsùu;a tjlg isá rch ,enQ ;j;a ch.%yKhls' Y%S ,xldfõ ixpdrl
l¾udka;fha msì§u flf¾ W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj, isÿl< ixj¾Ok uy;a odhdohla ù we;'
ixpdrl l¾udka;fha mqk¾Ôjh
iy ia:djr;ajh
16
ck;djg rcfhka ,ndfok fiajd
kej; hj;ald,Sk lsÍu iy ÈhqKq lsÍu
§¾> ld,hla meje;s .egqï ksid W;=re m<df;a;a kef.kysr fldá md,k m%foaYj,;a fi!LH fiajh úYd, lvdjeàulg
,laù ;snQ w;r fndfyda frday,aj, fnfy;a" ffjoH WmlrK" ffjoHjre" fyo ks,Odßka" mßmQrl ffjoH fiajfha mqrmamdvq
rdYshla ;sìK' hï;dla ÿrg fyda úY%dñl ks,OdÍka fldka;%d;a moku u; fiajfha fhdod .ekSfuka hï hï m%;sldr ,nd§ug
yelsjqj;a" ixlS¾K ;;ajhkag wjYH m%;sldr fkd,eîu" ta i|yd fjk;a m%foaYhlg hEug we;s wjldY wju ùu ksid
fndfyda frda.Syq ñh .shy' iuyr wjia:dj, r;= l=rei ixúOdkh fyda fuäiska iekaa *sfrdkaáh¾ jeks rdcH fkdjk
ixúOdk ueÈy;a ùfuka iuyr frday,aj, fiajhg iq¨ ld, mßÉfþo i|yd ffjoHjre" fnfy;a øjH ,nd§fuka Wmldr
l<y' rcfha md,k m%foaYj, msysá fi!LH uOHia:dkj, fiajh idudkH mßÈ isÿúh'
iduh Wodùu;a iu. úfYaIfhka ;%ia;jd§ka hgf;a md,kh jQ m%foaYj, fi!LH fiajh kej; hj;ald,Sk lsÍu Wfoid
msßia n,h" fnfy;a iy WmlrK o há;, myiqlïj, wvqmdvq úi|Sug rch iy m<d;a n,Orhka hqyqiq¿j lghq;= lrk
,oy' fï W;aidyhg ikakoaO fiajdj, iyfhda.h Wmßuj ,enqKs' W;=re m<df;a fi!LH fiajh jeä ÈhqKq lsßu i|yd 2009
isg 2011 jir olajd remsh,a ñ,shk 4135 la fjka flreKs' hdmkh YsCIK frday, i|yd kùk myiqlï tlalr kj
uqyqKqjrla ,nd§u i|yd muKla remsh,a ñ,shk 1249 la jeh jqk w;r" tu frday, ,xldfõ m%Odk frday,aj,ska tlla njg
mßj¾;kh lr we;' hdmkh Èia;%slalfha wfkl=;a fi!LH fiajd myiqlï jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd remsh,a ñ,shk 728 l
uqo,la jeh lr we;' ta yd iudk myiqlï W;=re m<df;a wfkl=;a Èia;%slal y;f¾ o bÈflrefka remsh,a ñ,shk 2193'93 l
úhoulsks' frda. ksjdrK tall 161 lg m%;sldr tall 102 lg iy wdhq¾fõo m%;sldr uOHia:dk 50 lg há;, myiqlï
jeäÈhqKq lsÍug;a" w¨;a WmlrK yd m%jdyk myiqlï ,nd .ekSug;a wjYH uQ,Huh m%;smdok ,nd fok ,È' ffjoH
fiajfha ;snQ mqrmamdvq fndfyduhla mqrjk ,È' 2014 jk úg W;=re m<df;a fi!LH fiajh wka m<d;aj,g iudkju kÕd
isgqùug yels ù we;'
2007 isg 2014 olajd ld,h ;=< kef.kysr m<df;a fi!LH fiajh iqúfYaIS m%.;shla w;alr .kakd ,È' 2007 j¾Ifha §
m<df;a úúO fi!LH wdh;k 261 la ;snQ w;r" uy frday,a 1 la" uQ,sl frday,a 5 la" m%dfoaYSh frday,a 36 lska iukaú; úh' fuu
ixLHdj 2014 jk úg fi!LH wdh;k 385 lska iukaú;" YsCIK frday,a 2 la" uy frday,a 2 la" uQ,sl frday,a 16 la iy m%dfoaYSh
frday,a 46 lska iukaú; úh' ta yd iudkj fi!LH ld¾hh uKav,h ffjoHjreka 341 fofkl=f.ka" fyÈhka 77
fofkl=f.ka iy mjq,a fi!LH fiaúldjka 355 fokl=f.ka jeä ù we;' m<df;a wdhq¾fõo m%;sldr kexùu wruqKq lrf.k
2007 j¾Ifha § wdhq¾fõo wdh;k 27" 2014 jk úg fo.=Khlska" tkï 54 olajd jeä lsÍug yels ù we;s w;r" .ïno m%foaYj,
Ôj;a jk wvq wdodhï,dNS ck;djg fuh jákd mshjrla úh'
fi!LH fiajh
w¨;ska bÈlrk ,o hdmkfha kj YsCIK frday,a ixlS¾Kh
iy ia:djr;ajh
17
fldá ixúOdkhg nf,ka fyda iafjÉPdfjka orejka n|jd .ekSu fya;=fjka W;=re kef.kysr úiQ iuyr fou< orejkaf.a
wOHdmk lghq;= miq.sh oYl fol ;=< wvd, úh' orejka fldgila foudmshka úiska fldá ;%ia;jd§kaf.a meyer
.ekSugj,g ìfhka ryfia r|jd ;ndf.k f.dú;ek fyda i;aj md,kh fyda iq¿ l¾udka;j, fhdojd we;' ;j;a orejka
fldgila,enQ m<uq wjia:dfõ § u msgrg fyda fjk;a m<d;lg hjd wOHdmk lghq;=j, ksr;ùug wjia:dj i,id we;'
tfia lsÍug uqo,a n,h fyda Yla;sh fkdue;s orejka fndfyda ÿIalr;djhka ueo wj;eka fjñka wOHdmk lghq;=j, kshe<S
we;'
2006 jif¾jkúg W;=re kef.kysr mdi,a jir .Kklg kv;a;= fkdlsÍu fya;=fjka w¾noq rdYshlg uqyqk md ;sìK'
fndfyda mdi,aj, ,S nvq" WmlrK" c,h" úÿ,sh fkd;snqKs' .=re ysÕh b;d W.% ;;ajhl mej;Sh' hqo .egqï ;snQ m%foaYj,
msysá mdi,a nyq;rhla yd iqkdñhg ,la jQ mdi,a uq¿ukskau fyda w¾O jYfhka úkdY ù ;snqKs' fndfyda mdi,a fj; ks,
we÷ï iy fkdñ,fha ,ndfok fmd;a kshñ; fõ,djg" kshñ; Èkg fkd,enqKs' w;S;fha úYd, nqoaêu;=ka msßila ìysl<
W;=re kef.kysr mdi,a moaO;sh fkdis;+ f,i msßyS ;snqKs'
hqo .egqï wjidkfha m<d;a ia:djr jQ jydu rch yd wod< m<d;a iNd tlaù mdi,a j,g isÿù we;s ydksh yd .Dy NdKav yd
mdi,a WmlrK wjYH;djh ;lafiare lrk ,o w;ru tla tla wOHdmk l,dmj, udkj iïm;a wjYH;djho .Kkh lrkq
,eîh' 2007 jir jkúg kef.kysr mdi,a 971la jQ w;r bka 215 isxy, udOH tajd úh' fï .Kkska yß wvla muKu ydksù
fyda w;yeroud ;snqKs' ta ld, isudfõ W;=re kef.kysr l%shd;aul fjñka ;snQ ixj¾Ok jevigyka hgf;a fuu mdi,a
ish,a,u wÆ;ajeähd flreKq w;r wjYH .Dy NdKav yd WmlrK o imhd fokq ,eìKs'Y%S ,xld wOHdmk yd md,k fiajdfõ
mqyqKqj ,nd tu úoHd,fha Wmdê ,enQ ks,OdÍka m<d;a wOHdmkfha mqrmamdvq msrùu ioyd m;a l, w;r wdikak jYfhka
.=rejre 2000 la muK n|jd .kakd ,§' 2013 jkúg kef.kysr m<df;a ;snq mdi,a ixLHdj 1074 olajd j¾Okh úh'
W;=re m<d;a wOHdmkh f.dvke.Su i|yd rch úiska remsh,a ñ,shk 1341la jeh fldg .egqï fya;=fjka w,dNydks ù ;snQ
mdi,a f.dvke.s,s 1630 la m%;sixialrKh lr" wjYH .Dy NdKav yd mdi,a WmlrK ,nd §ug lghq;= lrk ,È' 2012 jir
jkúg W;=re m<df;a mdi,a 919 la iïmq¾Kfhka l%shd;aul jk ;;ajhg m;alr ;snqKs' rch fjkia jk ld,h jk úg
W;=re m<df;a mdi,a 1020 la l%shd;aul fjñka mej;s w;ru mdi,a <uqka 260"858 la yd .=rejreka 14"081 la o tu mdi,aj,
wOHdmkh ,eîu;a" .=re jD;a;sfha fh§u;a isÿ úh'
isiqka jeä m%udKhlg .Ks; yd úoHd úIhka yeoEÍug wjldY i,iñka oaú;sl mdi,a 1000 lg uyskafodaoh ;dlaIKsl
úoHd.dr ,nd§fï cd;sl jevms<sfj, hgf;a kef.kysr m<d;g úoHd.dr 104 lao W;=re m<d;g úoHd.dr 90la ,ndfok ,§'
W;=re kef.kysr b;d wjq,a iy.;j ;snQ wOHdmkh miq.sh rch hgf;a kej; m%;sIaGdmkh lr isiq orejkag iudk
wjia:d hgf;a wOHdmkh ,eîug wjldY i,id fok ,§' 2013 w'fmd'i' ^W$fm& úNd.fha§ W;=re yd kef.kysr m<df;a
isiqjka ms,sfj,ska m<uq jeks yd yd f;jeks ia:dk ,nd.kakd ,§'
wOHdmkh
w¨;ska bÈlrk ,o uyskafodaoh ;dCIK úoHd.drhla
iy ia:djr;ajh
18
W;=re m%foaYfha Ôj;a jk nyq;r ck;dj fjk;a m%foaY iu. iïnkaO ùu i|yd ÿïßh fiajh m%sh lf<ah' iS.%.dó hd,afoaù
iy W;a;r foaù ÿïßh fï i|yd m%isoaêhla ±Íh' Bg wu;rj NdKav" bkaOk m%jdykhg NdKav /.;a ÿïßh .Kkdjla
hdmkh fj; Èkm;d .uka l<y' ;jo" wkQj oYlh olajd fld<U isg ;f,hs ukakdru olajd ÿïßfhka .uka lr t;eka
isg bkaÈhdfõ OkqIafldáh olajd u.S m%jdyk hd;%djl ud¾.fhka iy bka Tíng kej; bkaÈhdkq ÿïßh fiajh ;=<ska
ixpdrlhskag bkaÈhdj iy iuyr ol=Kq wdishdkq rgj,a w;r .uka lsßug wjldY ;sìK'
ÿïßh fiajh
hdmkh ÿïßh ia:dkh kej; bÈlsÍug fmr
1990 jk úg yuqodj iy ;%ia;jd§ka w;r .egqï W;aikak ùu;a iu. cqks ui isg W;=rg .uka lrk ÿïßh fiajh
jjqkshd ÿïßh ia:dkh olajd muKla .uka l< w;r" bka tydg hk u.Ska úúO l%u Wmfhda.S lr .;ay'
;%ia;jdoh mrdch lsÍfuka miq hqo yuqodj W;=re ÿïßh ud¾.fha w¨;ajeähd wdrïN lrk ,ÿj" tu l¾;jH
id¾:lj ´ukaf;hs ÿïßh ia:dkh olajd ksu lf<ah' ´ukaf;hs isg lkalika;=f¾ olajd;a ueojÉÑfha isg
;f,hs ukakdru olajd;a b;du wn,kaj meje;s ÿïßh ud¾.h kej; bÈlsßug wjYH uQ,Huh wjYH;djh
bkaÈhdkq rch u.ska m%odkh lrk ,o myiq Kh l%uhlska Èh;a flßK' ta w;ru" ud¾.fha úkdY ù ;snQ ÿïßh
ia:dk iy wfkl=;a myiqlï rch iy iafjÉPdfjka bÈßm;a jQ Y%S ,xldfõ m%Odk fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,
wkq.%yfhka isÿùh'
w¨;ska bÈlrkq ,enQ hdmkh ÿïßh ia:dkh
iy ia:djr;ajh
19
kej; bÈlrk ,o kj ÿïßh ud¾.fha iïmQ¾K È. wdikak jYfhka lsf,daógr 252 la jQ w;r ta i|yd Kh jYfhka ,nd.;a
remsh,a ñ,shk 71764 la jeh úh' 2014 Tlaf;dan¾ 13 jeks Èk w;s.re uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud úiska hd,afoaù ÿïßfhka .uka
lrñka fld<U hdmkh ÿïßh ud¾.h újD; lrk ,o w;r" lkalika;=rh olajd bÈß mshjr miq.sh ckdêm;sjrKhg Èk 6
lg m%:u ck;djg mejreKs' ueojÉÑh isg ;f,hs ukakdru olajd fldgi rch udrejk wjia:dfõ § iïmQ¾Kfhka ksu ù
fkd;snQ w;r 2015 ud¾;= 21 jeks Èk kj rch úiska bkaÈhdkq w.ue;s .re kf¾kaø fudaÈ ue;s;=udf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka újD;
lrk ,È'
W;=f¾ ck;djg kej; mqolrkq ,enQ ÿïßh fiajfha WÉp;u wjia:dj
kef.kysr m<df;a uvl,mqj iy ;%sl=Kdu, ÿïßh ud¾.j, ÿ¾j, ia:dk ms<silr lsÍu;a" tu k.r iïnkaO jk ÿïßh
fiajh kej; hdj;ald,Sk lsßug wjHYH lghq;= o isÿ flreKs'
iy ia:djr;ajh
20
rEmjdysksh iy úoHq;a ikaksfõokh - wka;¾cd,h
rfgys wfkl=;a m%foaYj, ;snQ rEmjdyskS" úÿ,s ixfoaY fiajd iy wka;¾cd, myiqlï hqo .egqï iufha W;=re iy iuyr
kef.kysr m%foaYj,g fkd;snqKs' fndfyda wjia:dj, rcfha jevigyka keröu fyda ijka§u fou< fldá úiska ;ykï
lr ;snqKs' ;yku lvlrkakka yg urKfhka mjd o`vqjï ú|Sug isÿúh' rch úiska W;=rg rEmjdysksh" .=jka úÿ,sh iy
úÿ,s ixfoaY iïfm%aIKhg fhdodf.k ;snQ jjqkshd Èia;%slalfha ia:dmkh ù ;snQ fldldú,a iïfm%aIK l=¿K iy tys
wdrCIdjg fhdojd ;snQ yuqod l|jqre 1990 j¾Ifha § fldá úiska úkdY lrk ,È'
W;=rg iy kef.kysrg iduh Wodùu;a iu. rch úiska ÿrl:k" rEmjdyskS" úÿ,s ixfoaY iy wka;¾cd,
myiqlï imhk rcfha iy fm!oa.,sl wdh;kj,g fuu m%foaYhkays läkñka ;u fiajd jHdma; lsÍug Wmfoia
yd Èßu;a lsÍu isÿlr we;' remsh,a ñ,shk 330 l úhoñka fldldú,a ys kej; bÈlrk ,o ,xldfõ Wiu
iïfm%aIK l=¿K u.ska kej; W;=re m<df;a ck;djg ish¨ rEmjdyskS" ÿrl:k" úÿ,s ixfoaY iy wka;¾cd,
fiajd ,nd§u ixys|shdj i|yd .;a ;j;a fhdaO mshjrla nj m%;HCIh' fuu l=¿K u.ska foaYSh iy ol=Kq
wdishdfõ úÿ,s ixfoaY cd,j, iy jdksc lghq;=j, l,dmSh uOHia:dkhla yeáhg iïfm%aIKh lsÍug fhdod
.ekSu wdrïN ù we;'
w¨f;ka bÈlrk ,o udkal=,ï ys msysgd we;s fldldú,a ikaksfõok l=¿K
iy ia:djr;ajh
21
m%Odk há;, myiqlï bÈlsÍu
yd mqkre;a:dmkhuyskao Ñka;k rcfha m%;sm;a;s m%ldYfha ioyka wkaougu uyskao rdcmlaI ue;s;=ukaf.a rch W;=re kef.kysr ixj¾Ok
lghq;= fõ.j;a lsÍug lghq;= lf<ah' tu jevms<sfj,j,a W;=re jika;h yd kef.kysr kfjdaoh kñka yeÈkajQ w;r m<d;a
foflys ÿmam;alu wvq lsÍu iy l,dmSh úIu;djhka wvq lsÍu fuu jev ms<sfj<j,a u.ska ie,iqï lr ;sìKs' Ôjk ;;ajh"
wOHdmkh" fi!LHh" ikSmdrlaIKh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu" úÿ,sh" mdksh c,h" ck;d iqNidOkh fukau jdKsc lghq;=j,
úYd, mqkreohla we;slrñka lDIsl¾udka;h" êjr yd i;ajmd,k l¾udka; k`.disgqùu flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu fuu
jevigykaj, uQ,sl mrud¾:h úh' ixj¾Okh ;sridr lsÍu Wfoid m%Odk ud¾. moaO;sh" md,ï" jeõ iy jdßud¾." jrdh"
êjr kex.=rï ia:dk" úÿ,s n,d.dr" ÿïßh ud¾. bÈlsÍu" m%;sixialrKh lsÍu m%Odk ie,iqï w;r úh' oYl .Kkdjla lsj
fkdyels ;rï mSvkhlg ,lajQ ck;djg msgqjy,la ùu;a" w;súYd, uqo,a" foam, yd Ôú; m%udKhla lemlrñka ,nd.;a"
iduh jvd;a w¾:j;a" M,odhl lsÍfï tlu ud¾.h;a fuu ixj¾Ok l%shdj,sh ;=< leáj ;sìK'
ud¾. yd md,ï
.egqï wjidk jk úg W;=re kef.kysr m<df;a msysá fndfyda ud¾. iïmQ¾Kfhka úkdY ù fyda b;d wn,ka ;;ajfha
mej;sKs' ksis kv;a;=jg Ndckh fkdùu fyda fldá úiska yuqod mdúÉÑfhka neyer lsÍu i|yd iuyr ud¾. mqmqrejd yer
;snqKs' ud¾. Tiafia msysá md,ïj, ;;ajh o tfiau h' óg wu;rj m%Odk .uka ud¾. yryd msysgd ;snQ .x.d" we,j,a iy c,
mdrj,a Wäka md,ï bÈfkdùu fya;=fjka ud¾. Ndú; lrk ck;djf.a ffoksl lghq;= i|yd md,ï mdre Wmfhda.S lrf.k
niar: jdyk udre lsÍug isÿùu ;=<ska jákd ld,h kdia;s úh'
m<d;a fofla msysá m%Odk ud¾. we;=¨ fndfyda ck;dj .uka lrk m<d;a iy m%dfoaYSh ud¾. ms<silr lsÍug rch ;SrKh
lf<ah' iuyr ud¾. fldá ;%ia;jd§ka yer fjkfll= jir .Kkdjg Ndú;hg f.k fkd;snqKs' iuyr mdrj,a
m%;sixialrKhg fmr ìï fndaïn bj;a lsÍug isÿúh' ud¾. cd;sl ixys|shdjg w;HjYH idOlhla neúka miq.sh rch úYd,
uqo,la iy Y%uhla jeh lr b;d flá l,lska W;=re kef.kysr ud¾. moaO;sh kej; f.dvk.k ,È' miq lf,l fld<U
isg W;=rg hk m%Odk ud¾.h yd ;%sl=Kdu,h iy uvl,mqj fj; hk m%Odk ud¾. Tiafia oyia .Kka ck;dj ld,hlg
fkd.sh m%foaYj, ixpdrh lsÍu ;=<ska ish¨ ck fldgia w;r úYajdih yd iïnkaOlï kej; f.dvke.Sug fuu ud¾.
moaO;sh fnfyúka Wmfhda.s úh'
2011 jk úg remsh,a ñ,shk 87753 la W;=re m<df;a ud¾. iy md,ï bÈlsÍug iy m%;sixialrKh lsÍug rch wdfhdackh
lr ;sìKs' W;=r rfÜ fiiq m%foaY iu. iïnkaO lrk A9 ud¾.h we;=<;aj lsf,daógr 1099 la jQ cd;sl ud¾. iy lsf,daógr
1499 la jk m<d;a iyd m%dfoaYSh ud¾. m%udKhla fuu ie,iqug wh;a úh' ukakdrï m%Odk md,u yd th fj; hk l,mqj
yryd ud¾.h o" wrú wdre md,fï Wmfldgi o" mqkÍka iy hdmkh iïnkaO lrñka ógr 288 lska iukaú; kj md,u o" th
fj; l,mqj yryd ud¾.h o W;=re m<df;a isÿlrk ,o m%Odk jev fldgig we;=<;a úh'
kef.kysr m<df;a lsf,daógr 10207 la jQ ud¾. moaO;shla we;s w;r" fuys lsf,daógr 857 l cd;sl ud¾. o" lsf,daógr 1100
l m<d;a ud¾. o" lsf,daógr 8250 la jQ m%dfoaYSh ud¾. o we;=<;a fõ' 2014 jk úg cd;sl ud¾. moaO;sfhka 94] la o" 85] la
m<d;a ud¾. o m%foaYSh ud¾. úYd, m%udKhla o m%;sixialrKh lsÍu" m<d;a iNd iy m<d;a md,k wh;k hgf;a isÿúh'
ud¾.j, m%jdykhg ndOdjla jQ wn,ka md,ï 16 la iy ck;dj uqyqK ÿka úYd, wmyiqlï u.yerùu fjkqfjka md,ï mdre
;snQ c,dY Wäka md,ï 07 la o" uq¿ukskau md,ï 23 la ;%sl=Kdu,h uvl,mqj iy wïmdr Èia;%slal wdjrKh jk fia
w;súYd, uqo,la jehlr bÈlrk ,È'
iy ia:djr;ajh
22
2009 jif¾ § ;ïm,d.ï fndlal yryd ;%sl=Kdu,h iy uq;+¾ hd lrñka bÈjQ ógr 396 la È. jQ lskakshd md,u ,xldfõ È.u
md,u fõ' óg wu;rj ld,hla ;siafia ie,iqï wÈrfha ;snQ lsf,daógr 40 È. jQ uyTh yd wr,.kaú, hd lrk mdr;a
lsf,daógr 51 È. jQ fiarekqjr yd fidaudj;sh hdlrk md,ï folla iys; mdr;a lsf,daógr 56 la È. jQ md,ï mylska
iukaú; ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%slalfha ks,dje,s yd b,kalkaf;hs hd lrk msgia;r jgrjqï mdr;a" kef.ysr m<df;a kj ud¾.
f,i bÈlrk ,È'
m%:ufhka meje;s lskakshdfõ md,ï mdrej
w¨;ska bÈlrk ,o lskakshd md,u^fuh ,xldfõ È.u md,u jk w;r ógr 366 È.h'&
iy ia:djr;ajh
23
.egqï iufha jdß c,h ksis f,i f.dùkag fkd,eîu W;=re iy kef.kysr m<d;aj, lDIsl¾udka;h miqneiSug fya;= jQ
m%Odk idOlj,ska tlls' fndfyduhla jeõ yd ta wdY%s; jdßud¾. ld,hlska kv;a;= fkdlsÍu fya;=fjka w¾O jYfhka fyda
uq¿ukskau leã f.dia ;sìKs' jeõj, c,h r|jd .ekSfï yelshdj wju ùu ksid c, Odrl m%foaYh wvq ù ;snqKs' c,h
fnodyßk c, Odrdjka we,j,a" tfiau kv;a;= fkdùu fya;=fjka c,h ldkaÿ ù wmf;a .sfhah' ck;dj kej; mÈxÑ lsÍug
iu.dój rch úiska lDIsl¾udka;h kÕdisgqùug .;a mshjr w;r W;=re kef.kysr jeõ iy jdßud¾. ixj¾Okhg
wjOdkh fhduq úh'
jeõ 1450 lska iukaú; W;=re m<df;a úYd, uOHu iy iq¿ jdßud¾. moaO;s 2006 la we;' uqyqfoa jvÈh iy ndÈh w;r;=r
hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha iuyr c, uQ,dY% fj;g uqyqÿ c,h ldkaÿ ùu je<elaùu i|yd úfYaI jHdmD;s 38 la l,mq fudah lgj,a
wNshi f.dvk.d we;s w;r" tu jHdmD;s úáka úg kv;a;= l< hq;=h' 2009 isg 2011 ld,h ;=< ukakdrï Èia;%slalfha msysá
fhdaO jej" uq,;sõ Èia;%slalfha msysá uq;shx.k jej iy ls,sfkdÉÑ Èia;%slalfha msysá brKuvq jej iy tu jeõ yd iïnkaO
jk jd¾ud¾. moaO;sho ms<silr lrk ,È' Bg wu;rj úYd, iy uOHu m%udKfha jeõ 60 la iy jdßud¾. moaO;s 239 la" uqyqÿ
c,h ldkaÿ ùu je<elaùug f.dvk.d we;s moaO;s remsh,a ñ,shk 6209 la jeh lrñka m%;sixialrKh lr we;'
kef.kysr m<d; wdjrKh lrñka m%Odk jeõ 33 la o" uOHu jeõ 51 la o" l=vd jeõ 816 la iy tu jeõ wdY%s; jd¾ud¾.
moaO;shla yryd f.dú;ekg c,h fnodyeÍfï l%shdj,shla Èia;%slal ;=k ;=< úyso ;sfí' 2007 isg 2014 olajd ld,h ;=< rch
yd m<d;a iNdj tl;=j l=vd jeõ 140 la o" uOHu jeõ 17 la o ms<silr lrk ,o w;r" ;%sl=Kdu,h Èia;%slalfha lka;f,a jej"
fudrjej iy we,af,hs jdß l,dmh o uvl,mqj Èia;%slalfha Wkaksõjdhs" re.ï iy jd.kß jeõ moaO;shla o" wïmdr
Èia;%slalfha wUka Th" tla.,a Th" rUleka Th iy fldkavqlâvqjdka jej" tu ld,fha isÿl< m%Odk jdß iy jeõ ixj¾Ok
fõ'
jeõ iy jdßud¾.
W;=re kef.kysr m<d;a fol ;=<f,dj úYd,;u jrdhka w;ßka tlla jk ;%sl=Kdu, jrdh yd ;j;a jeo.;a jrdhka folla
jk lkalika;=rh iy TÆú,a jrdh msysgd ;sfí' rch hqoaOh wjika jQ jydu hdmkh w¾Ooaùmfha msysá lkalika;=r jrdfha
ixj¾Ok lghq;= bka§h rcfhka ,ndÿka myiq Khlska wdrïN lf<ah' fuu jrdh ksudùfuka miqj ol=Kq bka§h jrdhka
yd l,dmfha wfkl=;a jrdhka iu. fj<o lghq;= wdrïN jkq we;' kef.kysr m<df;a wïmdr Èia;%slalfha msysá TÆú,a
jrdh fj<o yd êjr jrdhla jk w;r fuys bÈlsÍï miq.sh rch 2008 jif¾§ wdrïN fldg 2013 jkúg m<uq wÈhr
ksulrk ,§' fuu jrdh iïmQ¾Kfhka ksulsÍfuka miqj wïmdr Èia;%slalfha w;sßla; lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok wmkhkhg
yd ud¾. ;onoh wvq lsÍu i|yd fld<U isg kef.kysrg NdKav m%jdykhg;a fhdod .ekSug wfmalaIs;h'
jrdh
wïmdr Èia;%slalfha msysá TÆú,a jrdh
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W;=re yd kef.kysr m<d;aj, isú,a .=jkafiajd fomd¾;fïka;=j hgf;a l%shd;aul jk .=jka f;dgqfmd<j,a 4 la
jk w;r tajd m<d,s" phskd fí" uvl,mqj yd wïmdf¾ msysgd ;sfí' 60 oYlfha yd 70 oYlfha § thd¾ isf,daka
iud.u úiska fuu .=jkaf;dgqfmd<j,a Èkm;d foaYSh .=jka .uka ioyd Ndú; lrk ,§' .egqï wdrïN ùu;a
iu.u yd thd¾ isf,daka thd¾ ,xld f,i fjkia ù cd;Hka;r .=jka .uka wdrïN lsÍu fya;= fldg f.k fuu
.=jka f;dgqfmd<j,a Y%S ,xld .=jka yuqodj fj; Ndr fldg yuqoduh lghq;= i|yd Ndú; flßKs'
m<d,s .=jka f;dgqm< .=jka yuqodj úiska yuqoduh lghq;= ioyd;a úáka úg isú,a .=jka .uka ioyd;a jeä
jYfhka Ndú;d l< .=jka f;dgqfmd, úh' fuu .=jka f;dgqm< fldá ;%ia;jd§kaf.a m%ydr lsysmhlg f.dÿre jq
nj úfYaIfhka i|yka l< hq;= h' m<d,sj,g tk iy msg;aj hk .=jka yuqodfõ iy isú,a .=jka hdkd ie,lsh
hq;= m%udKhla ;%ia;jd§ka úiska fjä ;nd ìu fy,d we;' fuu .=jka f;dgqmf<ka jQ fiajh i,ld n,d rch
úiska 2005 jif¾§ remsh,a ñ,shk 329 la úhoñka .=jka m:h ógr 950 la olajd Èla lsÍug jevlghq;= wdrïN lr
2011 jir jk úg tys jev lghq;= ksu lrk ,§' ógr 850 la È. wfkla .=jka m:h bÈlsÍfï lghq;= isÿfjñka
mj;sk w;r th ksujQ miqj fuu .=jka f;dgqm, l,dmsh .=jka .uka uOHia:dkhla f,i Ndú;d lsrsugyels jkq
we;'
.egqï wjidk ùu;a kef.kysr m<df;a ixpdrl l¾udka;h ÈhqKq ùu;a iu.u ixpdrlhskag kef.kysr
m<d;g wju ld,hlska .uka lsÍu ioyd wjYH;djh ;Èka we;súh' fï i|yd wNHka;r .=jka .uka j¾Okh
lsÍu i|yd jQ myiqlï phskd fí" uvl,mqj yd wïmdr .=jka f;dgqm,j, ÈhqKq lrk ,o w;r jdKsc .=jka .uka
i|yd fjku m¾hka;" fodrgq yd wfkl=;a wjYH;djhka ,nd § fuu .=jka f;dgqm<j,a isú,a ck;djg
myiqfjka mßyrKh l< yels .=jka f;dgqm,j,a njg mßj¾;kh lsÍug wjYH mshjr .kq ,eîh'
.=jkaf;dgqfmd<
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iudma;sh2005 fkdjeïn¾ 18 jeksod isg 2015 ckjdß 8 jeks od olajd jQ uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=udf.a md,k iuh wm rfÜ b;sydifha
iaj¾Kuh hq.h f,i ie,lsh hq;=h' oYl ;=kl ld,hla rfÜ wd¾Ólh yd iudÔh jgmsgdj úkdYhg m;al< fldá
;%ia;jdoh uq,ska Wmqgd oeuqfõ fuu ld,h ;=,§ h' rg .uka lrñka ;snQ oejeka; iudcuh iy wd¾Ól jHikhlska ñ§
f,dj fõ.fhkau ixj¾Okh jk rgj,a w;r tlaùug ;rï wd¾Ól j¾Okhla <Õd lr .;af;a o fï ld,fha h' uy nexl=
jd¾;d fukau wm ieug ±lsh yels fuu jljdkqfõ we;s jQ fN!;sl ixj¾Okh o fuhg idCIs orhs'
uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud rg Ndr .kakd ld,h jk úg W;=re iy kef.kysr fldá ;%ia;jd§kaf.a md,kh hgf;a Ôj;a jQ
ck;dj b;du;a ÿlaÅ; wirK wdldrhl Èú meje;aula .; lf<ah' wkd.;h .ek lsisÿ n,dfmdfrd;a;=jla fkdue;sj" ;u
foam, muKla fkdj orejka mjd ;ukaf.ka fldhs fudfydf;a meyer .kSú hhs ielfhka Ôj;aùug Tjqkg isÿúh' .egqï
ksid Tjqkaf.a Ôú; iEu úgu wk;=f¾ ;snqKs' Tjqkaf.a woyia m%ldY lsÍug we;s whs;sh" ßis ;eklg hdug we;s whs;sh
oreKq f,i iSud ù ;snqKs' fuu m%foaYj, Ôj;a jQ fndyduhla ¥ orejka hqoaOh iy úkdYh yereKq úg fjk;a lsisjla ±k
isáfha ke;' tu ck;dj iy orejka ;u Ôú;fha jeä fldgila fuu ;%ia;jd§ md,k m%foaYj,g fldgq ù isáfha ish
leue;af;ka fkdfõ'
fndfyda orejkag mej;=K jd;djrKhg wkqj wOHdmkh wysñ jQ w;r úfYaI m%;sldr wjYH frda. je<|S isá fndfyda
fofkla m%;sldr fkdue;slñka ñh .shy' ;%ia;jd§kaf.a md,kh hgf;a Ôj;a jQ fou< ck;dj ksrka;rfhka wj;ekaùug
,la jQ w;r jeä l,la ;djld,sl jdiia:dkj, Ôj;a ùug yd ks;r;=reju .egqïj,ska wdrCId ùu i|yd wdrCIs; ia:dk lrd
hdug isÿúh' wj;eka jQ uqia,sï yd isxy, ck;dj ;u ck;dj jeä jYfhka Ôj;a jQ m%foaY lrd ixl%uKh úh'
lsisu újdohlska f;drj fldá ;%ia;jd§ka úkdY ùfuka jeämqr iykhg m;ajQfha fldá .%yKfhka ñÿk idudkH fou<
ck;djhs' Tjqka ;=< §¾> ld,hla me,mÈhïj mej;=K ìh ksid ;u i;=g m%o¾Ykh lsÍug ál ld,hla .; úh' ksoyi
,enqKq miq kej; mÈxÑ lrk f;la rch úiska mj;ajd f.k .sh iqnidOk l|jqrej, /|S isá fuu ck;dj l%u l%ufhka ;u
Ôú; kj n,dfmdrd;a;= iys;j kej; f.dvk.d .ekSu wdrïN l<y' tu ld,h ;=< rch úiska ish¨ wud;HxY yd m<d;a
iNdj, iydh we;sj" ñ;=re rgj,a iy cd;Hka;r ixúOdkj, fkduiqre iyfhda.h iu. Tjqkg Wmßuj iyh ,nd§ug
lghq;= l< y'
kej; mÈxÑ lsÍu" ìï fndaïn bj;a lsÍu" isú,a mßmd,kh úêu;a lsÍu" Ôjk ;;ajh kej; we;s lsÍu i|yd rch lghq;=
l< wdldrh fuu lD;sfha §¾> f,i úia;r lr we;'
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fldá ;%ia;jd§kaf.ka ksoyia jQ ck;dj rfÜ ´kEu m%foaYhlg ìhlska ysßyerhlska f;drj ksoyfia .uka lsÍug"
wfkl=;a ckj¾. w;r ksoyfia jdih lsÍug yd /lshd lsÍug ,nd ÿka ksoyi ixys|shdj i|yd miq.sh rch ;enQ fhdaO
mshjrhs' ksjdi iemhSu" leã wn,kaj meje;s wd.ñl ia:dk m%;sixialrKh lsÍu" §¾> ld,hlg miq ;ukaf.a ksfhdað;hka
m%dfoaYSh iNd" m<d;a iNd iy md¾,sfïka;=j fj; m;alsÍug we;s wjia:dj kej; ,nd§u rch úiska ixys|shdj Wfoid .;a
wfkl=;a l%shdud¾. fõ' óg wu;rj W;=rg ÿïßh fiajdj kej; we;s lsÍu jeks jevigka rdYshla l%shd;au flreKs'
miq.sh rch úiska wdrCIl yuqod úiska w;am;a lrf.k ;snQ mqoa.,sl bvï nyq;rhla tu ck;dj fj; kej; ,nd§ug wjYH
ish¨ lghq;= wjika ù ;snQ w;r" thska iuyrla 2015 ckjdß uig l,ska Ndr § ;snqKs' j;auka rch m;ajQ ú.i tu Ndr§ug
iQodkï lr ;snQ bvï iy Ndrÿka bvïj, Tmamq ,nd§u yqfolau foaYmd,kslj miq .sh rch wmyiq;djhg m;alsÍug iy
ck;dj iy cd;Hka;r m%cdj fkduÕ yeÍfï l%shdj,shla nj meyeÈ,sh' flfia kuq;a" j;auka rch m;a jQ miq ;%sl=Kdu,h
idïmQ¾ m%foaYfha iy m<d,s wêwdrCIs; l,dmfha bvï m%uKhla miq.sh rch .;a ;SrKj,ska Tíng f.dia ksoyia lr we;'
kj ckdêm;sjrfhla yd rchla m;a ù udi 20 lg jeä ld,hla .; ù ;sfí' miq.sh rch úiska W;=re yd kef.kysr
m<d;aj, isÿl< ixj¾Ok yd ixys|shd jevms<sfj<ska ishhg tllaj;a j;auka rch úiska isÿl< njg jd¾;d ù fkdue;'
W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj, Ôj;a jQ ck;djf.a ukfia Tjqka tod Ôj;a jQ ;;ajfha isg wo isák ;;ajh olajd Tjqkaf.a Ôú;
fjkia jQ l%shdodhu msgqmi isá l%shdldÍka ljq±hs Tjqka ukd fia jgydf.k we;' fuu ,shú,af,a m%Odk wruqKjkafka
uyskao rdcmCI ue;s;=ud ckdêm;sj isá jir kjhl ld,h ;=< t;=uka W;=re kef.kysr m<d;aj,g iy rfÜ iq¿ cd;Ska
fjkqfjka ixys|shd l%shdud¾. lsisjla isÿ fkdl<d hhs fpdaokd lrk ol=fKa fjfik iuyr ck;djg yd cd;Hka;r
m%cdjg ienE ;;ajh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s Ñ;%hla we;s lsÍuhs'
ia;+;shs æ
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