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ID 24 Gonzales,Gugol, Jueves
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PREHISTORY
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PALEOLITHIC - hunting gathering lifestyle; usecrude stone tools; lived in caves and rock-sheltersnear rivers
MESOLITHIC- use of tiny tools that had handles outof materials like jasper, agate, carnelian, chalcedony,quartz and flint. The types of tools include blades(sometimes serrated), crescents, triangles, points,
scrappers, etc.
NEOLITHIC- agricultural revolution and use ofground and polished tools like celts, axes, adzes and
hammer-stones
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Rock Paintings done in red stone or haematite
Bhimbhetka rock shelters inMadhaya Pradesh- earliestpaintings from Mesolithic
period; a UNESCO Worldheritage site.
Rock Engravings appear on smooth rock surfaces
open to rain and weather Rock engravings that appear in
Mandori, Gandad and Gharialawhich show human and animalfigures.
Rock Paintings in Bhimbhetka rockshelter, Madhya Pradesh
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PRE-COLONIAL
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Indus Civilization (3000-2000BC)
Vedic Civilization (1500-800BC)
Buddhist India Hindu India
Mogul India (1527-1857)
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1. Puror Royal Fort- defendedtown
2. rampart (Prakara)
3. rammed foundation (Vapra)
4. gateway (Gopura Dvara) withbastions (Attalaka)
5. Broad Road (Mahapatha) divides the city into blocks
6. Houses- two-storey houses hadseveral rooms, a kitchen and abathroom around a courtyard
7. Great Bath (Mangala-Pushkarini)
8. Granary (Koshthagara)9. Assembly Hall (Sabha or
Samthagara)
10. College Royal Palace(Prasada)
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Left: Grey Sandstone DancerRight: Red Sandstone Male Torso
Dancing Girl ofMohenjo-daro.
Bronze
TerracotaFertilityGoddess
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(1500-800BC)
Vedic Civilization
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Aryans- Caucasians that came from the CaucusMountains in the North-West Originally nomadic became partly pastoral and partly
agricultural brought a new language, Sanskrit introduced many of the basic concepts about humanity, life,
the world, and the universe
Vedas- Hindu scriptures which also contained hymnsand prayers addressed to various gods along withdetailed descriptions of for ritual offerings
Vedic period- time period when native Indian beliefswere dominated by those introduced by the Aryans
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1. Huts (grama) - had circular
walls of bamboos coveredwith domical roof of leavesor thatched grass.
2. Bamboo fence/palisade -composed of two uprightposts (thabha) and three
horizontal bars (sanchi)threaded through the holes.
3. Gamadvara, a specialentrance/ primitiveportcullis
Hindu- gopuram (cow-gate)
Buddhist- torana, torii (Jap)and piu-lu (China).
4. Palaces- built during theTimber Era.
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Aryans were AN-ICONIC
Vedic Influence on Indian Art Symbols:
Divinities
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Buddhist India
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Buddhism
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Architectural Forms(Free Standing)
1.Stupa is a burialmound madefrom bricks.
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Rock-Cut Architecture
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1. Memorial/ Ashoka Pillars
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UttarPradesh, Sarnath. 5th C
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Hindu India
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A hit t l F
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Architectural Form
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Mogul India
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What are the differentparts of a Stupa?What are the subdivisionsof the Pre-colonialPeriod?
What are the differentparts of a Hindu Temple?
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Colonial India
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Colonial India
Portuguese
MAIN lt f th B J V lh G
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Colonial India
Reference:
http://image53.webshots.com/153/3/61/7/515936107dbrSAi_ph.jpg
MAIN altar of the Bom Jesus, Velha Goa,with gold-embossed figure of St. IgnatiusLoyola. Baroque Rococo at its dazzling best,wrought by Indian craftsmen.
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Colonial India
In sculpture
fluttering draperies, realistic surfaces and dazzling
metals
Carvings
sculpting church oriented motifs and themes
gold painted wood carving, the challenges ofcrafting ceilings, outsized altars, retable and pulpits
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Colonial IndiaSide-altars, Mapusa (left) andDaman (right)
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Colonial India
Traditional India treated itsbuildings as massive sculpture.
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Colonial India
Carved section of temple complex (above). A rich,living tradition of the Indian craftsmans plastichandling of stone and wood. Inverted-lotus ceilingof Daman church (left).
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Colonial IndiaBaroque-rococo retable, Church of
St. Cajetan, Velha Goa. (LEFT)Side altar, Bom Jesus Church, Velha
Goa. (RIGHT)
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Colonial IndiaMain altar of Church of St. Francis of Assisi (left). Metal-carving of thebrackets in the Jain Temple at Mt. Abu(right).
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Colonial India
Churches
In the evolution of spectacular church interior, the tile
was the dominant decorative element in the first phase,
with gold-painted carved wood confined to the altars
Remarkable Feature: Gilt-richness not only of the focal
area of the sanctuary retable but also of the side-altars,chapels and pulpits.
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Colonial IndiaChurch Interior, village of Sta. Cruz
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Colonial India
Interior of the Holy Spirit Church,
Margao.
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Colonial IndiaHelder Carita Interiores emPortugal
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Colonial IndiaSpandrels and arches, Churchof St. Francis of Assisi
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Colonial India
Main altar, SeminaryChurch, Rachol
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Colonial India
Side altar
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Colonial India
Portuguese Azujelos (tile tradition) Art
is concerned in themes and motifs.
Tiles became such an important element of architecturethat tile-makers began to make them to order for covering
vast architectural surfaces in the facades, interiors andgarden settings.
blue-and-white tile
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Colonial IndiaPolychrome altar-frontal
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Colonial India
Hindu mythological themeof tile covering
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Colonial IndiaPolychrome tile panel
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Colonial India
Pot-and-plant, withstylized birds on either
side
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Colonial India
Carpentry, Artifacts and Textiles
Portuguese cabinet-making with wood-carving and interior
dcor art went with it, was for long eras.
No use for beds, heavy tables and settees
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Colonial India
Mediterranean-Islamicideal of interior decor
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Colonial India
Baroque-backed sofa
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Colonial IndiaPortuguese Bed
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Colonial India(Left) Vicars Chair(Right) Chair with flattened-lotus motif
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Colonial IndiaEarlier cabinet-making in Portugal
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Colonial India
Confessional in Bom Jesus
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Colonial India
Embroideredtextile
H
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Colonial India
Houses
Braganza house atChandor.
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Colonial India
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Colonial IndiaDe Silva house at Margao
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Colonial India
Palacio of a Hindu land-owner
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Colonial India
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Colonial India
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Colonial India
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Colonial India
British IndiaCenotaphs
Empty Tombs
Gurdwara
Sanctuaries
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Colonial India
Neo-Gothic
Vi t i T i B b
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Colonial India
Victoria Terminus, Bombay
Bomba High Co rt
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Colonial India
Bombay High Court
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Colonial India
Notable Architecture
(COLONIAL)
JAMMU
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Colonial India
JAMMU
Annex of the New Palace
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Colonial India
KOLKATA
Victoria Memorial Hall
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Colonial India
VADODARA
Senate House of Vadodara College
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What are the featuresmostly seen in theChurch/Houses/ Interiors
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INDIA
Post-colonial / Modern
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The Great Divide
Indian IndependenceAct 1947
India and Pakistan
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History
Architecture
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Charles-douard Jeanneret Pierre Jeanneret
Ch di h (Th F t f Ch di)
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Chandigarh (The Fort of Chandi)
Union state of Punjab and Haryana
Located strategically
Personal interest of Prime Minister Jawaharlal
Nehru To reflect new modern, progressive outlook
b i
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Le Corbusier
Congrs International d'ArchitectureModerne: Urban functions
Anthropometric plan form
Hierarchy of road and pedestrian network
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Le Corbusier
High Court
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Le Corbusier
Assembly Hall
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Pierre Jeanneret
Gandhi Bhawan
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Pierre Jeanneret
Punjab University Library
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Balkrishna Vithaldas Dosh
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BV Dosh
Institute of Indology, Ahmedabad
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Charles Mark Correa
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Charles Mark Correa
Hindustan Lever Pavilion, New Delhi (1961)
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Charles Mark Correa
Gandhi Sanghralaya
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Raj Rewell/ Raj Rewal
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Raj Rewell/ Raj Rewal
AsiadVillage / Asian Games Village , New Delhi (1982)
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Fariburz Sabha
Lotus Temple, New Delhi (1986)
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World Centre of Vedic Learning
Architecture
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Domestic Dwellings
Architecture
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i
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India
Indian Towns
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Indian Towns
Cluster of buildings
Balconies overlooking
the streets
Courtyards providingpublic spaces
Terraces for other
activities
Why?
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Why?
Weather
Closure
Respect
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Royal Palace Indian Town
Architecture
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Interiors
Architecture
Vastu Shastra
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Vastu Shastra
The Five Elements
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The Five Elements
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Air (Vayu)
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Air (Vayu)
Water (Jala)
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Water (Jala)
Fire (Agni)
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Fire (Agni)
Earth (Bhoomi)
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Earth (Bhoomi)
Space (Akash)
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Space (Akash)
Gods and goddesses
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Gods and goddesses
Common Colors
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Common Colors
Aquamarine
Ochre
Saffron
Indigo
Pistachio Green
Shocking Pink
Pomegrenate Red
MangyoYellow
Red
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Red
Yellow
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Yellow
mind that is inclined towards divineperception and intelligence
Blue
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Blue
Art
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Visual Art
Art
Abstract Indian Art
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Abstract Indian Art
Distortions in proportions, spatialcompositions and nonrepresentational colorschemes
Cubism, Futurism, Impressionism andabstract expressionalism.
Abstract Indian Art
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Abstract Indian Art
Sacha Jafris new style of Magic Realism
Abstract Indian Art
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Abstract Indian Art
Ramkumar
Abstract Indian Art
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GaganendranathTagore
Realistic Indian Art
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depicts the actuality of what the eyes can see.
elements of fantasy and surrealism in thesubjects
Pseudo realism
Raja Ravi Verma
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j
Hemen Majumdar
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j
Untitled by Hemen Majumdar
Erotic Indian Art
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Existent in pre-colonial era, but it was only afterAD 1200 when it appeared in a larger scalebecause miniatures becoming a predominant artform for the royalty.
It was only after independence, when a fewartists started taking eroticism as main subjectmatter of their art.
In the post liberalization era, the society became
more liberal. The Indian films became bolder,nudity became more accepted. This hasencouraged artists to experiment with newerforms of art bordering on the subject of erotic.
Erotic Indian Art
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Contemporary Indian Sculptures
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p y p
The predominant
mode of visual art in
ancient India
Ramkinker Baij father of modern
Indian sculpture
Deviprasad Chowdhuri
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p
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Art
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Textiles
Textiles
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Design/Motifs/Elements seen in textilesranges from abstract figures to fruits, plantsand animals like the elephants.
Textiles
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Bandhani
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a popular style of
dyeing made by
traditional resist
dyeing technique oftie-and-dye.
Bandahani
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India - Tie and Dye [SaveYouTube.com].avi
Patola
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one of the most
famous fabric weaves
in India which is based
on the ikattechniqueof making parts of the
yarn resist the dye bywrapping.
Mirrorwork
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stitching of round or
square mirror onto the
cloth to make cushion
covers, bed spreads,wall hangings and
table covers.
Phulkari
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flowerwork
Chikan
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fragile, white
embroidery patterns
on pastel cottons.
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Who are the famous PostColonial Architects?
References
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Agrawala, V. (1965). Indian Art. Prithivi Prakashna. Bahga, Sarbjit, and Surinder Bahga.
Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret : Footprints on the Sands of Indian Architecture. New Delhi: Galgotia Pub.,
2000. Print.
Bhattacharya, S. K. Trends in Modern Indian Art. New Delhi: M D Publications PVT, 1994. Print.
Brown, P. (1959). Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu Periods). D.B. TaraporevalaSons & Co. Private Ltd.
Freeman, Michael. India Modern. London: Mitchell Beazley, 2005. Print.
Issar, T.P. (1998). GOA DOURADA: The Indo-Portuguese Bouquet. INDIA: T.P. Issar. (architect)
Kamiya, Takeo. (1996). Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. Japan: All Nippon Printing Co. Ltd.
La Plante, J. D. (1992). Asian Art. Wm. C. Brown Publishers.
Metcalf, Barbara D., and Thomas R. Metcalf. A Concise History of Modern India. Cambridge. Print. "ModernArchitecture of India." Encyclopedia of India's Art, Culture, Architecture, Heritage and People. Web. 28 June2011.
.
Monisha, Bharadwaj. Inside India : Quintessential Indian Style. London: Kyle Cathie, 1998. Print.
Seth, Sunil. Indian Interiors Interieurs De L'Inde. Cologne, Germany: Taschen, 2004. Print. Taylor, Brian Brace.
Raj Rewal. London: Mimor, 1992. Print.
Volwahsen, Andreas. Splendours of Imperial India. New York:Prestel Publishing, 2004. Print.