IFTETITOYTO TE{}AOrIKQNKAI METAAAEYTIKf,TN EPEYNf,TNN.rr,I.A. EtrOIITEYOMENO AIrO TO ]TlOr?rErO ANAXTYSEE (X.X2f76'MEEOIEION 70. 1 15 2? A9HNA - TH'1. 210 7l gB 412 - 7. FAX 2t 0 77 5? Al I
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TOIiEAI YAATIKOH NOPCIN & NEPIBANAOilTOIAIEYoYNIH YAPOTTOAONAT
ANATNOPIITIKHYAPOTEONOTIKH - YAPOXHMIKH EPEYNA
NOIOIIKHI ENIBAPYNIHI TNN YNOTETNN NEPNNTIII EYPYTEPHT NEPIOXHT
THE AEKANHE TOY AIONOY N. BOIfiTIAI
n. nANltoYnonoY^orfSpoyecoA6fog (M.Sc, Ph.D)
ErrrornqoJm6< f, ovsovdtrn( z E. fKI NT{rlI H, X4yt x6g M41gaw rc6E
AOflvotSeSpoudprog 2008
t.28341Y2062
INETITOYTO TE$AOTIKf,TNKAI METAAAEYTIKAN EPEYNANN.II.T.A. ETIOfITEYOMENO ATIO TO YNO\'PNEIO ANAflT}'EHE (N. 272N6)sr!El9lTl !?f{r0,1152?AoHN4, 412-LrALz1a??52n1
TOMEAI YAATIKOH NOPON & NEPIBA/\AONTOIAIEYoYNIH YAPOTENAOTIAI
ANATNCIPIITIKHYAPOTEQAOTIKH YAPOXHf' l lKH EPEYNA
NOIOTIKHI ENIBAPYNIHI TfiH YNOTEIOH NEPQNTHI EYPYTEPHI NEPIOXHI
THI AEKANHT TOY AIfINOY N. BOIOTIAI
N. flANNOYNONOVAOTYdpoyecoioyog (M.Sc, ?h.Dt
Enrornuovrroc f uvgov{iln( : E. I-ltl NT{IN H, Xqp xag M4Slavtxog
AOrlvoOeBpouriprog 20O8
Jgfl#F.Dd,.os.ogdlvn
,;;.f;;,--;:.-:r;
12834 / Y2062
rIINAKAZ IIEPIEXOMENAN i T*
l. ErxArQrH ...............2
- . 1 . I . I o t opm6 ' ' . . ' . ' . . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . ' ' ' . . . ' ' :
1.2 Me0o6oLoli* 6peuvaq- ...........31.3 Eulaprorteq .., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
2. IE(,,-',\OI-IKEI * YAPOI.EQ^OI-IKEE EYNOHKSE ".,........ ....".....5
2.1 fear?'crytrfq -.u6pol"r$oloyrr6q ouv&r;rceq.-........ ..... ....."............52.2 Y8poyeoloyrrdg <rur.Sqxeq - u6potp6por opf(rm€q............... ............,........12
2.2.1 Y$porpopor opi(ovreq ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . l2?..2.2 Kivqcq rou utdyerouvspo0 .......14
, 2.7.3 Y8poi 'oyrrr i ozoryei*.qqnsproppq.... . .-. . .-. .-. . . . . . . . .". . . . . . . . ."17?.3 lrorleic ro.Iurpqg ?r19.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20
3 YOIE"TAMF,NIJ KATATTAE}I TIE NOIOTFITAX TAN YNOTEIQN NEPSTN ..,,..".......22
3.1 Airruo efu6ygori - pe0o6o1cn1irx............... .....,........223.2 Arorel€otrrcr$ Kfl,r ene{egyooi* rcov Xqprrrirv avsifoerov ......28
3.2.1 Xqpu<€g avakiaeig.. .............-.....283.2.2 Karavopfl tCIv rfprcov rdwalv..,..... .........-...,.283.2.3 Kcmvoprj r6)v r1voororgsirrrv........ ....."..........4O
3.3 Entor6rnlarl - A[roi,fyla1 n1g nopouaiog torr Cr oru undyeia vcp6............................513.3.1 fevrrd quo'u(o1qFtrd lcrporcrqprorrr* ror Cr.-...... ........-513.3.2 fhOaveg ruqyfs C(III) rar C(VD srrlv n€plolirl ....,.."......-56
4. AAIO^OTF|IH TSIN XpirrEfiN TOY NEI'ily ......_.".... ". .......,...5q
4.1. Y$peunr'{ rcurn},},q},6qr{r............... ......,..............594.2 Ap$eutrx4 xutnli4),r1cnrfi.,........... ....-..."..."..........59
5. E1'MnEPAXMATA - nPOTAXErt . ............ .........-....64
5.1 Xupnepdtoporfl....,,........ .....645.2 llpordcsrg. ..-...69
5.2.1 M6rpa np6trr1yq6 rar elfgotr ...................^,..695"2.L flporew6pevrq €pstrvlnr6q egyatiisq.........-"...-.. "...,,."""....69
BIBAIOTPAOTKEX ANA$OPEX ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .". . . . . . . . . . . .". . . . .72
IIAPAPTHMA l; Enrlepsvot l*preg x),. 1:5O.000
i: l
1. EIEATOTH1.1 lorapmdH atrporiac dpruva eqopd cirrl Dupeurrlo4 ?T16 uqrctdpn'q-< ruruoroorlq p!'&ovonq Kor orf,
udpoxlprxd xopfir(lljplctrrc 'rurv undyetcrv vepirtv rrlq errptnep'rr1q rc€pto{rlg qq }-ercavlq Tol)
Aororot n*'rupori Nopori Botc:rioE. O Aoarnoq, cto pr-yalrSrepo rpdpu tou, Stappder reprcrytl
rou N. Borartiag g,r,,{b ro v6Tro xct s.varo;trrd rou rp{trra uxoorpayyt{et rq Boperoavtrtohx6q
ano)'d{eq qq ll&pvr10a6 or onoieq unore'Loiru F6poq ror-r Nopot Arnrqq (Mo}*rr6.ou, Auhdlo,
Qpoaoq rl,n )
Irq orev4 ,'*:ptop €pnrvaq Kol oul.tcel(pr;r*rra orrp neprag{ A*}"dr.'-aq - Otvorp0rov - Ow6qg -
Eplpurnpiou uvuarfo$arsr svrovq $roprlywx{ Ku1 $wreXvutj Slruarqpt*rqrs rl oxois
rrlrncrdwetut etnb ayponrfq exerioetq uryqi,r1q nopaycrrprdtqrflg. ,:,). ,i . i
O roaap6g Aaon6q r.rr,69 trw oppptoiv u6drorv etvar oqp/* uno66rcrqq, r6rc{repcr aro trtfco pcnt,
l"upo.ro:v rcrr u.vpci:v (xno$)trlraw norri}jqq c,iot<roqg r.:o.t rpoglsu,3qq. H ff0ouc[s ogyflv(t)fttvaiv
povdOaw arxi'rqpanrrlg ene{etrrynoiag uypdru uroBl,{tcw rar BroprqXtrvmi*v }"up&ttirv an6 rqv
twptoyl, oe cruvdtocpd pe n€ oup6q waqopdg rov rc,roircct-rv po Eu0eorl uno$Lr1rr'lv unnr9ekrg
orqv rcoicq relu A$t*xrof rcuOrirg Kor E{tJv au(qpr;vcrx o-tr6wrpcboeruv per*}Jrnrv rou
rrpocriircpiorrlK$v t;r Fspov{op€vsq 6eryparo},qvt6g Dm<p6po>v qop€cov rcct t8w;rrirv, npctr6},ruocv
ro e.vSraq6pov rqg aol"rreio4 Tro plfi exter'f,orepq €.peuva rot unoqfaaroq rqg upm-r*pffqg
rccr0orao'qg prinovoqq rov uaoysial vapdw rrlg euprnep4q rsprc1.f16. To w8roqdpov r(ov
ronrrd:v nopoydvrotv rco0{oq Kfll rou n}nou eortdort1xe rurnpTpfv, oe uu(qp.ertcg firyKsvrprircreq
r$vrcr:v Xporpir.m, rptoOevrnig (Cri') rur e{oc0evor)g (Cr6*), or onoieg oe npro;r*ve6 repurrri:ac4
ump6$*rvcrv Ksl rft 6pra noorp6?qroq ro:v 50 pg/l.
To I|ME r*q upp6$roq <pop6nq r:r1; acirteiuq T1o rrlv Eperwa'rcrv unrrJeir*v vepd:v rqg XCopoq,
Sra$6'rovrug cqv e(er8metpevrl Tv/*oq, qv telwr{ uao8opri Kfl,r'nTV no}.u0eponrr1 nlqporp6prloq
aa6 qv pnrpfupovq epneptu roo os avdirliyq ror en6iecq avaidycrrv epyuauinr, xar p*&" axd
to *6nptpov Tretl a($r;itt;ot ry At$*ttvm1 Y\atav nu YilEX{}A}I, 'mpo6$q cr4v acpor'loa
Avtryvoptarrr{'Epeuvo nrJu onooKoaei orqv psl€Tq rov fiororrrrilv 5rprlrtrlpro,mri:v Knr rqg
utprcrup6vrlq rat&orucqq p{rnavoqq rcov unoleirov vepdrrv qg eup0tepqg mpwlrgq Kui orllv
8rapopeparl nporccretov yro rllv ireport6pol €pewu Ker owrpetConcq rou fipopl{F.cttCIq.
Awrreipevo qg nopofoaq fpeuvaq oe yevmfq ypapp6g f1cuv,
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i optilrdq etoE 6rxr{tou yeoipr1omtv \eryparc}*1wiae xat ilbiyou'
4 r.aproypdEryfirl rtl; ritrj(ostr,xp[aq (m6,gpryg] rusv woyei*tv ttpiov 6nou aztrd ipav 6vvm6,
q Kertrlpc(pr1 *at o.rcoris?ttLtfi| rrnv yta)oytxtitr* xat t:6ftoitgo]-ayxav f.apCI$ivlptdttrcd;v rTe
wpbttprlq neP wYriq *'6 w.qti;P awe g,
- r1 anoritnotrrf toJv- rn'yrnxpcisot&)v ni]v lti:tott' wt6q tt: udp*E'ptttv ttxtlymwptv Ktil TTq
e,- Tgttt:t xumvoyftq rcuq fxo xCIJpa,
4 d;WA4r1 r1jtrcdg 6r.6eor1E pe ta aacntMoltt'rd' rcor) enotovirv, cqv epptTv9ta tollq Kdt r4r)
utrtt^ovt,q "4;
rrpr*o4rtiqE rc*raaffia'* Ke1,q rcat tpor&oe$ yt& lcsp(lntpat qytxo{t:g rwt
iaw lt€xplliu i6yxor', npowuoias q / rcar qnorcot&moo4g tou xpofi)"q$ew;
Esrfv 6r0eor1 fiou arol,ouQet cn'oluirowut 6re{o6rx6 xu' yeal}"opx& KOI uEpc'ryaclloyx&
xu,poKrqprcftrxd rqq neprqgrlE ruodlg e?tisq,; KOt ro anote?rfcpnto qq uvrrr6p&) flvotryoJploruqg
6parvcrg. Ilo.pouotft{ovtat rut ctf,tol"ayoirwut tu uno1e}"S6portr to:r' y"qptrthv cvaiiroec'rv rut
aapnrtBr.wat npor*.ceig Tlo rep*ttipar epynote6 rapoxoloir0lclq r.qq pfnavolq KoL
ouyrarprpu*veq Ep6oar6 rat trr€epo ctnorotdotaoqg Kor rposrnoiag rox ulidyerrlv vepdl rqq
rueptoplg
1.2 l*tflodoAaYis tPeuvugor epeuvqttx€g upyuo'irg rippaw ro No€pppto rou ?00?, nepard$qrav to oeppou&pro rou ?008
rur Sqpraouv o.w,oirrcf rprl{ qp6po}.o1aro66 piveq. Appn6 r:rryrsvrpdo0tK0rt K([1 un€orqou'v
eae{epyc.ciu 6tro r$ Strl${;orpo orotlei.g a:t6 *polyodpeva6 pei'^*reg ror €peuveq' rcrt dircltepc
sut6 agu aqoporSv oe npoqyofu.sveq epY{roieq rcu II'ME rca0dlg rur sutd 146 El}"ryltrtiq rar
Are$voirq Br$tr.crypaqieq. Errl oweleta pet* uad wuy'*toptonx{ erdoxergq crrlv 7t€pt61{
eml,flrqrcuv ot neptol€q ndrrrpripor"io6 Kil't opirr4re $iKcuo yetltpflasorv Kst rppeft(nv
Eeirpu,tolqryiftq <crr e)"€ry1Au. To ev6taq6pov nppr* nrc*cevrprir€rlKs {ttTl $r'crp4xavrrq {dlvq
owOrpmr.,rv - ow6t1q - )Jplparuptou uild orrl auvfleru pet& urc6 uvt<pop66 Tr'a crulqpfueg
orlxevrprboerg e[go$evori-c lpcrlpiau oe napgretpeveg nspol€g err6q c4q u$poi''o1rrrlq i"rr&vqq
roo Aorr:rror3 4 6per-rvu encrt&oqrs KCt nvccol,txdcepa anryr errp0repq uDpcryear)'rryrrt'1 l"exfvtl
mrc reptq66q ArrLi$cq - A{1}"eor'
Aro ng epluaisq unoi$p,ru ouyxevrpa$qxuv cruvol.irri 8? seiryputu v€po$. Tu neproodttpu un6
aurri *dp$rlrav trrc6 lecr:rpflonq evdr cXdgraroq crprOpgq Eerypd'ta* nttp0qre un6 <pgr*trta'
E)"r1q$qoar, €TrisTlq rur r€ooepu, Eeiypuza vepod ard rov Aocrlr6 norup<i' E*ioqq 6nou rltuv
6uvaco, KOr Olyyt(sKfJrir.,h,fl eret ,5no1 endrpsrcav T0 Kd,f,0$Ksr:sfirrt1 Xg'porTrtplo&rcd Tcov
uSpvyeolrprjoecov (rnpoucio me(operpmou oolflva), ?rprryporosot{Oqrcv Kdt petp{oerg
md$pqg rcrrv un&yeuov vepdrrv.
Es 6rr aqopri oru nou>rtrcd 1opoKrqprortrd, perprl0r6av smtdnou {pCIslKoll1rrr6q nupdperpot
6ntoq rl Hl,errpmrl Ayaiyrudrrlta (EC) rou vepo6, ro pH, r'1 Oeppcrrpaolu Kcr to Auvoprr6
Ofi,edouvayffiq {&e}
Ta 6eiypura aurti o"tii).4-1{ivxsv rur cnoori}.iwruv uuSqpepciv c'ro F,pyuotfpto Avohurnc4g
Xqpduq rotr lfME yw apoo6roptop6 guorKolrltuKdrv rcpapfrpol (EC pl'i), ruplcr t6vtal (Cc,
Mg, Na, R, C0, HCOj, SO, Ct), punr:vrrr<irv Eetrrdrv (NOs, NOt, NH4) xa0doq rcut ntrrlOcirpag
eirrifey;revalv rlvaorar;eic:v (Cr,o,,, Cr6*,Fe, At, Ni, Mn, Cw ZrL Ba, Cd, Pb, As, Co, Hg, Li, Sr, Ag, Mo,
S&, Se, Be, V, Tl, P, B, SiO2) tsut Olrxag Opyrn"rcdg Av*paxa; ?i "TOC".
Tu pslpt rCopa 6ra06orpa orotle{,u ru0Cog Krlr n} anora}"6oparo, rov ;rltrnridrv ar,'ul*$err}v
ou,'rrevtp6tlqK$v Kol un*orrloav otrffri$l a{o}dyqoq rcur en{,epyaaia. Itu ezrdptuvo reg{rio-ru
avnl"*svrur 6u{o6rrn or r:rnpfpou6 eplaaicq roOd:q Kor rri unom}.6<r;raru n1q znpo{oug €peuvctg,
TAIog n*pudOeirrur eperrr4rrrig rporuosr4 K(n orlyKsKprpcva p€rpn awryetritznoqq rrlq
impcrtepru unoprl0ploqg rqq not6rr6oq ralv ryndryeralv vr:pCov Kur rrlq qr.rou<{q rot rcrdotccnlg.
t.3 EuyapwriegEtriv oloxlflproorl r{q napo$aaq fpewag a(rdloytl flrav q oupBot{ orryrerprtr#vrrrv
anonlpfvo:v Kot owspTrltriiv ororg onoioug amOrfuolrar trJv unolpfaloq vu €l(tppc$6i rtg
euXnprcrieq pou, l6tair€psq sulir.ptodeg app6(ouv.
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rou arqv il]qp{rro8drqoq Kst srqv anp6arocq olarcffiparq rqq nupotloaq tpnwcg
. Ero Ateu*uvrr1 qq Amffluvorlq YEpoyerirl.oy{ng rc. N. KougttrtoisA,rl, Tro fl}' awa}"lny{
andyearv Kqt nq,p{otpeg sroqyfloerq tou Kot{r tq ,niwcr{r1 rqg pni,stqg
. Itrl pppxd rou I|ME xa. EL {rcnravq Tro rrl Sre(uyaryq rruv plpxrix uval,rioecnv
r Etou! epvo8qyairq toii II}{E KK. K. A. K*AAtotz(q rat H. Norco Tro rqv np60upq rat
enrpelll ouvepluoiu rooq o'rq c,"uiioyq crriv 6erypa?{ov K{rl Tqv fipoTporonoiqcrl rov
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4
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(flanuvrro).dou, 1986, K.0.). Aoptitat sno norriLtq l"r0a1'<r11x6q evdtqteq ot ozcoieq
mpri"apBdvoriv t(ftpc,tfl rou Tetopto,revorSq. tou Neoye;v'otlq (Av. Merdrcuwo) w6 ro u}'nttd
CItloflOgpo gvt&ocste 6rqv wdtqco fqq llsLoyowrrlq. I'fl.q en$trr'eveq napalpritoouq
rcrpoucndf,owat ava?rurtKd ot Lt0ootparpatorypuqmoi sxrlprrncpoi nou ouppst$trow oq
yr:roi,'6yrxri 111q $opq 6ncig urxoi snsnrnrirvovrsl ot ap6orpcr,eq rcaetir6 ril rrnl,stdraptq dpeweq
tou I;ME (f{tpyrv6q r.n. 2007, T{rto.pqq K.a... 1970, K$tom*tooq 2000, 2002, Ketflii{itcoq K-s"
19g6, Ao,uvaq lg7li evd) n xuravopfl rouq, oro ldrpo nupourn&(erur oT o Dplpa l. H raollo'rx{
neprlpaql exfiotqq ?"r0ol,oyucr1q ev6cqrrlg *ruhouseita.r an6 rqv u8pohoo?'oytrrl rqq
oupnryrqopd 6na4 urn{ nporrlaret qr6 Dre{o8txdq €pa-uve-C tcro II-ME tcou EpoY1lfira:rnrd$qruv
oro nupel,oirv ocqv supinap4 nepr<r4{ i.Aowuq r.u 1980, Mtlprprlq, i995)'
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orryx1rovor anp&rnar cr{q1rsrlopoi dgrrrw, 0wtirv tar riirg tevayov its.,sl,s),- np6oqrata aoirv6eta
upyrJ,oupgtrfrq rar apliioplyfl ulrxdl trrr rpr:xdl,e-C rur tr*r0neq nciri)'qg ofcruo-r1g rcut ;rc'y60oug
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Eivrxt 2,tt,rsti adpcmtparoi asgrlpa;rtapoi pt eiaipeory u.s )amopepets apyiLweq svmpr[soe(' Ee
ywtxi:E yp1ftpt€ uvanrtsooow eku#tpouq urSpotpbpouq a{ti{owee 's"}.)rt oe p*pmhg raptwatosg
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Illnmdravo {.Pt} llcpr},ap$&ver ramav6lprupa r{{pntu, nol} e.rr{xeiltfrt ot ofi)[rq(']\'t& 7t&v&)
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uirom')"nfv.rm rg6 lr4 <nryexrir& rporn).o**yd1 ro$ wslldcaovrur f"rs o.no06oeq,
xc.oravogrcopolv *ppov l6ut firll"Cov. Eqv reptqfl rqq Prt<icirvag anoreloriwst ctr6 ouverntor5g
ndyrouq rcporca?.olanrnorayrirv pe nprl,oyupprtnc6 auvSetrr6 rrix6. To suvoltr6 n*1o6 tot:
oplpanapori eivol 120-150 p€rpa'
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Neayevtq
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Arccpopoaorsrivrni aad neprofi cre neprold avri.loy* p€ rqv roao$eciia Kcfr fi'l Lt0c)'oprt1 rott6
rniornorl orrE ar6l"outleE evdtqteq:
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ouv$enrd ui,Lrd rar npofplovrut sno ro npo -NeoTevEq r:n6Bc0po q6 lldpwl$cq ra$dlg rur cnd
F€rcpopgalpfr,'o ltmprirporo Kfir paOritepa p6lr1 trrw Necryevrix. To n&1og mu <rplponopot5
mripXemr repinou cs 300 p+:rprr-
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rcrvotro8unrd rqq Orv6qg (Eplpez0) svdl Esv nopuapfl0qKev $116 neprol6g tqq Atl.i6cg
Kfrl r$) Opavrnir ot oaofu6 uwigera d6er{av oyqldq urq lfrnpiorr,r xai dl"l.rrw
r6wcrrv. lI mrgmercprpev4 raruvoprl ror Tropouolfl rou vu(slviou acnp6rur pt pepcrdrpa on
olerl{eru d,peo* pe prcprlluvrxig eodeq p}n*vaqq
OfuKd _s Opyaw*6g Av*parag (TOC): I{ napoooi.o Kct Korevopr! rorr O},txo0 Opyaurcnl
Av0para ano'telsi Eskrq punavoqg rov un#geiciv vepri:v oad *pynvtr$q evdloerq. AE
oqperoOei *rr 11 avilvzuorl rtrlv empdpoug cpycrvrr6v svriroe**' ora vepd umorsfusi 6re$vd:q
pur v€u mer).f1 11 onotu oe no)"1J6 nepmr/ooerg etvnr q Fcaucft urticr ryxat&letyqg
ysarpflc'ecov rifiparorlq (Appelo and Postma 2005, Miljoprojekt, 1998). Xap*rct4pra'nr6
or,,arpf,p*ar 6rr ato E$vrxo rm Euparna?xti Oe<lpmd n).n{<no (OEK 630126-+2{}07)
urprord,rar q npocofi Tro nlv aepouola 11 earrfuA$vCIv opysvu{d}v ouordvv otott6 u5urtlcai}q
a6pouE ev6 q USEPA (hnp://wwev.epa.qovlsafewater&onteminants/index.bFnl)
emorltrrafva rol' riv&wc napouoiug oTo undrysro vep* trrtoq l,iotaq neprooor*porv unir 90
evrilseorv 11 arcotr uuvel6E au{*veu Or pro6q ruepinou and audq efuor opyuvrxAg evdraetg
Kar6nrv rorlrou sro, nisiora qg nuporSoag s/oyvioplcrrr{g p*ii:r4q rpt0qre or6arpog o
lut' upptv 6Xep6oq rqE rropoDofag opymnxtiw wriros(r)v ma rin&yetc vspd qq fisplo1tig F.€
tov npoa8ropffip6 qg cuyrfutp$oqi rou{ ss TOC. Or petp{aeq f$srf,uv u.pqMq.'npfg,
6cog rur 7.5mg/l oro vepd tou Aor':coir, ruOti:q rcctr nu{rlpeveq lp$'yrtorpIafi{
49
erodpalOev rr;6 xoialq ro1) Kol erio'r1E oe Teoxprloerg ot ciroieq 65er(av cvcimorlo ut1lr1l*q
otyc6r'rpd:oeiq rcar dr,Lkuv ptraoydvcu:v ;rerriM,c';v sar rcvrov.
A)J,a pfra),).*, apotv**} (As), pdiaflhoE Fb): Au-Eq$sveq crp6q cnryrewpd:oeov
uponnron3 rnu iro?"up6au napurrlpq$ryav oe p€povolpfveq yea:rpll$EtE aiqolov rou
Aoonof ro0dtg Kor o'e neprol€g Eg4pn:apiou Oworlinr*v Kol Aoldlvoq. )Juyxerptp*u ottq
yearrpfloerg I-8, tr'3fi, I.39, i'61 xul 1 94 aopaqpfl0qK€ oo€qpgq $rft(sr.'rpt:or1 upos',uca*
evr": acrg yeanp{oeq T17, T87 ro:t I-92 nnpoqpl$qrcsv otr(qpeveg ouyrewpCoo'eq
pokipEou. Or neprarriroeq uu,dg s:uo$iSovrar ofllv rrXsroryqrpic rouq ds oqperar6q rm
Erdgumq earieq BroprlX*vrqg prinuvorl6.
3.3 EmoxdrrqarT - A$ailfyryoq rqg napouolo'g rau Cr ara urbysawpa,
9.3.1 fsyrrd gustKoxqpmd yuptrxrnptfirxri rou CrAoya: tqc ar:{i1prev4E Sqporitdr4roE Kfir tqq uvuprev6psvqi atiara^0qoiag rou x*w*6 olenxd pe rq
pinavo4 u6po<ptipr*v olqtrraacp.Crw arui t{w#i;r,i; yprbpzrt, otrc unopsveg atrpuyptrtooug
napariOevrat opiotrrfva BrBl*rryparprrd Es8opwa Kor ovCI,pop6q olecm& pe ra em.p.*poug
quc, Ko1rlpuc* lapcrrr4prcrrxd, Kfir aq fircrt4re6 r*u.
Tu quotrcoy.tiprr* liapaxtrlpro,urd ror: lpcopriou ae it?*;6 rfii rt€ trr.optpf:6, q ro(rxorrlrd 'cou. or
lre0o8oi"oyieq unorcurfic'ro$q6, raOri4 ra,r 6il.s <r;erir* cu,',*gi{ovtfrr s€ pu npdatnorq,
aitdioy4 epyaa'ia ci$v Guertin et. al (2005). And qv epyaoia autrl ra$drg rur arc6 *ltreg
Bftwypotpr.r*q'Erlye; {H*m, 1992, De.utsch, 1997) r:q;rsdovowtrt o'uvoncucri rtr *x*?uoufi*.:
O€et&orwiC n*aractdoef: -fo Cr efvar yva:err* ce $r*.rpopeq rovrucriq rutufirdoer-q rucu nomilouv
ufi6 4 6coq +6, olfi& mr1 fliorl o-uf'{Stog cnovr& pdvo cng o(erSanurfq xurnr*ooerq
Cr{0), Cr(NI) rcat Cr{VI}. Tt: Cr{$i ascn,Ta sn{ivra orrl Vf$q rfir s.nd na},ioiiq
up<oto'fhiteirtr axopq Kut rl imap\i1 rou. Xuvrnoq ro ev$rnrpepov DrrlKilnp{,bveru1 oro
Cr{{I}) KilL nro Cr{V'i.). To Crfl$ anryvr* }is rq liopqfl 1pcopr,or11er:v o{*dirriv ({Jr2#3i rut
uspo{er6{rov (Cr{OFI}) raBt'rrg Kur $,; 6talrlr& rsndvrc CrOHZ* rat Cr(OH)2* srrir m
Cn(VI) pr rn irop{pq -gpoi:*criv {Cr?r2'1rar Srgrcuprxttv {Cr2Of I astt*v-,tw 11 *r6p.q rar
coq lpc:pmri l3&pic {BaCrOaj ri $r1p*:prxd vrirpro ( NzCrzoil.
Ilpoileuoq - Oumw{q Eqyeq Cr(IIil rcat Cr{YI): "lo cleifro rau Cr({il) unors},€i pru rl;rd aq
Sfrs rno Sra$r,Sapfueq oucteq oro 9l,o16 rqq ?qq $acobs and Testa, 2005)- Xro
yeo:3."oyir6 nep$&l^lrrv ug$ovei oe ?xuprTsvrl ruerpfopata (yf,$par, aepr&adrcq. Souvtreq
xcr m:p6{evor) rat $s qgs,rof,erurcd (f}ao6}*egi. Evtoai(erar cw40a4 ce unepBaomd
?ruprysv1 aerpri:paru {x.1. ogrdr}"rOor) xcx,(}cbq K$1 orfl, per{rpop$iopwa rco8rivapit Torg
6ncog enicrlq Ksr $s Suqdpoug rrinouq ogr+rcri"i{}rov.
Tesglrqrd;q - avfip*sxoyrv*fg rrrlyl€ p$xavsry;: Or pnr;-rr6*peE ipflosrq rrriv fru.ql6prov popqCrrv
1pa:piou eivar {Testa, 2S05):
Cr({}}: napayrrryrl rvo{eiSanou X6}'uFs, xpapdtrrw K{n yanni perol"lougprfl
proprllaviu
Cr(III): MeralJ'oupprfl pmpqlnvio, arrxd,fuuyq Sourrrirv uX,ncdlv, earpercD,rboeig,
Bupoc,6ery{4, Dgu.r'rooFryifi , x. c,.
Iwffs{ro lrll$qtreh & il{mad*mrrrw FpewabEIBTLIOGF{KH
Ot upnard Xoprd - *puxouare6dveqI3[77 AXAPNAI AS}IHA
1.0
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zH o.txa
Ct{W}: Emgeta}"Mooa4, $upoo8epin, uqmrcoupyiu,, fi}ner palrocumrcrbv prllovrirv rc.c
Ifepoaoia ora ordyeta vspa, pryXnvrapot o(ei6a6q€ - avay*y$E: Oarr.rg npoavotpfp0qre, ro Cr
c,ic*vr& cra uxqrenr vap& 16oo arq C(Itr) rar Cr(VI) oe Srdcpopeq pop,+6q rcrr u$po{ei5ta-
Bsorxoi rop&,vovreq nou pu$pi{ourr rr1 mo0epdqrd:ou (Efnpu 22} eivutw pH Kol ro
Swrrprr6 o{erSoerv wtrryhq @h}.
0.{
Ig o.au
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EXrtpa 22. Ilt6is. ma*ryorryra; rct ouawqparoE Cr - O - IIrO oe hwytrtagpu Eh-pH (Hem, 1989,Motz,er,2005).
iMe 6uroopol)l y€ct1llrffior)€ lrqy"rntop*irq evilloe4 rou rprosevodg 6mpiotr (Cl*)
o(eriri>vor"rur oe wciioeq cou e{oaOevorig lparpiou {Cr6") ro.0dug xor avtimpoo& ps ro
plypvto;ro r4_q avolcrry r1q.
Ket& rotig Early and Rai (i9S7) Kur Fendorf and Zasoski, (L992), q ofei8omti
tpro0evofE gpc:priou oe si*.o0sv6g p;ropei va orp$si as rceptpfil"cv pe oteiDt* rou
uorynvionr {napoAotoizryE fr-MnOzb}, ttntpvwftrle 6-MnCIz$), rcpomolttilava6 a-Mnotb))
<--$;roaiv* irs rev avct$p*crq:
Cl* + 1"56-b{noz+ HzO = HCrO,l + l.5Mn2* + rf (t)
Eoictt-c o{eric'rrr:rccg nap&ywrnq eivcr rqo,r ro Ern?rtrpsvo o{uydrro s$"6 oe nsrpd,pata nou
s'),wov an6 roug Fendorl xs.r 7-azosls. {1992} Sramorio6lxe 6ft etvst e?rouordfio,-rg
otlFtcotcq.
Xs fin orpopd crqv rwqrucfl rov o(erfioovoyaryrrCov awrEp&asrov (cnprtrlra Ste{nycrryrlg
qg avrifipuoqg) avupdpovrc{lru e(f1q (Motzer, 2SCt5):
- To ((In/ o{er8doverat ot, Cr(Vl), o'rntiea;g p€ "rp'
rco.zalucrxtl smi6pao4 o{cr$ir*v
rou rcrpoo0wotiq payyavtou (Mn(lV)) pn aleru<& apy6 puO1ro t172 nw npaivstnr
utt6 $,58 hr:>q37,2 tcq.
Awio"cpotpc, r1 crvriipuoq avuvaryr'1guno Cr(VI) oe C{III) civflr Eal.6 ofr.'copr1 p*
ttn :rou eivu,r o'ur"qOalq wcapmi.oq taq 53 1;ubpaq oe cvuepdpreq { av*y$yrrcdq
ouv6{rsg. Ee aepdBrsg ouv'0r1re5 owr]Oa4 nipaiverc,r sn6 llnin twq?l.5 qpipeq.
Tofircrirqral H 8repeuvq$I ro1.) prx8poii cqq to{uc6rqroq Sw sno€\4i arffirsf[r^{'.!'o niq a{r$e1}qry6
sg€lgg alJd yrn l,oyouq ripeorc avurpopaq, ncpcriOwrar otr1 or:ve1elo, cuv,c?nir{l.
peprxti aupnepdopsru un6 rrl 6u0v{ prp}"roypcrpia. To Xpiopro, uvdiuyu ps nTV
o(erliartrrcj rou xur*orcor1, ert<pdper Oenxfc q upv4nrfq ernzcrci>oeq cr,q nv0pduminl
uyeia xcr orrl Erurporpri Tevrr6tepr
Ee dn *'popd, mo rpw?evtE ytrbpro, Cr(tlIi, m BiBl"roypu<prrdr Ed0opws <Seiprouv
6s xarrf ro pecupo?,,rou6 aaswo{t'ror pxporoo6rqteg g:ctlpiou cog rXyoatorleto.
Xupd;qparpoard pr.e r4v rvoc'uiiv4, ro pxiipro o.'';vetcrof:pul orq psit*ol rou
amru*6oD 1trtr.i(r1-c oro uipa Kor lprlorpoaornitnr Tro rrp crv"npsrii:nror1
ouyrercprpevrov popgriw 6rupqq. To grrbpo sniorlq Aypt 1.pt1ot1tonarlOei orq
pf,{CIon rqq 1o}.r1orep6lqq pr.erdworraq tqv nvenr$0ir{tsg, Isp'qfuq6 mrrv$rqtcg,
Lurorpt.*r*;tveq {LDL.I oro aipa. Anorei*i olortr"nrd uprcerdlv tJxrqrhv dnri:q"ron
p,rpdrco3,ou, q6 poyuiq r\t u;r':1pu* rou ouKcDttori, tr'-u ruprori, rc:v $4p4tprardlv
r.a" H elfT"rorrq l1r€p{als anaworipevq noodrqto oc4 Srntpoqr] ropaiverat un* 50
6oiE 200pg"l iJacobs and Testa, 20A5)-
H to(rr6qro tou e{aa'0er,'r:rig y,prrl;ri.oo Cr{VIi siapriitni oe ufi6 rcv rpdso
np6<slqryr16 rou Ko1 rlg s1errlceg ouyrs'vrpdcetg Aev r:n*pger apqr.polfa fut
rcecprfi xsr firKr'& $ut{rpatc ef,cn8evofq gparpfuu eivcr cprcetri rof,rxrt rar
s?rrxivfiilva yrd fllv m0pdxnvrl ugain. Et4 otryrevrpd:crer6 6poq nou ancrw* sra
urdye.wvepd or an6rpe6 e 6n arpop& oqv ro{ucfrqt0 tou,6tiottwrut.
Erov uvOprirnvo opyavrapd ro e(,uo0avfq gr(opro ptrop€t va erc6f,0sr and rpeq
Sffiq0pe,nr*q SrS6oug ('ufKtt(pwro, ond ro ndcrpo vepd rar rq frarporp{, an6 qv
em$epp{8a xar crnd qv avanvofl poluotrrAvtiu arpl}s{pfitprxori cxapu. Ilpdoo*reg
${t}.r*ypurprxf6 ovngcp€c {WHO, 1988, Guertin, 2005) $*ilvouv &rr q p6vq
enrxfv0uvr1 xar $]anrtrxr{ eioo0oq arov ogyovrop6, e{verr T ovorweDcttr{ oESg.
Eu;rsrprpfva:
I Eso ndaqro vepo rcr arqv Etuzpotpyl, to e{aa$ev66 g:d:ptct petttpFnetct
ar6 to yflrt[pswsi]rttr6 or'lorrr*;:n, ol6e$dv crraptrrta x-ur e{ oiiorirlpou, oe
. rpc0ev6g Tpdlpro ro onolo oe lapr1ld,g noo6qreq eivat ar<pdl,tpo Tto rrlv
avOpc,:a*t1 rryei* rcrr <ruvanrbg nurlervc eivat ro(rx6.
' Kfa av&Lcryo cuppatvet Kq,t ps tqv etoo8o on6 qv eafeppi8a. Ilapd to
Tsfovdg &n ro elco'0ev€q ypcopto etc6ple, *t alr6 aur.{ pe tc,Xtrqta 10.000
qop66 pryal"rheprl ond ro tpro$nr$E, Kot ctrlv nep{crcocsrl cucd avdletcr
srr;6 & c{pc ae rpro0evfg npw ond rqv o.nopp6grlsq.
H p6vq ealrivEtvrl eiooDoq $rov ogycrwop6 eivar lrs rqv nvarwofl. Ktrt*
{ry offs.7svcq po}.rrcpdvou adpa pe e{uo0ev€q 1pt'r:pro, nopd ta yeyat6q 6n
6va ncoomd 53 6CI-c 85cle e{uaOevo'r1g Srttpiou "rc0cpt(erctt" 4
anotrroxpfvetor sro cipu,, to undl"ouuo 15 6<19 47Vo nupep.fver or4
rurye}.{ieqTcriv rcvzup6vov Kot anotelet to(rx6 - rccprway6vo nupdlort*.
T€lo6 oc 6rr flqop.i arqv $opi6c or €rilntlpovrr6q o?rrrpq ouyrHvcrw
orc otpn*pilspo 6rr ro e{oc0eveg ?Cpd)Frrr Eev pnapst vs uv€},O$ aro
urf,gyew miar4pcl tw <pmril.
To 6pro roorp6rrpoq fior) €;gti reOsi an6 6u0veig opyuvtoporig, ugopd to owo}-txd
pdpro xar ov6plerur our.'f1Orog ota 50 ppb flpirotporu 6pe.oq q USEPA xptvowuq
6c'co e{ao0ev*E XpC*pro 6w oupnepr.}appdverar rMov sr$ Keprivirydveq ouaieE
nou oncvroirv cro adcrpo vep6, air{qae r* 6pro rootp6rpaE tou o},txou Xpmpiou
umo 50 ppb oe 10fupb {hup://www.epa.ggvr/sqfeyaater/contaminants/index.hunl}.
l$prgo:vo W 16 otorleia m:,d or Drnnlnr*g enrntrbcer6 oa6 oufrlpfveq ttp$g
?gpCIpfoD oro n6ot;x: vrpd nepr*pi{or"r*rr aqv n}.Lc1ryrrr1 Eeppct{cr8b :
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g6oq rcar c4v 6rcreot1 raa npofltiparoe ffol s,*mredv oaryfi xat )anopcptl yvdtq too
enftmore tfipopa)CIyueod reprf6J,),ovro€, noJ tuv aandr phnavoqg. Ta enavop0a:'rtrf
Fsrpd olvoryi(ovrat 6s rpelq EraEopunr€q rtt?€lsu\rserq, se p&pa rspwpwpa$ uyE
to{tx6t4*g, (fxq\t erop*rcptsvot7 rco pisxou ei a$ po}roopev4E pa(aE Kfl,t ss rqtnrctE
mp wp zs po6 xat arrc,udv wn1 g r4g poAtolttwtg 6xras4 s -
Ilepnptopls rrt6 ro(rrdqra no p6roo: E:nnrg&vsrot p€ perorpozr{ cou
ro{mori e{*crOavorig lparpiou oe cpro0ev6g, pq rofir6 gpdlplo 11 pe reproprcpd trlq
6rdpxao6 er0aoqg tou rclr,q0uopoti c,q pXartrx€g ow€rertq rou e(co0wofq
propionr 6noq yra ruapu8erypu p€ $sproproFd Xp{ong tou poluuopiuou vepo,il tr>g
r6orpou ft T|tq sr0eallg rou oe po)''uopavq epyoru{rcrr] ctp6orparpa. H cvayr*yq
tou e{ao0svorSg prop{ou oe cpioOev€g trrnope{ vc erntcug$st p€ Xptictl avoyrrrymdrv
ouad*v 6reo:q evCooe4 Oeiou rcat a6{pcu. And tq *ta'ir4 uadq lopurt4pronr&
uvcr<pe,povru,r ro Sr0srucd v6rpro (Na$z0a ) m nol,r$arn{r;o vdrtpm {Ca.St}, to
uno0er66e6 v*tprc {ifaaSe0r), m 6{rvo 0ardr8aq v&rpro (NaHSOi, o Oeulcdq
o{8{po€ (FeSOa}x.u^
Anopfxpuvoq tr1q p*?'uopf.wq6 p&qaq. l"I 4orcmfi curri atpopd aite sflTv
erorcagd rar unoprirpuvoq n16 Foluop*vqq p&iog rou e8*potq tl orrlv dvrlqoq
rat ene(epyaofa tou poluopfvor rlsatog (pr*tp a*d *eat technol.ogies)
Ilaplopr.cp6g x{r,r, aacp6voraqg qq pohopdvrlg 6xtao4g Agopf strov
xeptopropd StGSoary ?qq pfrwvoqq os peyul$tepq 6rraor1. Me rep'qr€g
raruoran66, dna:E ps (clveg neprnprotrr*vqE ttiiponspctlr4raq (slurry walls),
Kooyrivag ran!€vre?foerDv Kl,n. eivur 6uvatdq o repmptop.dg tou pinou row* otqv
eodo rou erpdoav or u$poii8olopx*q cw0flreg Kor Tl 6rctuor1 rq6 prlnrt'oqg to
ernrp6ruow.
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3,3.2 flt0uvfg rrqy€S C(llD rrll Crrr(Vl) orrlv rreprog{Or lrr$o,v*q qyfq prri*uvoqq nnd lpdrpm rrrw undyeiov vepdrv qq euprrrtptlE St*,xpivowar oe
guomdq xar r*grqrf4 r1 av$pcrxrolevstq.
a) tfronxdqqyi,E
Xa 6,n ugopir e-tl.4 Etnrcd; n Ng 6norE nporfirter cn6 feorfqprxd Arl'crws rqq Eup6,qq r(Dv
FORECS (Forum of Furape** Geological Surveys) o oaotoq SXer {611 $rlpoareucei oto Eu8{nruo
), L6yro uw m[qpsvov asyr{s\4gbo'errw rou Xpopicu nou
anuworJv at* efid,gq rqq Tl XC$pui pog, o.ro pe*yul"rirepa r1:{p{r rqg, Sa pnoporSoe va
Tgpurr4proret aq " yrb pa xto yttoptou"
Etu e$&ry1 Kot $?u narpdupotu nig eupfzeprlg *epioflq uv6ra,rpfpovroE or tptiorx*q ?ny€q Xpc)lrifl)
ewoni{owor ora Srtlgopu ogro}.t0rrft nerprbpara (O) noo copeppd}..Iovuar ouvt${r}q g.era$ rov
Kpqa$rrdw aoBeorol"i$rr:v (K5a.ft)rat rov onoxer!*vs.trv *qroh0rrdoiv Frddlv t'1 erriv TpuSrxo-
Iottpuo-ucdrv aoBec'coli8cv. 'l'a nerpdlgata outd 6pilq Bpionowm orq nopup&q rar 6p.r mq
orw{ repw;{ evdiu<pfpor"ro_c rou Aournod norcponl.
0) Ttyvtldq- avfipanroynel; tdeg phna.voqq
!'l mporrpq napffi rou Aqconoi) nsp),,uppftver peral,l,atrnr6q xa,r 6),X"eq proprqgovrx6q
iipuotqpr6rrpq or onoieg aaorelorx 8wqtrrfq sorieq ptravoq{ lptopiou, vrxeliori xar fl}"ov
pstdi.l,rov. Ag aqtrreirr:Osi 6n rur* rqv naporiou epeuva ryuv aS*vurq q 8erypamhqryiu mr6 q
otw{ ptopryguvrrrl (<inq Orvcqt}rrov - Orvorlg Tw rrl Erepetvrlcnl Kor rfioronoiqorl rug6v
prmydva:r' e6'nd0v i,6yrr: rror,r 1p{oecw Trlg, Tou t$rorcclotarcof rcs8es'rdilro6 xfit 146 onouoiaq
oqpefal eleygou.
Ilporalei enio'r1q svrfncon{ Ko1 q safl)o[il e{aoOevo{:,q xar o}"rxot lpolpiou oe Eefipnrc rou
ndpOqruv an0 to [te$npr"rgrp^r.vo xst Edooopd rar vepd rou Aamnsr] (fP96, IP98, fP121 rcr
fP122). Awi$eru 1)VqI6q ouyx*.rpdooer{ ilpco}.r{ou xotayp*EqKaff srTlv erpmreprl naplo1rl rnq
Auii6aq reit uxoLouOorlv oi :r.epio16g exatfpco0ev rot AaoaarS 6c,r6 qv ruprkaprl reprol.{ tou
Opc'rnon3 ro0rb-c Kfil t twpw#l vorroovoxol,txd cou Aoarzorl fa4 rqv neptofl rqv euprireorl
neprofl qq Aullovog. Au(qpfveg trpreg nuparrlp{0qrav KG1 atrl 7ed:npqotl I-107 t1 orcoiu
ppioxr-tcr nl"qai,ov 46 raiqg rou Acramo0 $drpera tou AT. 8rr:p*- Knrbwv rofrou
rn0avo),oysirui 6rr or oufrlpfr.'eg npeE Tg.popiou ?rou napar4priOqxav sivor arorf,l,eopa
npoqyorlpevrav prnmnrdv mrppftwrov f1 eoncbv pfravaqg rou 6w radmrl Ewat6 va
emarlpavQofv rc4v nuporSce avsTy$)pr<rrrx{ €peuvc.
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napaunia der6otrrxdov nuprxy6vtCIv 6roq rcr o(ei$ra ror' lrfiTywioo (MnOi ofprpo:va F€ rtlv
avrt0paoq l.
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Knt ro1) Suvapmoi'r o{er$ocwuyrrrytlg E& tl.pipn 23), or o{erfi*rxvc.yrrryrx$q orwOflr:q rau
flnKp&ro$v o"rfl rrdTflo vspd sul'sorh/ rr1 oru06glrqro ror) rpl.o'Ssvo*q ?g)op{ou tC{HOhGd)
xut Cr(HO)2*1 ror 6p rou e{naflevo,r'4. 0{et6oavoyr*ytr6.; or**dreq ilvoIKeg yro rq {pusu{{
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I?2 rsr f2?. Xaq ysrrnpqo'er4 aurdq 6prog 6av mruypdgrpc napouoio Xpoltliou ctOwdv i"t$a:
anouaiaq npunoyevdov nqydov Ksrrqq X{xpq?"{q CIuyxfvrparorlq a{ar$ian' rot p*yyavicru"
Eais'tg q Xpiaq rou yeCIplprrorl powdLou "PHHEEQC" parkhurst, and Appelo, 1999) yto rI
6epefv'qoq rqq srot1€urpsrptaq {speciationJ ro}v 8raqdprr:v rswrrdrv xscflor&ae$v trsu
woF.6vowo1, $€ pd$4 ra ororlaio trw plprxdov ayal,foeov ?roCI rpoy!.rssonanl$riruv, 6$et{e 6n o
8efiaqE ropeo;ro{r {sa*ratinn indac) o}€ npog eov mpolor"rofq (4,e{6u roCI lroyysviou) eivnr
rhrrwa aprvqrrrdg yeyov66 rou osqycf cnqv ercfpqaq *n q nopor.roio roD rnvFKs'Kprpirucu
nerpdtpatoE 8ev avapfvsrar orilv nepu1{ 6pzuva6. Iwendrq or suTKswpCocetq grcopiou nou
ra,tuyp*grlrav rrr4r*rut 6tr oc4v mLeroryqgio rouE aivat anocfXcopn ptrno,vfurirv *csrdrv. H
6d0eo1 Btopqlavrrdiv uroplfpaw oe yerorp{rsq Kor oprlrypsrs rl.r1o{ov xu,r eirudg rqg
propqlonnffi {6vrlq, 0eropalrar no[6 rr0avq
Iu 6ur06trrHfi c'totx€{s xs} o sfesud neoqoro}rdpoc sp!.Opoc Tsa}rp6os{rlv*Eery$flro?',ryt{og ofil
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58
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ratavd,l$fi1 apoa&opi{etal a*6 cxvrixateq <ruyrcevrprrroerq oprop.dvrrlv avigymrorv ni*rrov,
ogyawxd:v orr:n'ilv, tpnrorxoxqprxd*v xur &Mrov nup*irfrpcrv. Or ":rfipflpetpm$q" aur6q ttp€q
rc0dlq rc,r nw$ertrmdq" pfylsreq trpfg orrpcewp,daecov rueprypdrpoirrar uvcf,ixrxo oco rq61ov
ESvx6 rcar Euporuutx6 fuoprx6 nl,n{oro (OEK 630136-4-2007 xar 986/B/18-6-2A0T Kae6q
enioqg Kfl,l of, npo$rayputp6E rcou Dnofistrvfoyrol und appo6touq Su0veig ogyavropotlq {WHO.
EPA)
Ot Serypctolrly{eq rar ;gqprcdg nro?r{raarq nou 6ywuv oqv nopc,rioc dperxo repropiaqxav crn6
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Aar6 n6 avcXrloeq aou 6ymrv, tc, f,nore1,6o$fl?c cov o?roi{ov ovaypdgowar }re'rlrop^qp66'otcuq
flfuore; .4 xat 5 aparf*rer 6cl os opxerfg rcepurrCooer4' ctv]4r(sb,rpfooeq auyrcerp4rf,valv
$poplprrdrv ruapa;r.frpcov ra0rororlv nol],s sn6 rn stry(sKprpsvs 6eiypnto 1116 arattil"hqful yttr
mr0prirnrvq ratavdlooq. Ot aupapr;rprxfq ror cr ev$enenrcdq nirfg mo'u xa,0torotlv ru vapri aur&
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rora?tlql.drrya Fe ptiaq trJv ncpurcrrdr4ra rouvepof o'e p^fual),n Kfil l1yooto*. , ,. ..,,
.Avst€era und qv fpfi{nl rou vepor5 yrc uvOpdrnwrl rcntw6},rDoll, oe 6Tr aep''qp&i.,dq auprhtpq
y*alpyrrrl rrrypqorl ;6av un&py"our,, 0eopoOerqp*va 6prn romX.1.nl,6rrtffi {h ,rolorrr4'
se tfffi''' ''i"\';,1;''"'i '-'
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laparqprocrxd. rcnr vepor) yrcr Ertirpopeg yeogprf€ Xp{oer€ apapaterierur orrrlpanxd yrc
trpdlrn gop6 tov nepao;revo aubvu sr&crqpwu(f1 op*Sa und tov Richards (1954). "Errorc,
pettr$i c1)"lnlv, ro 06pa unuol6lqos xor nfLr ro Are0vq OpyavropdI'ecoffi6 xar T'pogfprw tou
OIIE (I'ood and Agricultare Organization\ o oruoirog eaavql0e pe ve6reprl Sqlr,osfuoq rarv Ayers
and Westcot (1985, 1994) p.s 06prr rq "nor&rqra zou vepc'ri an1 yeory,uiu" {W*ter qua.lity .for
agriculture, http://wt+4u,fW.pretDoCREP/003/702348ft0234$0.HTbfi oqv onots
a{mluycbvrar G1r pdvo yeropyrrc€g ypi]oerq,rou vrpoli a},?,'* xai Krqvorpo{ptKdg lprioerg.
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gorori ro$iu6 en[oqc KU,r rc-]v aoroard;v 1fipilKTqpls"md:v rou aplieirmo0 vepo$ ooc rar tcDv
rpuorxrirv K{n pl1cvlricbv ypp*r:rqpranrrirv tou e6&goug- , .
Eqv aaporloa rcnpdrypaqo a$oloysirur 11 rcoral.Lql,6qtu. rou vsp*ii fipDeuoq-c ae 6a o.gopa tov
riv8wo ckirtooqq xsr sl,Kai,tc*s1q €irv siiagdrv, or eainroorlg a:r$ Er*qopa p6ruX,Xa rtn
q6vooror;geia xar 11 7gpr1o4 rorl orrlv rcrqvotporpta.
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mra?no'sov mo e(edrreupdvo Ernypuppa Richards (1954), ro onoio a{n2'oTaitat q $XdGTl
p€ro60 rou 6eircrq rcpoopdgqoqg vazp{ar": ft SAR, Kor rq€ qlsrrprrflq uyctyqrdrqcag tou vepotS
lgr{pa 24). A.:r6 ro Xfiro 24 mpoxriar* 6rt 'ru neprrr<r6repa vepu eivur n*rr7opif{ Sl-C3,
Eq?fi8q Tapt1.illiti #vl6vots a)xal"iamlq ,€oJ atyry)*ri xwfitivots c"i"d.rarqq xav r;$utprfiv"
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xrilrtvoo eil*caifttoqg rcm oyt/a6 6ra,g raA{ ury4}o$ ttwilrSvoa a}rtraat1S. To re}"fi)raio uivnt
Seiypcra riot rcriptlqrcnv rarpirrig and Territpfl<rerg ruhloicv ciq:cokrlg tol Aoamcu"
H ru'ru},l.r17l.rrpa qq /"pflqq rou opEewmof vepori, ot 6n orpapct snlv nspwKnK6'rqto tou
veporS 6r ilfun)"lCI Ko[ rlvoorotlefa, *{n?,cJeircr ps F,iotl to trs.pctxrrlpronxd, riot rq
zrpo5raypa<prig rou fltvsra 6. E0pqarvu p€ rov niv$rc{r arx6 to urdycr* vep* rqq e.uputepqq
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fi6 cvrio-rrrrxsq fiJyKc'vrprirn.tt6 scra fiivnrco 6 ru,r orryr"*cpq"rfuc, aucri. rrol) ?rnpouord{ouv
cn4'rcel'rpdro€tq otrucor"i prr*piari peTc,trinepeg and 100pg/1. Aq cqperal0et 6n ot npfg amfq efvct
wSeutnr6E rar opi(owar i6yrlt rrlg ell"raoriq yv(i)srlq yffi filv to(u<6n1rd roug $?o puni,
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npo8ruypag6q tou flivo"ra ?, ole<!6v xu0' o?uoxlr1ptu CIecopor3vrcr,r aig, xat*l'i;r1i.a pe e(uipeoq
n;pioq ca 8eiypars, rou ruapouorit{ow uryrl}Ag auryr*vtpriroerg uc,vycn"i,ou ( > 50pg/l) rut
lrrprrdv r6vr{rrv (> 1 00pg/l}.
61
Ilfvarc6 6. I{pocwdptl,tc plyrmg otTrcewprboaE ryvomorycfav mo vepd attilmortE (Ayers andWestcot, 1994j
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AI : n I}0wr1 peir*oq TrK TTspsyuryrK0r4rog or {uo e66qq {pH<5.5} qAl* $e cAnaturds66on ipH > 7.0) ro ouvrextrutvo t6v xafl(uvrr rcr cloerqr n rofxdmrd rou
ffi 0 .10 H ro[urdiqr0 cn gui6 xolri]er tuptTsru ond 12 ng/l mo "Sudan grass" ot 0O5 mglisro o0(r
H4 t J . i u H rotrxdrnro norritrsi ciro 5mer1 cno,\dxavo ui 0.05 moil cns 0cuvLlSn 6$iTpo
Cd 0.01
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n n q To[rro ce rolsTEE cn ouyrtiworiue6 ndvor ano 0.1 mgll. Triwr vc aior oudfrepo ror cArcr\ina e6aqr1
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Cu 0.20 Tollito ot aprnd rsuru o€ owKtvr[urcrrE sn6 0.1 itx .|.0 mg,']F to A$psvonotsirui os cuSireoq rsr o,\Kahxd e$fi{$n
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U 2.5Av0snrr* yn ro neplao*irpo gurd oe o'uyrewpdmq 6$( Kar 5 mgll oar\u nurlrrrbmc reogq. Tolrr6 mc emrep6oer64 oc ;o;.r4iig ouyrewgirosrg (< 0.075 mg/t).Evepyei qygAoyo pe ro B6pro
Mn 0.20 To(rxd ot opurd Eurd rre r:uyx.ewpdrc;r4 nrru norxiicuv find pepird 6exara fugusorrd mq,4 Gjii,ft ouvftSux'sr ctrvu s$8$n
Mo 0.01Mq l4xa arc euro or ouvq$e4 o'uyxevprina{ oro vepo op6{uo4q Ksl crro cdcqxx.Eivor 6pr';g mOov{ q ro{xaiqra mu oqv xrqvoipo<pic adv q (uorporpfl r4g pe uryqltqouvxEvrod;mic 6to0ioruou uoAufi&rruiou.
Ni 0.20 Toix4 oe tw n\q0a6 qur*v oe ouyrewgireq md 0.5 tr4 1.0 mgll. il ro{rxdrrlrodtttrlc auri ilsid;vsror os cudi:repu xal sixslnd s5qon.Mnopei va errlpeaoar r4v avon,uft nw qwrxtirv rundpuv o[ noif uqrflMcouyrrwfd.roe K
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_orqy!4lqlpqqtq,SnT; Anoptilaror cnorerrrogorrd cn6 ro gur6. 6ev undpXouv cnorlric o;eird pe rqv
rotx6rmd rouWV 0.10 To(x6 ss opr:ro euro sr6iln xor os xauntri( suyrewpd;serc
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62
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avrilrspoq xorr<di$rlg uEpog6poq ewdq tcov iieoysvriv rur fllsrmorcrvxdlv cno06oe<*v,
Ksr o puOurepoq rcupunrcdg uvrdg tov m;0panrc6v qplpraua'pdlv taw lprn6rKo -
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cncffidsoovrfi,r r:s c{no0€oerg erat€pal0w nig roitqg rou Aon:no6, Krrl srrl r*p*rnu
fipos-/JtFs.T1K* ae$is rou Qpc:nori K{).1 onlq Attii6rrg
Ol mrpu,ndvrr: udpog6pot opi(ovreq rpoqoilorcr5wot" o lirv avrirrepog and ro.
xst€roErSovro vepa q6 FpoXqg Kor anb rq 5i40f1oerq y.ctpapprrrirv u8ferov,
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rcrtur6prrqeg perwrytoxg snd rov tinepreips.vo rorndr0q u$pcrp6po rarv llfueio-
fll"erstoKowirrbv r(r'1pitrtw, t}taktpa 6rqv aeptopq 8utrrcd rcov Orvogrlrorv.
H poi rou oriyeno vepod orw uvdlrr;po rorxdr6q uEpogripo Sropop*,rd.rv*et txut a4
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ra6rcximti t6potpdpo. Ta vepdr nurd o'rr1 cruvfusur. orol.au$o$v fii poi rc*v 'uzSyeuov
vepdlv rou rcponrori r6pog6pou [iopeiocrvoro]"rr& npCIq qv aeptffi rrlq
Maupoaotp*}ag discro snuvrofv Kfl,l rn rrEpolrlrnxri Spya ro1) ne0iou rcov
u$poyeorprlrecrrv cqg EYAAIT, r(rl orn m:v61eu arp&}fiow warol,uc6,epo o'fiq
txptil,pupeq ru4y6q rou Kai*pou Arcrr4g
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64
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o xe on agopd orrlv Korovcpq raw nJptuv thvtav fiporarrrow ts, sr6i$u0a:
- lqv reptold Fsrutf Au),rirvcq Ay. Ooptl xur Aoaiaof n:rsvrouv vepd np*crqarrlitpogo8ocrioi {'fresh waterst'), nlorSora oe ofrruv0psKrxd r6wo, trre 1opr1},.6 s.r}voi,o6ral"c7-upsvcov al.dtrov (T$S). Avctol"rr6rcpd liar ercat6pco0ev rqq xoicriq ratrAsn:nof ta TDS cnr{dtn ma8urcd rnr o u6poplprrdq rou6 runoq trreropaivei oe; ^,
M g-HCo 3 Kfll o.€ prrtorl oSlrou vep0.
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rdvrctv.
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- Ee Bropqxuvrxfg eorieg pritav'or1q sno$i,$ovrul Ku,r or au{qprfveg rrpfq crov
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- Katuypri<pr1rccv at{r1p^sve-c aueg Srog6purv per*'iJrov Kcr rgvoo.roryeio:v dnog rookrd Kan to efaaser.'d5 yptitpt*, ro wrdao tsr o othqpoq KftL oe nepr.opropfl,eg
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KepLoTJl nlq Au?ii6cE
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.{u},i8aq tlS0ppb) rst u,ro},ou0or1v or nep:r'ytc, rxrrrfl:c':0rv rou Aooraor! €rog w1v
eap{irspq nepn14 rori f,}parncrl ru6cbg ro.r r'1 neprofi voarosvcroiuc* to'r,r Aoo:aar1
€at6 rnv ncprc'X4 rrlv eupfrepq mprofri qq Auirbvag. H orryrerprprivq xa.ruvoprl
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rou olrrcof "Xp{;:ltifir} sivcrr un't:rsteopa Brop4lavmqg piinavaqq. Au(qpeveq xrprq
g:coptou rapaqpfl0qKov Ks,r oe peinpqa'q r1 onoia Bpioremt niqoiov tr1-c roirqq
rou Aaoaof p6pero rou Ay. 8r*p6.
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ppb oe yschrprltr4 I o?Ecio pp{onerar n}4oior, .c4q roitqg rou Aeiornof Bdpnc, rou
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trq :cporiyo*p$/$6 Kur$vop€q *,}.?"ri KGl ps oarpr:iq $ruguporurflcarg. Yrgrl),sq r4rsg
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lpropfou rar *],irr.rv r5v'K*'. H ouyi<rrpqrfvq xuravopfl tou vrrcl,iotr anoteL€i
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sLrp$rep.qq propqluvncflS i{i}!rlq .rou A.ar*noil.
- {}.i,uttiE opyawcdq Avhparcaq {Toc}: H naporoic{ Kfrr rarmvop{ rou o1iro$Opywnco$ Al4para arare),af 6$t*t7 prSravsryg rul rsndyei{r}v tnprbv an6op\,s.r,ilc{E tvtitoerq" or ;rerp{os4 €ser{av uryiii*d,; npjq, dcog rur T.Smg/l oro vcp6rou Aor*no6, xo0d:q xar atrf,qpeveq rtp€q oe ysrtxprlosrd erctdpar$eu
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Ee 6n orpop0 $rqv nspouoic rpuomCov rnlycirv pr5nav'oqq orqv nepropl (orEqpovrxelroriXa
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opi{oltu6 ncu rrvcrzcrfoceror o-rqv euprirepq neprofi, ErcrofT,er rov rfv$wo vo
enrpapw0si uad Srq${aerq polr;op6vov u8&'rcov rdao rura 1r,f1ro6 rou Aoroncrir t5oo rflt
arqv "uEpaul,ucrl rarap60pu" aou uvnrmi$orr{xl Surrx* rtw Owo<pdrcov. To u6uarcd
s$r6 o$srTlpa uglararar erc;retd)ufeuorl pecor {rl:v yeorprlo€ov rrgg EYAAII orrl
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$sr' ?ispoosicoe avSdlerq prinavcrlq. €)a np*nsr vu pel,err10si dprrlq q nr$arq pe?'iov'nxq
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fia rqv rcpoo'rcoiu rou uvrrirfpot ouodlparoq Kor rou erpirrepou nepr$&1,1ovtoq yewKdrepo
xs06c Kff.lTril, rq ),IW rrov $fi,'rmec':v rur nr5e8erypsvatv' enavop0c':nrrirv pdrpoy, lapprivovrng
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6torpivovrct at pdrpa npoiqWqq rcat dty,y3tu Kor ce ryfiypappq, tpffiwlt rcdv epyo.or.rbv
:mparteprr: liLepeuvqoqt "Xd,peffiryptop0fi" rou r6ptryearloyrrcrf c'uo"rrliraroq qq:reprop16.
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raraoxeirq c(rr:reprrdrv - rmqovstfl,rcriw 6elcrpr'.v6v-
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pflroq rou rcpcrcrrori or-roaiparog nou peoo?,cpei ar6 rov Aoretc6 6toq trp naprol6q rrr:v
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r8rcrr4orarco'0 ra0eodorog Kor rrlE aaoucrilrg r,ccr*l.lql,cl u$poorlpsitriv 6erypu,to?'qtlriag'
C) opr$pdq rulv fiporslop,ivov yeanp{oecov orxtilv oe npcbr4 tp&oq 6w 0o npfner vu eivsr
pircpdtepoq rov rpuivrc (30). H uv6pu{q r{Dv ye(r)rprlosc}v su'rdov Sa rcpi:ner vu
<ftvo$effisi an6 nq rard,)Aqkq Eev,vSraroX.rlyie6 rmoyaoll vspof rat uX.rrdrv Siitt|rqoqE,
u;ro 8rrpagil:q loggings Kfl06q Ksl CI.7td owh4n.rfg 6or4rf,g YilI rI Ereperlv4c'q tarv
u8parr'),mdrv r8ror{1rarv r(ov D$po{p6pci)T oxrl,u.{t'tt.oprbv,
Tqv er,c6Leoq er,6g rcpoypdpparog otSygltwwv ytatqootetbv epYenrcbv Yto rw
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ropo1pu.oia.,; Ksl cle1slrm6q pt0d8oug.
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If flayparoAryyia rcat avdl.aoq ruv ierypd&)v Trs" rqv crvtx)'et)$rlttao, mrv rpoo8ropropd
unv oprywtedv otsottitv, roDfuigrcrruv eKeivov :lou npop),e?Eovrs.t r:-rr1v o847iet 2000/60 rar
oto rogiov 0eoprr6 n),niow r1g 2girrpaq pag (OEK 630!8126-+-2UJ7, rcuCICoq enfoq6 rur
en?*ypivcrrv opryuvrrtirv ouordtv nou avo-ypfrgovr{n orrl Sw$vr1 p$tr"royporpiu. To petpo
snra t€tgicaarst azespainlro ru enfeQlqpdvo p^n&, and tqv aviptao4 ayqithv
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