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SENTENCESTRUCTURE
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A group of words that contains a
subject and a verb and expresses a
complete thought
Sentence
He looks tired.
subject verb
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tells the action, sometimes just
links the subject with the rest of
the sentence
Verb
The car hit the pedestrian.
Action
verb
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I feel sick.
My husband is a business man.
Linking
verb
A sentence ends with a period (.), an
exclamation point (!), or a question
mark (?)
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Practice: Fragment (F) or Sentence (S)
1. ____ Billy lives in a big apartment.
2. ____ My mother breakfast every morning.
3. ____ Is incredibly delicious.4. ____ Does carol have car?
5. ____ They my cousin from Sulawesi.
S
F
F
F
S
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Practice: Fragment (F) or Sentence (S)
6. ____ You a student?
7. ____ Michael likes classical music.
8. ____ The girls play soccer after school.9. ____ Nancy and Jeannie very best friend
10. ____ I am from North Sumatra
F
S
S
F
S
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A clause
a group of words (a phrase) that contains a
subject and a verb.
ecology is a science to protect the environment
because pollution
causes cancer
after working all day
Which ones are clauses?
clauses not clauses
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Clause type
independent clause
has one SV
combination
expresses a
complete thought
can be a sentence
by itself
begins with a
subordinator
cannot be a
sentence by itself
is one of three
types: adverb
adjective or noun
dependent clause
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Subordinators
(Subordinating Conjunctions)
Clause connectors
subordinators
Reason Because, since, as
Time before, after, when, while, until, as soon
as
Contrast Although, even though, though
Condition If, whether, unless, as if
Relation Who, whom, which, whose, that
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coordinators(Coordinating Conjunctions)
Clause connectors
for
and
nor
but
or
yet
so
FAN BOYS
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Conjunctive Adverbs
Clause connectors
Time Then, immediately, meanwhile,
now, etc
Contrast However, nevertheless, yet, still,
etc
Comparison Likewise, similarly, also, again
Concession Although, of course, perhaps, and
yetDemonstration For example, in particular, in fact
Sequence First, last, next, then, finally
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Conjunctive Adverbs
Clause connectors
Result Accordingly, consequently, hence,
etc
Purpose For this reason, to this purposeConclusion Indeed, accordingly, as a result, to
sum up, in brief, in other words
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We cancelled our picnic because it rained.
Independent
Example:
dependent
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There are four kinds of sentences in
English
English
Sentences
Simple Sentences
Compound Sentences
Complex Sentences
Compound-Complex
Sentences
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a sentence that has one subject-verbcombination
(one independent clause)
A simple sentence
1. My younger sister speaks English well. (S V)
2. My father and mother speak English well. (SS V)3. My friend is a lawyer and has a good job. (S VV)
4. My husband and I speak and write English well.
(SS VV)
Sentences utilizing a compound subject,
verb, or object are still simple sentences
because they only have one clause.
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a sentence that has two or more subject-verb combination (two or more
independent clause) joint together
A compound sentence
uses one of the seven coordinatingconjunctions/coordinators
(FAN BOYS:for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so)
Each half of the sentence is equally
important to the meaning of the
sentence.
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I enjoy tennis, butI hate golf.
Examples
Both men and women should limit
the amount of fat in their diets, or
they risk getting heart disease.
Women dontsmoke as much as men
do, nor do they drink as much
alcohol.
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a sentence that contains one independent
clause and one (or more) dependent clause (s).
A complex sentence
subordinators
Reason because
Time before, after, when, while
Contrast although
Condition if
Relation Who, whom, which, whose, that
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She came to my party although she was sick.
Independent
Examples:
dependent
Men who are not married are called bachelors.
dependent
Independent
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a sentence that has two or more
independent clauses and one (or more)
dependent clause (s).
A compound-complex
sentence
I wanted to travel after I graduated from
college, but I had to go to work immediately
because I had to support my family.
Independent clause Dependent clause
I wanted to travel,
but I had to go to work
immediately
After I graduated from
college,
because I had to support
my family
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REFERENCES
Oshima, A & Hogue, A. 1999. Writing AcademicEnglish (3rd ed). New York: Longman.
Wishon, G.E. & Burks, J.M. 1980. Lets Write
English. New York: Litton Educational Publishing
Inc.
http://www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm
Go to Sentence
Structure Practice
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http://www.eslbee.com/sentences.htm