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INTERVENSI MANUAL TERAPI INTERVENSI MANUAL TERAPI CERVICAL SPINECERVICAL SPINE
OlehOlehSugijantoSugijanto
DisampaikanDisampaikan padapada: : KuliahKuliah MK MK ManualterapiManualterapi III III FakultasFakultas FisioterapiFisioterapi Univ. Univ. IndonusaIndonusa EsaEsa UnggulUnggul
Jakarta, Jakarta, JuliJuli 20072007
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TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONALTUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL
Mahasiswa memahami Intervensi pd Mahasiswa memahami Intervensi pd kasus Cervical spine dgn cara:kasus Cervical spine dgn cara:•• Mampu menjelaskan metodaMampu menjelaskan metoda--teknik dan teknik dan
dosis intervensi manualterapi kasus dosis intervensi manualterapi kasus Cervical spine Cervical spine
•• Mampu membedakan indikasi antara Mampu membedakan indikasi antara metoda dengan assessment manual metoda dengan assessment manual terapi terutama pemeriksaan khusus.terapi terutama pemeriksaan khusus.
•• MampuMampu mempraktekmempraktek intervensiintervensimanualterapimanualterapi kasuskasus Cervical spine Cervical spine
•• MampuMampu menilaimenilai tentangtentang hasilhasil intervensiintervensimanualterapimanualterapi kasuskasus Cervical spine Cervical spine
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PERTANYAAN STUDIPERTANYAAN STUDIJelaskanJelaskan indikasiindikasi intervensiintervensi metodametodamanualterapimanualterapi kaitannyakaitannya dgndgn hasilhasilassessment assessment bilabila dijumpaidijumpai patologipatologi::•• Cervical pain/neck arm pain Cervical pain/neck arm pain akibatakibat Cervical disc Cervical disc
bulging/HNP, cervical bulging/HNP, cervical spondyloarthrosisspondyloarthrosis, , MyofascialMyofascial pain, thoracic outlet syndrome, upper pain, thoracic outlet syndrome, upper thoracalthoracal spine pathology, shoulder pathology.spine pathology, shoulder pathology.
JelaskanJelaskan dandan praktekkanpraktekkan manipulasimanipulasi cervical cervical spinespineUraikanUraikan dandan praktekkanpraktekkan mobilisasimobilisasi otototot dandancontract relax stretching contract relax stretching padapadatightness/contracture cervical spinetightness/contracture cervical spineJelaskanJelaskan dandan praktekkanpraktekkan terapiterapi latihanlatihan padapadaJelaskanJelaskan dandan praktekkanpraktekkan pengukuranpengukuran hasilhasilpadapada intervensiintervensi
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MASSAGE MASSAGE DiterapkanDiterapkan pd depressor TMJ:pd depressor TMJ:•• M. M. MasseterMasseter•• M. M. TemporalisTemporalis•• Mm. Mm. PterigoideusPterigoideus
OtotOtot--otototot elevator TMJ:elevator TMJ:•• M. M. DigastricusDigastricus•• M. M. StyloideusStyloideus•• M. M. MilohyoideusMilohyoideus•• M. M. GeniohyoideusGeniohyoideus•• M. M. InfrahyoideusInfrahyoideus
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INTERVENSI MT :INTERVENSI MT :MOBILISASI OTOT TMJ MOBILISASI OTOT TMJ dandan
CERVICAL SPINE CERVICAL SPINE MANUAL STRETCHINGMANUAL STRETCHING•• PereganganPeregangan otototot langsunglangsung scrscr
manual individualmanual individual..•• Pd Pd otototot besarbesar: : FiksasiFiksasi dekatdekat origoorigo
dandan insersioinsersio, , reganganregangan transversal transversal tengahtengah otototot..
•• Manual transverse stretching / Manual transverse stretching / manual longitudinal stretchingmanual longitudinal stretching
•• KasusKasus myofascialmyofascial painpain
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TRANSVERSE FRICTIONTRANSVERSE FRICTION
•• GGerusanerusan ibuibu jarijari atauatau jarijari tangantangan•• TujuanTujuan: :
MengurangiMengurangi nyerinyeri; ; MeningkatkanMeningkatkan sirkulasisirkulasi; ; MelepasMelepas abnormal cross links abnormal cross links antaraantara cells cells otototot..
•• GerusanGerusan menyilangmenyilang jarijari tegaktegak luruslurus..
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MOBILISASI OTOT CERVICAL MOBILISASI OTOT CERVICAL SPINESPINE
MUSCLE CONTRACT RELAX MUSCLE CONTRACT RELAX STRETCHINGSTRETCHING•• MetodaMetoda V. V. JandaJanda atauatau contract contract
relax PNF relax PNF pereganganperegangan ototototmemanfaatkanmemanfaatkan post post exitatoryexitatoryrelaxation reflex.relaxation reflex.
•• PosisiPosisi sub stretched + deep breath sub stretched + deep breath + isometric + isometric contrcontr 6 6 dtkdtk
•• Expiration + stretching 9 Expiration + stretching 9 dtkdtk
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Upper Upper parapara cervical musclescervical muscles
TranversTranvers stretching pd stretching pd otototot bawahbawah occyputoccyput dgndgnibuibu jarijari atauatau jarijari--jarijari..
FleksiFleksi pasifpasif sendisendi atlantoatlantooccypitalisoccypitalis bersamaanbersamaantraksitraksi pd pd occyputoccyput dandandorongandorongan pd pd mandibulaemandibulae..
Contract relax stretchingContract relax stretching
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Upper Upper trapeziustrapezius musclemuscle
Pd Pd posturpostur neck protracted neck protracted atauataudeviation deviation →→ hypertonehypertone →→myosismyosis →→ myofascialmyofascial trigger trigger point.point.Longitudinal stretching dg Longitudinal stretching dg keduakedua tangantanganTranversTranvers stretching dg stretching dg keduakeduatangantangan..TranversTranvers friction.friction.Contract relax stretchingContract relax stretching
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cervical rotator musclescervical rotator musclesNocisensoric spasm reflex / psychologic stress →hypertone/spasm -tightness. Pd spondyloarthrosis cervRelaxing massageContract relax stretching.Torticolis: Sternocleidomastoideus + traction.
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LevatorLevator scapular mscapular m
Sering tegang/memendek, myofascial pain atau tendinitis. Tranvers friction.Contract relax stretching,
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MyofascialMyofascial pain pain parapara vertebral vertebral muscle muscle thoracalthoracal spinespine
Ischemic Ischemic techgniquetechgnique: : kompresikompresi lokallokal >8>8””Transverse manual Transverse manual stretchingstretchingLongitudinal manual Longitudinal manual stretchingstretching
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SupraspinatusSupraspinatus mm•• PosisiPosisi AddAdd--Internal rot Internal rot penuhpenuh lenganlengan
bawahbawah belakangbelakang punggungpunggung..
InfraspinatusInfraspinatus m. m. •• PosisiPosisi SphynxSphynx, friction , friction tuberculumtuberculum minus minus
araharah craniocranio--caudal.caudal.
SubscapularisSubscapularis m. m. •• PosisiPosisi netralnetral sedikitsedikit external external rotasirotasi, ,
friction medial friction medial tuberculumtuberculum minusminus
Long head Biceps mLong head Biceps m•• Friction Friction sulcussulcus bicipitalisbicipitalis sambilsambil grkgrk
externalexternal--internal rotinternal rot
Bursa Bursa subdeltoideasubdeltoidea•• PosisiPosisi lenganlengan ekstensiekstensi, friction pd inferior , friction pd inferior
acromionacromion..
TRANSVERSE FRICTION
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JOINT MOBILIZATIONJOINT MOBILIZATIONGLENOHUMERAL JOINTGLENOHUMERAL JOINT
Traction in MLPPTraction in MLPP•• PosisiPosisi bonnet, traction bonnet, traction keke laterallateral•• Oscillated traction Oscillated traction →→ pain pain
release & release & awalawal mobilisasimobilisasi
Longitudinal tractionLongitudinal traction•• PosisiPosisi netralnetral, , araharah kaudalkaudal•• Oscillated traction Oscillated traction →→ pain pain
release & release & patologipatologi surahumeralsurahumeral
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
MOBILISASI SEGMENTAL C0-1Posisi head flexion (atlanto occypitalis) traksi occyput dantranslasi kearahdorsocranial.
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
MOBILISASI SEGMENTAL C1-2
• Posisi netral: head traction kmd rotation dankembali posisi semula
• Mendorong transverse proc atlas ke rotation.
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
MOBILISASI SEGMENTAL CMOBILISASI SEGMENTAL C22--33, , CC33--44, C, C44--55, C, C55--66, C, C66--77 dandan CC77--ThTh11..• Lateral flexion dg mendorong
transverse proc arah contra lat.
• Rotation dg mendorongtransverse proc arah rotasibersama head-neck rotation
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
MOBILISASI SEGM UPPER MOBILISASI SEGM UPPER THORACAL SPINE THORACAL SPINE INDIKASI:INDIKASI:•• PACVP PACVP padapada spinousspinousproc proc vertvert. . ThoracalisThoracalisybsybs..
•• UtamakanUtamakan apex apex kyphosiskyphosis
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
MOBILISASI MOBILISASI
COSTOVERTEBRALCOSTOVERTEBRAL--
TRANSVERSAL 1TRANSVERSAL 1-- 44
•• MendorongMendorong costacosta 1 1 kecaudalkecaudal
•• MendorongMendorong costacosta 2 2 -- 4 4 keke
ventroventro laterolatero caudal.caudal.
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MTCERVICAL TRACTIONCERVICAL TRACTIONINDIKASI:INDIKASI:•• ManualManual
SeluruhSeluruh cervical spinecervical spineSegmentalSegmental
•• DenganDengan alatalatPosisiPosisi lordosislordosis sudutsudut traksitraksiluruslurus : : utkutk disc problemdisc problemPosisiPosisi fleksifleksi sudutsudut traksitraksitertentutertentu : : utkutk facet problemfacet problemPosisiPosisi fleksifleksi lateral lateral sudutsuduttraksitraksi tertentutertentu utkutk uncinateuncinatejoint.joint.
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MTGAPPING MANIPULATION LOWER CERVICAL FACET• Posisi cervical rotation
homolat, lateral flexion contralat dan flexion
• Manipulasi denganmendorong transverse proc kearah rotation homolat.
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
GAPPING GAPPING MANIPULATION MANIPULATION THORACAL FACETTHORACAL FACET•• Lateral Lateral posteroanteriorposteroanterior
pressure pressure diaplikasikandiaplikasikanpadapada transverse proc transverse proc ybsybs..
•• UtkUtk capsular / capsular / ligamentairligamentair stretchingstretching
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
NELSON TRACTIONNELSON TRACTION•• Sand back pd Sand back pd spinousspinous proc proc
upper upper thoracalthoracal..•• ManipulasiManipulasi dgndgn menarikmenarik
bahubahu pasienpasien dandanmendorongmendorong sand bag sand bag keventralkeventral. .
•• UtkUtk minimal capsular minimal capsular patternpattern
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
TERAPI LATIHANTERAPI LATIHAN•• POSTURAL CORRECTIONPOSTURAL CORRECTION
PosisiPosisi neck retractionneck retraction
•• STABILIZATIONSTABILIZATIONPd Pd posisiposisi terkoreksiterkoreksi
•• MOBILISATIONMOBILISATIONMobilisasiMobilisasi cervical cervical hatihati--hatihatiDlmDlm full ROM full ROM kecualikecuali extension.extension.
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
STABILISASI PASIFSTABILISASI PASIF•• Neck collar : soft, Neck collar : soft,
semi rigid semi rigid atauatau rigid.rigid.
STABILISASI AKTIFSTABILISASI AKTIF•• Neck stabilizing Neck stabilizing
exerciseexercise
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TAPPING & BRACINGTAPPING & BRACING
PadaPada kasuskasus scoliosisscoliosisKyphosisKyphosisHyper Hyper lordosislordosis
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TerapiTerapi latihanlatihan cervical spinecervical spine
LatihanLatihan•• Postural correctionPostural correction•• Isometric contractionIsometric contraction•• StretchingStretching
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TerapiTerapi latihanlatihan thoracalthoracal spinespine
LatihanLatihan•• Postural correctionPostural correction•• StretchingStretching•• MobilizationMobilization
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MOBILIZATION EXERCISEMOBILIZATION EXERCISESHOULDER JOINTSHOULDER JOINT
•• CODMANNCODMANN’’S PENDULAR S PENDULAR EXERCISEEXERCISE
•• OVERHEAD PULLEY EXC OVERHEAD PULLEY EXC FINGE LADDER, ETC.FINGE LADDER, ETC.
STABILIZING EXCSTABILIZING EXC•• PNFPNF•• BUGNET BUGNET •• DLLDLL
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INTERVENSI MTINTERVENSI MT
PROPER NECK MECHANICPROPER NECK MECHANIC•• PosisiPosisi berdiriberdiri, , dudukduduk dandan
bekerjabekerja•• PenempatanPenempatan alatalat kerjakerja ygyg
tepattepat•• PenyesuaianPenyesuaian kacamatakacamata
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EVALUATIONEVALUATION
INPUT REEVALUALITIONINPUT REEVALUALITION•• ReevaluasiReevaluasi data data dandan hasilhasil
assessmentassessment
PROCESS REEVALUATIONPROCESS REEVALUATION•• ReevaluasiReevaluasi metodametoda dandan
teknikteknik intervensiintervensi
OUTPUT REEVALUATIONOUTPUT REEVALUATION•• ReevaluasiReevaluasi hasilhasil intervensiintervensi
dengandengan instrument instrument pengukuranpengukuran
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INSTRUMENTINSTRUMENTNYERI (VAS, VRS, VDS, NYERI (VAS, VRS, VDS, dlldll))ROM (ROM (GoniometerGoniometer, tip , tip measure), MOBILITY measure), MOBILITY (elasticity) , END FEEL (elasticity) , END FEEL (quality)(quality)STABILISATION STABILISATION MUSCLE PERFORMANCE (MMT, MUSCLE PERFORMANCE (MMT, HHD, HHD, SpygmomanometerSpygmomanometer))MUSCLE TONE MUSCLE TONE ((myotonometermyotonometer), LENGTH (tip ), LENGTH (tip measure)measure)
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MEKANISME NYERI NECK ARMMEKANISME NYERI NECK ARM
Nyeri leher dan lengan
Cervical spine Shoulder Thoracal spine Thoracic outlet/inlet
discligament tendomusclcostovertefacet &
uncinatebursae
iritasi radix
radicularpsudoradicular
osteofitnyeri lokal/referal Inflamasi
neurovege
microsorculation
ischemic hipertone
spasm
fibrosis
contractbrachial nerve entrapment
posture
muscle tightness
nerve ischemiccalcification
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NECK ARM PAINNECK ARM PAINNeck arm pain Neck arm pain seringsering dijumpaidijumpaidlmdlm klinisklinis
JenisJenis patologipatologi: : PseudoradicularPseudoradicularsec. sec. SpondyloSpondylo arthrosisarthrosis, Spasm , Spasm TorticolisTorticolis sec. disc migration, sec. disc migration, radicularradicular pain sec. disc pain sec. disc bulging/HNP, postural disorder, bulging/HNP, postural disorder, shouldershoulder--arm pain and arm pain and paresthesiaparesthesia sec. TOS, neck arm sec. TOS, neck arm pain pain sec.myofascialsec.myofascial syndrome syndrome dandan shoulder arm pain shoulder arm pain sec.suprahumeralsec.suprahumeral pathology.pathology.
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NECK ARM PAINNECK ARM PAINNyeriNyeri leherleher menyebarmenyebar keke lenganlengan..Radikuler/pseudoradikuler/lokalRadikuler/pseudoradikuler/lokal..NyeriNyeri drdr jaringanjaringan spesifikspesifik tertentutertentuoleholeh patologipatologi tertentutertentu. . DiperlukanDiperlukan KajianKajian anatomianatomiterapanterapan; ; patologipatologi morfologismorfologis/ / fungsionalfungsional; ; terampilterampil pengkajianpengkajiansistematiksistematik maupunmaupun metodametoda/ / teknikteknik interversiinterversi khususkhusus; ; dandanpengukuranpengukuran hasilhasil ygyg tepattepat..DiniDini dibatasidibatasi pd pd patologipatologi: : SpondyloSpondylo arthrosisarthrosis cervcerv, disc , disc bulging/HNP bulging/HNP cervcerv, TOS, neck , TOS, neck shoulder m. shoulder m. myofascialmyofascial pain pain dandansuprahumeralsuprahumeral pathology.pathology.
Pain problem
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SpondyloarthrosisSpondyloarthrosis cervicaliscervicalisDiawaliDiawali discosisdiscosis ((pemipihanpemipihan, , pengerasanpengerasan disc)disc)TerjadiTerjadi arthrosisarthrosis ((penipisanpenipisan, , pengerasanpengerasan hyaline cartilage hyaline cartilage dandanerosierosi facets)facets)MulaiMulai instabilitasinstabilitas →→ iritasiiritasi jar. jar. LunakLunak→→ psudoradicularpsudoradicular painpainCapsuleCapsule--ligaments ligaments contracturecontractureMuscle Muscle tight and contractedtight and contractedPembentukanPembentukan osteofitosteofit tepitepi facets facets dandan corpuscorpusPenyempitanPenyempitan foramentforamentintervertebraleintervertebraleIritasiIritasi radix radix →→ RadicularRadicular painpain
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Cervical disc migrationCervical disc migration
AkibatAkibat posisiposisi menetap/deviasimenetap/deviasiNucleusNucleus terdorongterdorong kesatukesatu sisisisi dandanterjebakterjebak tanpatanpa kerusakankerusakan annulus.annulus.Dengan/tanpaDengan/tanpa inflamasiinflamasi; Acute/chronic; Acute/chronicMuscleMuscle spasm, tightness spasm, tightness atauataucontractedcontractedLigamentLigament contracture pd std contracture pd std lanjutlanjutPosturalPostural deformitydeformityPseudo Pseudo radikulerradikuler atauatau radicularradicular
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Cervical disc bulging/HNPCervical disc bulging/HNPRusakRusak bag bag dalamdalam annulusannulusNucleus Nucleus terdorongterdorong posterior/ posterior/ posterolatposterolat kadangkadang anterioranteriorPenekananPenekanan isiisi foramentforamentintervertintervert/ / inflamasiinflamasi radix/ radix/ stenosisstenosis spinal canalspinal canalMuscle guarding spasm, tight, Muscle guarding spasm, tight, contractedcontractedFlat neck/deviation.Flat neck/deviation.IritasiIritasi radix radix →→ RadicularRadicular painpain((BrachialgiaBrachialgia))IritasiIritasi spinal spinal canalcanal→→HemiHemi/tetra /tetra parestesiaparestesia/pain /pain
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ScalenusScalenus vsvs pectoralispectoralis minor minor syndrome TOSsyndrome TOS
GanggGangg somestesia/brachialgiasomestesia/brachialgiaGejalaGejala terbalikterbalik hiperhiper abduksiabduksilenganlenganKompresi/neuropraksiaKompresi/neuropraksia posisiposisi ttttttGangguanGangguan somestesiasomestesia dandan/ / protopatikprotopatik pd pd posisiposisi vsvs menetapmenetapForward head position Forward head position vsvs girdle girdle protractedprotracted→→ pseudoradicularpseudoradicular painpain
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NeckNeck--shoulder shoulder MyofascialMyofascialpainpain
AkibatAkibat ischemic pd ischemic pd otototot, , timbultimbulinflamasiinflamasi dgndgn abnormal cross links abnormal cross links myofibrilemyofibrile--fasciafasciaDptDpt pd erector spine cervical, girdle, pd erector spine cervical, girdle, upper upper thoracalthoracalMuscle taut band /twisting Muscle taut band /twisting dgndgntrigger point trigger point Local Local dandan referred pain referred pain polapoladermatome/dermatome/--vegetative.vegetative.AllodyniaAllodynia →→ psudoradicularpsudoradicular painpain
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SUPRAHUMERAL PATHOLOGYSUPRAHUMERAL PATHOLOGY
SubdetoidSubdetoid bursitis, bursitis, tendinitistendinitis m. m. supraspinatussupraspinatus, m. , m. infraspinatusinfraspinatus, , m. m. subscapulaeissubscapulaeis dandan m. bicep m. bicep caput caput longuslongus..AktualitasAktualitas tinggitinggi →→ referred pain referred pain (C(C44))--CC55––(C(C66) )
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