IUPAC NamingPrefix+root+suffix
Branch Number of carbons
Type of Organic compound
Alkanes
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 Butane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
Pentane
Alkanes with one branchCH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH3
-
2-methyl pentane
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3
CH2-
-CH3 3-ethyl hexane
Alkanes with two branchesCH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3- -
CH3 CH3 2,3-dimethyl pentane
CH3-CH-CH-CH2-CH3CH3 CH2
CH3
- --
3-ethyl 2-methyl pentane
Alkenes
CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3Pent-2-ene
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH2Hex-1-ene
Alkenes with branches
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH=CH2CH2-CH3
-
4-ethyl Hex-1-ene
Alkenes with branches
CH3-C=CH-CH=CH2CH2-CH3
-
4-ethyl Hex-1,3-diene
AlkynesCH3-C≡CH Prop-1-yne
CH3-C≡C-CH2-CH2-CH3
Hex-2-yne
Aromatic HydrocarbonsFormula: C6H6
OR
IUPAC Name: Benzene
CH3
Methyl benzene
CH3
CH3
1,2-dimethyl benzene
CH2-CH3
CH3
1-ethyl 3-methyl benzene
Alcohols
Functional group: OHName of suffix :-ol
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH
Suffix: olRoot: ButanName:butan-1-ol
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH3OH
Suffix: olRoot: PentanName:Pentan-2-ol
1 2 3 4 5
CH3-CH-CH-CH3
OH
OH
Suffix: olRoot: ButanName:Butan-2,3-diol
CH3-CH-CH-CH3OH
CH3
Suffix: olRoot: ButanPrefix: methylName:3-methyl-2-butanol
1 2 3 4
Suffix: olRoot: ButanPrefix: cycloName:cyclobutanol
Suffix: olRoot: ButanPrefix:methylName:2-methyl cyclobutanol
EthersFunctional group:-O-
Suffix: Oxy
CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH2-CH3
Eth Prop
Smaller group goes first.
Ethoxy propane
Alkyl halidesFunctional groups:
F,Cl,Br,ISuffix:Fluoro,chloro,bromo
,iodo
CH3-CH2-CH2-Cl3 2 1
1-chloro propane
CH3-CH-CH2-ClCl
3 2 1
1,2-dichloro propane
Chlorocyclobutane
Chlorocyclopentane
1,3-dichlorocyclopentane
1,-bromo-3-methylcyclohexene
AldehydesFunctional group: =O
Suffix: al
CH3-CH2-CH
=O
Propanal
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH
=O
CH3
5 4 3 2 1
4-methyl pentanal
3-ethyl heptanal
KetonesFunctional group: =O
Suffix: one
CH3-C-CH3
=O
2-Propanone
Carboxylic acids
Functional group: -COOHSuffix:-oic acid
CH3-CH2-C-OH
=
O
Propanoic acid
CH3-CH-CH2-C-OHCH3
=O
3-methyl butanoic acid
Esters
Functional group: -COO-Suffix:Oate
CH3-CH2-C-O-CH3
=
O
Methyl propanoate
H-C-O-CH2-CH3
=
O
Ethyl methanoate
Amines
Functional group:-NH2
Suffix: -amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2
Butan-1-amine
CH3-CH2-CH2-NHCH3
-
N-methyl-propan-1-amine
Functional group:-C-NH2
Suffix: -amide
Amides
=O
CH3-CH2-CH2-C-NH2
=O
Butanamide
CH3-CH2-C-NH=O
CH3
-
N-methyl propanamide