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J-PARC Heavy ion programand
related topics
K. Ozawa (KEK)
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Tokyo
ECT*
10000km
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J-PARC
Tokyo
150km
Tsukuba Univ.
KEK
Narita
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J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex)
J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex)
Tokai, JapanTokai, Japan
MR30 GeV Synchrotron
400 MeV LinacRCS
3 GeV Synchrotron
Material and Life Science Facility
Neutrino Experimental Facility
Hadron Hall60m x 56m
Hadron Experimental Facility
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30 GeV Accelerator & Hadron Experimental Facility
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30GeV proton Accelerator
Branch Point from Acc. to Hadron
Transfer Line from Acc. to Hadron
Hadron Experimental Facility
Current Production target for secondary beams
New Beamline (under construction)
North Side
South Side
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Hadron Experimental Facility
K1.8BR
KL
K1.8
K1.1High-p
COMET
Name Species Energy IntensityK1.8 p±, K± < 2.0 GeV/c ~105 Hz for K+
K1.8BR p±, K± < 1.0 GeV/c ~ 104 Hz for K+
K1.1 p±, K± < 1.1 GeV/c ~ 104 Hz for K+
High-pproton 30GeV ~ 1010 Hz
Unseparated < 20GeV/c ~ 108 Hz
03/Dec/2015
Under Construction
Production Target
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New Beam LineConstruction of New Beam Line is proposed as a high priority plan of the lab. Characteristics of the beam line is following.
Primary Proton Beam (30GeV), 1010 per spillHigh Momentum un-separated secondary beam (< 20GeV/c), 108 per spillPrimary Proton Beam (8GeV) for COMET
The new beam line will be operated in 2017.
PhysicsVector mesons in nucleus Charmed Baryon and hadron structuremu-e conversion (COMET)
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New Beam Line
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New Beam Line – Physics Program
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Primary Proton Beam
pA reactionVector meson spectra via Di-electron measurements*
Secondary Beam
pA reactionExclusive measurementsResonance StudyCharmed Baryon
Heavy Ion Beam
AA reactionVector meson in high density matter
* Details will be presented by K. Aoki on Friday
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High momentum secondary beam
• New beam line will be used as a high momentum secondary beam line which delivers un-separated secondary beam.
• Main component is p mesons• K mesons and protons are also contained
• Physics• Di-lepton measurements• Charmed baryon spectroscopy
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Measurements of Vector mesons• Mass spectra of vector mesons in finite temperature or
density matter have essential information.• However, dynamics of reactions always causes model
dependent issues. • I proposed a new experiment to measure mass spectra
of vector mesons in nucleus with an exclusive condition to minimize such difficulties.
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p+A r/ + p+X
e+e-
p
/r w e+
p
e-Elementary Reaction:
p+ + n (in A) /r w + pWe can measure
p (beam), /r w (decays), emitted proton (Forward spectrometer)The reaction dynamics can be identified by these measurements.
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w at rest • In addition, when we choose a momentum of the incident
beam carefully, we can generate w mesons “at rest”.• Note: Due to a Fermi motion and experimental effects, w
mesons still have small momentum.
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• Elementary reaction• p+ + n (in A) /r w + p
• Forward emitted proton carries momentum of incident beam and generated w meson has small momentum
• We can measure mass spectra in nucleus at “p0”.
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Other physics examples• Precise measurements of resonance
effects• HADES pointed out that Nucleon
resonance states have a significant role in e+e- mass spectrum in r mass region
• In addition, relatively high momentum p beam can probe a structure of N*
• /r w interference and mass modification
• M.F.M. Lutz, B. Friman, M. Soyeur calculated effects of r/w interference on di-lepton mass spectra
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Nucl. Phys, A713(2003), 97
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J-PARC HI Project
MRRCSHI booster
HI LINAC
U35+
20.0MeV/uU55+→U66+
19.86→67.0MeV/u
U86+
62.34→735.21MeV/u
U66+→U86+
67.0→62.34MeV/u
U86+→U92+
735.21→727.0MeV/u
U92+
727.0Mev/u→11.15GeV/u
(30GeV@p)
stripping
stripping strippingstripping
U35+→U55+
20.0→19.86MeV/u
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Acceleration Scheme for Uranium case(Proposed by H. Harada, J-PARC)
New LINAC and Booster for HI must be constructed.
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J-PARC Heavy Ion specification
“High Enegy” Program (30 GeV MR)• Ion species
• p, Si, Ar, Cu, Xe, Au(Pb), U• Also light ions for hypernuclei• Maximum baryon density in U+U
• Beam energy• 1 - 11 AGeV(U, )• 19 AGeV(U, ) for 50GeV
• Rate• 1010-1011 ions per cycle (~a few sec)
14
“Low energy” program (Linac) for unstable nuclei research
• Ion species– Ne, Ar, Fe, Ni, Kr, Xe,…,U
• Beam energy– 1 - 10 AMeV (U)
• Beam current– 10-30 pmA– 10ms, 25Hz
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r/r0
Calculated by JAM model, Y. Nara, Phys. Rev. C61,024901(1999)
Physics• Study of High Density Matter
– Strange meson and baryons – Event-by-event fluctuations – Two particle correlations (YN, YY correlations in high baryon density)– flow (related to EOS?)– Di-leptons (di-electron and di-muon)
• Vector meson mass spectra
• Hadron Physics– Hypernuclei– Exotic hadrons
• L(1405)• Dibaryon (H-dibaryon, WN, DD,…)• Kaonic nucleus (K-pp,…)
– Charm• J/y, D, charmed baryons
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Onset of QGP
Search for critical point
Properties ofDense matter
K. Ozawa
20AGeV case
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Beam Energy Consideration• Currently, main ring of J-PARC has a beam energy of
30GeV for a proton acceleration.• It is the same as SIS100/FAIR.
• For HI, 11AGeV, • Original designed energy of the ring is 50GeV for proton
• For HI, 19AGeV,
• Original designed energy should be recovered• Highest density expected at
• Randrup, PRC74(2006)047901• Significant increasing of charm production cross section• Seamless connection to SPS/RHIC BES
• New power supply is required
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High Intensity Beam for rare probes
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Charm
DileptonHypernuclei
AGS
Ref: HSD calculations in FAIR Baseline Technical Report (Mar 2006)A. Andronic, PLB697 (2011) 203
To collect a significant statistics for rare probes, High intensity beam is required.
Beam : 1010 Hz0.1% target Interaction rate 107 HzCentrality trigger 1% DAQ rate = 100kHz
In 1 month experiment:, ,r w fee 107-109
D,J/ Y 105-106 (20AGeV) (103 -104(10AGeV))Hypernuclei 105 -1010
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Experimental challenges• High rate capability
– Fast detectors• Silicon trackers, GEM trackers, …
– Extremely fast DAQ trigger-less DAQ • >= 100kHz
• High granularity– Pixel size < 3x3mm2 (at 1m from the target, q<2deg, 10% occupancy)
• Large acceptance (~4p)– Coverage for low beam energies
• Up to , even for 19AGeV beam
– Maximum multiplicity for e-b-e fluctuations– Backward physics (target fragment region)
• Electron measurement– Field free region for RICH close to the target
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Troidal Magnet Spectrometer
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ToroidalBeam View
RICH
Muon Tracker
19
HCAL
EMCAL
Toroid coils
Better Bf uniformityWith larger numberOf coilsWith 12 coilsVariations ~+-20%
Coils = insensitivearea
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3.2m HCALEMCAL
ZCALBeam
RICH
4m
Muon Tracker
Toroidal
R=1m
Top View
20
Toroid
0.25m
0.5m
1.4m
5m
0.65
m
0.66m0.4m
1.90m0.9m
0.2m
TOF
SVD
ZCAL
CentralityMC + ZCAL
Multiplicitycounter
C5F12 radiatorp<3.4GeV/c
e-p separation
EMCAL (e, gID) PbWO4, 15X0
m – p separation
p>1.5 GeV/c Fe absorbers + Trackersp<0.8 GeV/c
4m TOF with 30ps p=0.8-1.5GeV/c
RICH (Aerogel)
HCAL (n ID) Pb-scintillator, 4lint
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GEM trackers
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Spectrometer performance
• Acceptance >= 78 %• p/K separation 2.5GeV/c (2.5s)
Assuming TOF resolution of 50 ps
21
Forward trackers
Acceptance = 77.5% Acceptance = 95.0%
U+U at 10AGeV/c with JAM + GEANT4• Assumption for simplicity
– Half-spherical toroidal shape– Uniform Bf field– Dead area due to coils is not implemented
H. Sako, B.C. Kim
p+ p
y ym2 (GeV/c2)
p/Z
(GeV
/c)
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Simulated di-electron spectrum(preliminary)
22
Based on p0 spectra of JAM Other hadrons mT-scaled
b<1fm (0.25% centrality)Momentum resolution 2%Electron efficiency 50%(No detector response)1011 events⇔100k events/sx 1 month running
eisolation = rejection efficiency of close opening angle Dalitz pair
Calculations by T. Gunji and T. Sakaguchi
fw
r
p0
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Solenoid+Dipole setup
K. Ozawa
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Summary• New beam line is under construction. The beam line will
provide following beams– Primary Proton for pA experiment– Secondary produced beam for pA experiment– Heavy Ion Beam for AA experiment
• Exclusive measurements of vector meson mass spectra is planned using a secondary beam.
• Future Heavy ion program at J-PARC is under discussion. We should think about High Intensity Beam for Rare probes and Beam Energy upgrade
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Back up
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Key components• High resolution of the beam momentum
measurements using a dispersive focal plane method.• Dp/p ~ 0.12%
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• Small extraction angle to maximize a beam intensity.
Spectrometer
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Production target & extraction
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Using beam swingers, extraction angle of 0 degree can be achieved.
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Secondary beam intensity
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Reaction and Beam momentum
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Stopped w meson
g g
gp
w p0
n
p-A + n+X
p0g
2ppm
As a result of KEK-E325,9% mass decreasing (70 MeV/c2) can be expected. To generate stopped modified w meson, beam momentum is ~ 1.8 GeV/c. (K1.8 will be used.)Focus on pw < 100 MeV/c
Generate w meson using p- + p.- Decay of w meson is detected.- Emitted neutron is detected at 0.
If p momentum is chosen carefully, momentum transfer will be ~ 0.
w m
om
entu
m [
GeV
/c]
0.2
0.4
0 2 4p momentum [GeV/c]
0
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HCAL
ZCAL
Beam
RICH
4m
Muon Tracker
R=1m
SideView
29
Toroidal coil
1.3m
0.5m
5m0.66m0.4m
1.90m
6.36m
0.2m
4.15mB=2Tgap=0.65BL=1.3Tm
Forwardtrackers
Troidaltrackers
Barreltrackers
0.65
m
EMCAL
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Heavy-ion programs in the world
30
Accelerator Type Beam energy(AGeV)
C.M. energy√s(AGeV)
Beam rate /Luminosity
Interaction rate (sec-1)
Years of experiments
RHIC Beam Energy Scan(BNL)
Collider 7.7-62 1026-1027cm-2s-1
(√s=20AGeV)600~6000 (√s=20AGeV)
2004-20102018-2019(e-cooling)
NICA(JINR)
Collider
Fixed target
0.6-4.5 4-11
1.9-2.4
1027 cm-2s-1
(√s=9AGeVAu+Au)
~6000 2019-
2017- FAIR SIS100(CBM)
Fixed target
2-11(Au) 2-4.7 1.5x1010 cycle-1
(10s cycle,U92+)105-107
(detector)2021-
J-PARC Fixed target
1-19(U) 1.9-6.2 1010-1011 cycle-1
(~6s cycle)107-108 ?(0.1% target)
?
ReferencesRHIC: A. Fedotov, LEReC Review, 2013FAIR: FAIR Baseline Technical Review, C. Strum, INPC2013, Firenze, Italy; S. Seddik, FAIRNESS-2013, C. Hoehne, CPOD2014 NICA : A. Kovalenko, Joint US-CERN-Japan-Russia Accelerator School, Shizuoka, Japan, 2013, A. Sorin, CPOD2014
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