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Origin
- Indus River Valley
Civilization
- Foundation of the present
form of Jainism isestimated to be between
900 and 700 BCE
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Tirthankaras
- Appears in the world toguide people on their wayto moksha (liberation)
- A prophet
- Not an incarnation of agod
- An ordinary person
- Becomes a tirthankarathrough intense practicesof penance, equanimity,and meditation.
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Tirthankaras
- They are not the the founders of the religion.
- Tirthankaras teach the basic Jain philosophies.
- Each new tirthankara makes subtle differencesto the Jain philosophies make sure that they fittheir current age and culture.
- Svetambra Jains believe that women can betirthankaras and that one of the tirthankarasstarted out as a princess.
- However, Digambra Jains believe that womencannot be tirthankaras
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Tirthankaras
Adinatha, Ajita, Sambhava, Abhinandana, Sumati,
Padmaprabha, Suparshva, Chandraprabha,Suvidhi, Shital, Shreyansa, Vasupujya, Vimala,
Ananta, Dharma, Shanti, Kunthu, Ara, Malli, MuniSuvrata, Nami, Nemi, Parshva and Mahavira.
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Mahavira
- Most recenttirthankara
- Last tirthankara in this
age
- The man who gaveJainism its presentform
- Established thecurrent central tenetsof Jainism.
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Mahavira- Born in 599 BCE as prince Vardhamana, son of King
Siddhartha and Queen Trishala
- At the age of thirty, he left the royal palace to becomean ascetic (someone who renounces all worldlypleasures and comforts).
- After twelve and a half years of meditation and fasting,he reached Kevalnyan (enlightenment) and becameknown as Mahavira.
- Mahavira taught the path to enlightenment to others forthe rest of his life.
- He established a very large Jain community before hisdeath.
- However, Jainism started losing its influence with thegrowth of Hinduism.
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Beliefs
- Ahimsa (non-violence) is the the most
important part of Jainism.
- Jains try to live in such a way that their
soul doesnt accumulate karma and
to get rid of the karma it already has.
- Jains minimize karma by following a
disciplined life path.
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The Three Jewels
- Achieving liberation of the soul is
done by living by the Three Jewels of
Jainism:
1. Samyak Darshana (RightFaith/Perception)
2. Samyak Jnana (Right Knowledge)
3. Samyak Charitra (Richt Conduct)
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The Five Vows
- The Five Vows or abstinences must be followedto achieve the last of the Three Jewels, RightConduct.
1. Ahimsa (non-violence)
2. Satya (truthfulness)
3. Asteya (not stealing)
4. Aparigraha (non-acquisition
5. Brahmacarya (chaste living)
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Fasting
- Jains fast to purify their body and mind.
- Reminds Jains of the importance of asceticism
and renunciation.
- Not eating is insufficient, a Jain must stop
wanting to eat, otherwise the fast has no point.
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Pilgrimage
- There is no obligatory pilgrimage in the Jain religion.
- On a pilgrimage Jains live like a Jain monk or nuntaking on the lifestyle of an ascetic.
- They visit temples or other locations that are placesthat are associated with the lives of any tirthankara.
ShatrunjayaHill