Download - K2-L12 Lecture Notes
G12.1 – 아 / 어서 (sequential)
• Same grammar as – 아 / 어서 (because) but different meaning
• Expresses cause-and-effect or two sequential, related events
• No past tense in the clause, just the final verb or adjective.
- 고 vs. - 아 / 어서1. 기숙사에 가서 숙제했어요 . I went to the dormitory and did my homework (there).
2. 기숙사에 가고 숙제했어요 . I went to the dormitory and did my homework.
#1 implies that you went to the dormitory with the intention of doing your homework there.
#2 seems as going to the dorm and doing homework are two unrelated actions.
Examples
1. 편지를 써서 부쳤어요 .This sentence does not mean that you
mailed the letter because you wrote it. It
means you wrote the letter then you mailed.
2. a. 선물을 사서 친구한테 줬어요 . O
b. 선물을 사고 친구한테 줬어요 . X
1. 한국에 가서 한국어를 배울 거예요 .This means that you are going to Korea then learn Korean. It does not mean you learn Korean because youwent to Korea.
2. 친구하고 카페에서 만나고 공원에 갔어요 .You met your friend at a café and you went to the park (by yourself or with someone else).
3. 친구하고 카페에서 만나서 공원에 갔어요 .You met your friend at a café then went to the park. It implies that you met at the café for the purpose of going tothe park.
G12.2 VS + 겠어요 (conjecture)
• Used to express the speaker’s guess or conjecture “it must be…”
• Can be used to make conjecture about the past with 았 / 었겠어요
• 알겠어요 and 모르겠어요 are used for extra politeness
G12.3 - 네요
• Sentence ending expressing speaker’s spontaneous reaction (surprise, admiration, or sympathy)
• VS or AS + 네요
• Past tense 았 / 었네요
Examples
1. A: 오늘 새 옷 샀어요 .
B: 어 , 너무 예쁘네요 !
2. 어 , 밖에 비가 오네요 .
3. A: 지금 사전 있어요 ?
B: 네 , 있어요 . 어 , 가방 안에 없네요 .
G12.4 Irregular predicates in -ㅎ
• Some verbs or adjectives with stem ending - ㅎ drop the final consonant ㅎ before a vowel
• Most of these are demonstrative adjectives 이렇다 / 그렇다 / 저렇다 (to be this/that way) or colors 빨갛다 / 까맣다 /하얗다 / 파랗다 / 노랗다
Colors ( 색 / 색깔 )
Dictionary form
Color
noun
Noun-
modifying
Polite
Informal
Polite Informal
Hon
Formal/
Deferential
노랗다노랑 /
노란색노란 노래요 노라세요 노랗습니다
하얗다하양 /
하얀색하얀 하얘요 하야세요 하얗습니다
까맣다까망 /
까만색까만 까매요 까마세요 까맣습니다
빨갛다빨강 /
빨간색빨간 빨개요 빨가세요 빨갛습니다
파랗다파랑 /
파란색파란 파래요 파라세요 파랗습니다
Demonstrative Adjectives
Dictionary form
Noun-
modifying
Polite
InformalPolite Informal
HonFormal/
Deferential
이렇다(to be this
way)이런 이래요 이러세요 이렇습니다
그렇다(To be that (your) way)
그런 그래요 그러세요 그렇습니다
저렇다(To be that
way)저런 저래요 저러세요 저렇습니다
어떻다(To be how)
어떤 어때요 어떠세요 어떻습니다
G12.5 Noun ModificationPast Tense: VS + 은 / ㄴ
• All the noun modification forms learned so far are present tense
• ReviewVerb: - 다 + 는가는 차 , 공부하는 사람Adjective: - 다 + 은 / ㄴ좋은 책 , 편리한 가방
• Review sheet on ETUDES NG