Download - Kimia Teknik 06
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Engineering Chemistry
14/15 Fall semester
Instructor: Rama OktavianEmail: [email protected] Hr.: M.13-15, Tu. 13-15, W. 13-15, Th. 13-15, F. 09-11
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Polimer
Bahan/produk polimer adalah segala bahan atau produk kimia baik yang terbentuk secara proses alamiah di alam maupun secara sintetik dengan proses polimerisasi dari migas.
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Polimer
Klasifikasi:
1. Berdasarkan sumber/asalnya: alami dan sintetik
2. Gugus fungsi monomernya: poliamida, poliester,
polisulfida, dll.
3. Struktur molekulnya: linear, bercabang, bertaut-silang
amorf, kristalin
homopolimer,
heteropolimer/kopolimer
4. Sifatnya terhadap kalor: termoplastik dan termoset
5. Mekanisme sintesisnya: adisi dan kondensasi
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Polimer
Homopolimer: polimer yang dibuat dari 1 jenis monomer.
AAAAA AAAAA
AA
AA
AAAAA
AAAAA
Kopolimer/heteropolimer: campuran > 1 jenis monomer.
linear bercabang taut-silang
ABABAB AABABBA AAAAABBBB AAAAAAA
BBBBBB
berseling acak blok cangkok (graft)
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Polimer
Latin : Poli = Banyak Meros = Bagian
Molekul kecil Molekul raksasa
Monomer (monos = satu)
Polimer
Contoh
Kantong plastikPiringan hitamparalon
Panci anti lengket
Politetra Fluoro Etilena (TEFLON)
Polivinil Klorida (PVC)
Polietilena
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Polymerisasi
1.Tahap inisisasi
2.Tahap propagasi
3.Tahap terminasi
Reaksi polimerisasi
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Polymerisasi
Tahap inisiasi
H2C H2C C C
H H
H H
80 - 90 oC
± 23 kg/cm2
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Polymerization
Tahap propagasi
Reaksi antara radikal bebas dengan monomer
C C
H H
H H
H2C H2C80 - 90 oC
± 23 kg/cm2+ = C C
H H
H H
CC
H
HH
H
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Polymerization
Tahap terminasi
Penggabungan monomer – monomer
C C
H H
H H
+80 - 90 oC
± 23 kg/cm2C C
H H
H H
C C
H H
H H
CC
H
HH
H
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Polimer
Sumber : Alami : Pati, Selulosa, Protein, Lipid, Asam Nukleat, dsb Sintetik : Polietilena, Polivinil Klorida, dsb
Cara Pembuatan Polimer Adisi Polimer Kondensasi
Reaksi terhadap Kalor Polimer Termoplastik Bila dipanaskan melunak dan dapat dibentuk dengan bantuan tekanan Polimer Termoset
Dapat dilebur dalam pembuatannya tapi menjadi keras selamanya tidak melunak dan tidak dapat dicetak ulang
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Polimer
Polimerisasi AdisiMonomer mengadisi monomer lain sehingga produk polimer mengandung semua atom yang ada pada monomer awal
C CH
H H
HC C
H
H H
H+...... + + ...... C C C C C
H H H H
H H H H H
H
Etilena Polietilena
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Polimer
H2C CH
CH3 C C
CH3
H
H
H
n
Poli-Propilena
H2C CH
C C
H
H
H
n
Poli-Stirena
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Polimer
H2C CH
Cl C C
Cl
H
H
H
n
F2C CF2 C C
F
F
F
F
n
H2C CH
CN C C
CN
H
H
H
n
Polivinil Klorida
Teflon
Poliakrilo Nitril
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Polimer
’Plastik’Polietilena Rapatan tinggi Rapatan rendah
Polietilena rapatan tinggi Lebih kaku Kotak radio, TV Lebih kuat Mainan anak
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PolimerPolietilena rapatan rendah
Setengah kaku Bening Titik leleh rendah
Contoh :
Kantong plastik Wadah makanan Instalasi pada kabel listrik
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ElastromerBukan cuma sifat kekerasan dan kekakuan yang diinginkan dari polimer
Diperlukan Kelenturan dan ElastisitasPolimer karet alam
H2C C
CH3
CH
CH2n C C
CH2
H3C
H2C
H n
Dapat menggulung, memuntir, dan saling jalin dengan rantai lainnya
Isoprena
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Vulkanisasi
Proses pengikat – silangan rantai hidrokarbon dengan atom-atom Belerang (S)
Karet tervulkanisasi
Lebih keras Lebih kuat
Cocok untuk ban mobil
S S S
S
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Karet sintetis
H2C C
Cl
CH
CH2nC C
CH2
Cl
H2C
H n
KopolimerisasiCampuran dua monomer membentuk polimer yang rantai utamanya mengndung kedua jenis polimer
Karet SBR = Koplimerisasi Stirena 25 % dan Butadiena 75 %Molekul SBR
Polikloroprena (Neoprena)
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Karet sintetis
Molekul SBR
C C
CH2
H
H2C
CH
H2C
H
H2C
C C
H2C
HH
Unit Butadiena
Unit Butadiena
Unit Stirena
Lebih tahan terhadap oksidasi dan abrasi dibandingkan karet alam tapi sifat mekanis kurang memuaskan
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Kegunaan senyawa polimer
Polyethylene
Kegunaan Polietilena :
sebagai bahan pembuat kantong plastik, botol plastik dan film.
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Kegunaan senyawa polimer
Polypropylene
polypropylene is a valuable polymer and is used as
plastic for making pipes, ropes, fibres, etc
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Polypropylene
Polypropylene recent status and technology
Methanol-to-Propylene Technology
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Polymer industry
Polymer industry in Indonesia
Petrochemicals are chemical products derived from petroleum and other hydrocarbon sources.
Polymers are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. Polymer consists of combination of monomer
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Polymer industry
Polymer industry in Indonesia
There are mainly six polymer product comodities
1. Polyethylene2. Polypropylene3. Polyvinyl chloride4. Polyethylene terephthalate5. Polystyrene6. Polycarbonate
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Polymer industry
Polymer industry in Indonesia
Amoco Mitsui PTA Ind PTProducts: Purified Teraphthalic Acid
Asahimas Chemical PTProducts: polyvinyl chloride
Chandra Asri PTProducts: LLDPE, HDPE, Polypropylene
Dover Chemical PTProducts: Polyvenil Acetate
DOW Chemical Pacific Ltd PTProducts: Polysterene
Mitsubishi Chemical Indonesia PTProducts: PET Resin
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Polymer industry
Polymer industry in Indonesia
Pacific Indomas Plastic Ind (PIPI) PTProducts: Polystrene
Polypet Karya Persada PTProducts: Poly Ethilene Terapthalic (PET)
Polyprima Karya Reksa PTProducts: Pure Terepthalic Acid (PTA)
Standar Toyo Polymer PTProducts: PVC Resin Homo Polymer
TITAN Petrokimia Nusantara PTProducts: Polyethylene