Download - Kuliah farmako
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PENDAHULUAN
FARMAKOLOGI
dr. Dita Hasni, M.Biomed
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setiap bahan kimia atau zat biologis,
sintetik atau non-sintetik
yang mempengaruhi kondisi biologis
sel didalam makhluk hidup
•Diagnosis
•Pencegahan penyakit
•Pengobatan (treatment)
•Menentukan prognosis
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Overview
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Farmakokinetik
Farmakodinamik
Hubungan Dosis-efek Obat
Interaksi Obat
Topik pembahasan
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Pharmacokinetics
Movement of drugs in the body
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion
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Drug administration
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Pharmacokinetics
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Bioavailabilitas
mempengaruhi daya terapeutik,
aktivitas klinik, dan aktivitas toksik obat.
Kecepatan dan Jumlah
zat aktif obat yang
diserap dari bentuk farmaseutik dan
tersedia di tempat kerja nya.plasma
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Time (hour)
10
20
30
40
1 2 3 4
m.s.c
Therapeutic level
Low therapy
Drug toxicity
m.e.c
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Parameter yang digunakan
untuk menentukan
bioavailabilitas obat
T max
C max
Area dibawah Kurva
(AUC)
waktu yang
diperlukan untuk
mencapai kadar
puncak kadar puncak/tertinggi
obat dalam darah
sesungguhnya
Diperoleh dari
hubungan
konsentrasi obat
dalam plasma
dengan waktu
Memberikan ukuran jumlah
obat yang diserap
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Grafik kadar obat-waktu pada
berbagai rute pemberian obat
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Drug Time Course
Time Course Studies important for
predicting dosages/dosing intervals
maintaining therapeutic levels
determining time to elimination
Elimination Half-Life
time required for drug blood levels to be reduced by 50%
Approx. 6 half-lives to eliminate drug from body
With repeated regular interval dosing, steady-state
concentration reached in approx. 6 x half-life
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Pharmacodinamic
The study of the action and effects of
medications on physiologic function
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How drug act ?
Paul Ehrlich :
Corpora non agunt nisi fixata
A drug will not work
Unless it is bound
Kecuali : - osmotic diuretic- osmotic purgatives- antasida- heavy metal chelating agents
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Drug-Receptor Interactions
Drug
Receptor
Effect
Drug-Receptor
Complex
Ligand-binding
domain
Effector domain
Pharmacodynamics
• Number of drug’s receptor
• Receptor affinity
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DOSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
The intensity and duration of a drug’s effects
are a function of the drug dose and
drug concentration at the effect site
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Dose EffectEffect site
Concentration
Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excreation
Tissue/organ sensitivity
(receptor status)
DOSE EFFECT RELATIONSHIP
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TD50 : the dose of the drug that produces
a toxic effect in half the population
ED50: the dose of the drug that produces
a therapeutic or desired response in half the population
LD50: the dose of the drug that produces
a lethal effect in half of animal experiments
Definition of the dose
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Interaksi Obat
Interaksi fisikokimia
Interaksi farmakokinetik
Interaksifarmakodinamik
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TERIMAKASIH