Download - Kỹ năng làm slide by Sue mc-connell
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Giving an effective presentation:Using Powerpoint and structuring a scientific
talk
Susan McConnellDepartment of Biological Sciences
Stanford University
Thuyết trình tốt: Sử dụng Powerpoint và cấu trúc một bài nói khoa học
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We may not be experts at public speaking, but we are all experts at
listening to talks
Chúng ta có thể ko là diễn giả nhưng chúng ta sẵn sàng lắng nghe để giao tiếp
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What do you want from a talk?
Bạn muốn gì từ buổi nói chuyện?
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Here are some of the things many listeners
want from a talk:CONTENT- Nội dung Conveys new inf ormation thông tin mới Poses an interesting question câu hỏi thú vị Conveys how people in other fields think Truyền đạt ra sao cho người ngoài lĩnh vực Describes important ideas Môt tả các ý tưởng quan trọng Novel discovery Khám phá câu chuyện
CLARITY AND ORGANIZATION Cấu trúc và calrity Understandable Có thể hiểu được Avoids jargon Tránh biệt ngữ Uses clear and simple visual aids Sử dụng phương tiện trực quan, đơn giản rõ ràng Well organized Tổ chức tốt Enables me to catch up if I space out Cho phép tôi tìm đc nếu tôi “lạc” Doesn’t run over time Không quá thời gian
STYLE AND DELIVERY Phong cách thuyết trình Keeps me awake Giữ tôi tỉnh táo Varies voice Giọng nói khác nhau Conveys enthusiasm Nhiệt tình truyền đạt Doesn’t stay in one place Không đứng một chỗ Friendly and approachable Thân thiện và gần gũi
EXPERTISE Giám định Credible Đáng tin I nspires trust and confidence Củng cố niềm tin và sự tự tin Answers questions clearly Trả lời câu hỏi rõ ràng
Một vài điều thính giả mong muốn từ bài nói:
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This presentation focuses solely on ways of using Powerpoint and organizing a talk to
achieve:Slide này chỉ tập trung vào cách sử dụng Powerpoint và sắp xếp bài nói cho tốtCONTENT- Nội dung Conveys new inf ormation thông tin mới Poses an interesting question câu hỏi thú vị Conveys how people in other fields think Truyền đạt ra sao cho người ngoài lĩnh vực Describes important ideas Môt tả các ý tưởng quan trọng Novel discovery Khám phá câu chuyện
CLARITY AND ORGANIZATION Cấu trúc và calrity Understandable Có thể hiểu được Avoids jargon Tránh biệt ngữ Uses clear and simple visual aids Sử dụng phương tiện trực quan, đơn giản rõ ràng Well organized Tổ chức tốt Enables me to catch up if I space out Cho phép tôi tìm đc nếu tôi “lạc” Doesn’t run over time Không quá thời gian
STYLE AND DELIVERY Phong cách thuyết trình Keeps me awake Giữ tôi tỉnh táo Varies voice Giọng nói khác nhau Conveys enthusiasm Nhiệt tình truyền đạt Doesn’t stay in one place Không đứng một chỗ Friendly and approachable Thân thiện và gần gũi
EXPERTISE Giám định Credible Đáng tin I nspires trust and confidence Củng cố niềm tin và sự tự tin Answers questions clearly Trả lời câu hỏi rõ ràng
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What do you think of the following slide?
Bạn nghĩ gì về slide tiếp sau?
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Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in MDCK cells:
-RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in MDCK cells 24 hours after transfection with P-SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1 plasmid; knockdown confirmed on the right with antibodies to EMK1.
- Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on collagen I before being overlaid with additional collagen on the apical surface, analyzed 24 h later. Note the lack of lumen in EMK1-KO cultures.
- Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated in low Ca medium 24 h upon transfection with pSUPER or pSUPER-KO. After 12 h, cultures were switched to normal medium for 24 h. Transmission EM of cells sectioned perpendicular to the substratum shows lack of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.
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Is this better?
Thế này có tốt hơn không?
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Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in MDCK cells
Not much.Không nhiều
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Powerpoint basics:PP cơ bản
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
1, Font chữ sử dụng
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font: This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans. This font is Trebuchet.
1, Font chữ sử dụngSans Serif font:
Arial.
Comic Sans. Trebuchet.
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font: This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans. This font is Trebuchet.
Serif fonts take longer to read…Serif fonts tốn thời gian để đọc
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
Use a Sans Serif font: This font is Arial.
This font is Comic Sans. This font is Trebuchet.
Serif fonts take longer to read… This font is Times New Roman.
This font is Courier.
This font is Didot.
Serif fonts tốn thời gian để đọc
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
Some fonts look super in boldface: Arial vs. Arial bold
Comic Sans vs. Comic Sans bold
Trebuchet vs. Trebuchet bold
Một vài font chữ ở dạng in đậm:
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
Cỡ chữ nên là 18 hoặc lớn hơn:
Type size should be 18 points or larger:18 point20 point
24 point
28 point
36 point* References can be in 14 point font
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Powerpoint basics:1. What font to use
AVOID USING ALL CAPITAL LETTERS BECAUSE IT’S REALLY HARD TO READ!TRÁNH DÙNG TẤT CẢ CÁC CHỮ ĐỀULÀ
IN HOA VÌ NÓ KHÓ ĐỌC
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color – Màu sắc
Dark letters against a light background work.Chữ tối tương phản với nền sáng
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color
Light letters against a dark background also work.
Chữ sáng tương phản nền tối
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color
Many experts feel that a dark blue or black background works best for talks in a large
room.Nhiều người thấy rằng màu xanh dương đậm
hoặc nền đen là tốt cho phòng lớn.
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color
Dark letters against a light background are best for smaller rooms and for teaching.
Và chữ tối và nền sáng là tốt nhất cho phòng nhỏ và giảng dạy.
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color
Avoid red-green combinations because a large fraction of the human population is red-green
colorblind.Tránh xanh – đỏ kết hợp vì nhiều người mù màu đỏ
xanh.
Lots of people can’t read this –and even if they could, it makes your eyes hurt.
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color
Other color combinations can be equally bad.Một vài kết hợp màu khác cũng tệ
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Powerpoint basics:2. Color
View your slides in grayscale to ensure that there is adequate color contrast in each slide.
Một vài kết hợp màu khác cũng tệ
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
Every slide should have a heading.
Sentences are preferred if it’s possibleto make a statement.
Bố cục
Mỗi slide nên có một tiêu đềCác câu tốt hơn là để dạng khẳng định nếu có thể
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
Limit text blocks to no more than two lines each.
Giới hạn chữ trong khung không quá hai dòng
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
The reason for limiting text blocks to two lines is that when the text block goes on and on forever, people in the audience are going to have to make a huge effort to read the text, which will preclude them from paying attention to what you are saying. Every time you lose their focus, your presentation suffers!Vì khán giả sẽ phân tán để đọc chữ và mất tập trung vào
những gì bạn nói, và rất dễ bị xáo trộn tập trung.
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
Lists should contain no more than 3 items:
• Item 1• Item 2• Item 3
Danh sách nên ngắn gọn, không quá 3 gạch đầu dòng
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
It is often effective to “unveil” your list one by one:
• Item 1• Item 2• Item 3
Và tốt hơn là để hiện ra từng cái một
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
Avoid sublists!
• Item 1- Item 1a- Item 1b- Item 1c
• Item 2 - Item 2a - Item 2b• Item 3
Cũng tránh các gạch đầu dòng nhỏ hơn quá chi tiết
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
Be generous with empty space.
Thoải mái hơn cho những khoảng trống hợp lý
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Powerpoint basics:3. Layout
If you try to cram too much into a slide, and place things too close to the sides, they can get cut off if you’re using a poor projector. In any case, the slide looks all cluttered and junky.Nếu một slide bị nhồi nhét quá nhiều, có thể
nó sẽ bị xáo trộn khi đi với máy chiếu không phù hợp, và lúc đó mọi thứ sẽ bị lung tung
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Try your best to include asimple image on every slide.
Phong cách
Thử làm tốt nhất để có một hình ảnh đơn giản cho mỗi slide
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Limit the number of items on each slide.
Each slide should make just one or two points!Giới hạn số đơn vị mỗi slide
Mỗi slide nên làm chỉ một hoặc hai điểm chính
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
This is just too much.
Arrrgh!
Quá nhiều!
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Here is a simple rule for showing figures and images:
If you’re not going to take the timeto explain it, get rid of it.
Đây là một nguyên tắc đơn giản cho trình bày số liệu và hình ảnh
Nếu không có thời gian để giải thích nó thì bỏ nó đi
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Avoid fancy transitions between slidesunless you have a good reason.
Tránh việc chuyển đổi kết nối giữa các slide trừ khi bạn có mục đích rõ ràng
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Here is a sensible use of a “wipe” transition:Một ví dụ cho sự chuyển
tiếp có mục đích
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Here is a sensible use of a “wipe” transition:
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Powerpoint basics:4. Style
Don’t try to show too many slides.
Often, less is more.
Đừng có cố show quá nhiều sildes, thường ít tốt hơn
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It’s very easy to use Powerpoint really badlyRất dễ để lạm dụng PP một cách bừa
bãi
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Emk1 knockdown inhibits lumen formation in MDCK cells:
-RT-PCR: EMK1 is effectively knocked down in MDCK cells 24 hours after transfection with P-SUPER (control) or P-SUPER-siEMK1 plasmid; knockdown confirmed on the right with antibodies to EMK1.
- Collagen overlay assay: cells cultured 24 h on collagen I before being overlaid with additional collagen on the apical surface, analyzed 24 h later. Note the lack of lumen in EMK1-KO cultures.
- Ca switch: control or EMK1-KO cells were plated in low Ca medium 24 h upon transfection with pSUPER or pSUPER-KO. After 12 h, cultures were switched to normal medium for 24 h. Transmission EM of cells sectioned perpendicular to the substratum shows lack of microvilli in EMK1-KO cells.
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It takes some work and forethoughtto use Powerpoint well
Và cũng cần phải có suy nghĩ trước để sử dụng nó tốt
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It takes some work and forethoughtto use Powerpoint well
Let’s break down the previous slide into its minimum essential
components
Giờ thì chia cái slide lúc trước thành những thành phần nhỏ nhất cần thiết
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RT-PCRWestern
MDCK (kidney)cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down inMDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods
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RT-PCRWestern
MDCK cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down inMDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods
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MDCK cells form a lumenfollowing a change in extracellular [Ca++ ]
gp135 -catenin ZO-1
Side view of lumen
MDCK cells
Surface view from lumen
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MDCK cells form a lumenfollowing a change in extracellular [Ca++ ]
gp135 -catenin ZO-1
Surface view from lumen
Side view of lumen
MDCK cells
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gp135
Lumen formation is blockedin EMK1 knockdown cells
-catenin ZO-1
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown
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EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown
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EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown
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The structure of a good talk: start broad, get specific, and end broad
Cấu trúc tốt của một bài nói: Mở đầu, điểm nhấn nổi bật, và kết thúc
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The structure of a good talk: start broad, get specific, and end broad
Start with the biggest questions and get progressively more specific
Bắt đầu với câu hỏi lớn nhất và ngày càng đi vào cụ thể hơn
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A powerful tool in a talk is a “home slide”
Design and introduce a “home slide” that you’ll come back to at each major transition in your
talk.
Công cụ tốt là “home slide”Thiết kế và giới thiệu một “home slide” mà bạn sẽ trở lại mỗi khi bạn chuyển ý chính
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A powerful tool in a talk is a “home slide”
Now we’ll build an introduction and a home slide that puts the previous data into context.
Nào chúng ta sẽ xây dựng một mở đầu và một home slide và đưa nhưng slide trước vào trong nội dung
![Page 56: Kỹ năng làm slide by Sue mc-connell](https://reader036.vdocuments.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58714f061a28ab55588b760f/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Our bodies are full of tubes
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Our bodies are full of tubes
digestive enzymesIntestine
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How do cells become polarized and form a lumen?
digestive enzymesIntestine
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MDCK cells are a model system for apolarized cell type (from the kidney)
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MDCK cells are a model system for apolarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins
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MDCK cells are a model system for apolarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins centrosome
![Page 62: Kỹ năng làm slide by Sue mc-connell](https://reader036.vdocuments.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58714f061a28ab55588b760f/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
MDCK cells are a model system for apolarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins centrosome
tight junctions
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MDCK cells are a model system for apolarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins
microtubules
centrosome
tight junctions
![Page 64: Kỹ năng làm slide by Sue mc-connell](https://reader036.vdocuments.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58714f061a28ab55588b760f/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
MDCK cells are a model system for apolarized cell type (from the kidney)
apical proteins
microtubulestight junctions
extracellular matrix
centrosome
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MDCK cells lose their polarity in low [Ca++]
low [Ca++]
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MDCK cells regain their polarityin normal [Ca++] and reform a lumen
normal [Ca++]
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MDCK cells regain their polarityin normal [Ca++] and reform a lumen
time
normal [Ca++]
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EMK1 (also known as Par1) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates polarity in
many cells
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EMK1 (also known as Par1) is a serine-threonine kinase that regulates polarity in
many cells
EMK1 localizes to tight junctions in MDCK cells
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Questions addressed today:
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Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential for polarizing kidney cells?
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Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential for polarizing kidney cells?
• Is EMK1 important for lumen formation?
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Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential for polarizing kidney cells?
• Is EMK1 important for lumen formation?
• How do different tissues form different types of tubes?
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The middle is the meat of the talk…
Phần giữa là thịt của bài nói
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…but talks are delivered to audienceswith limited attention spans
Audience attention curve
Nhưng liệu có thu hút nếu sự tập trung ngày càng giảm
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The middle is the meat of the talk
The middle is also the time at which the audience tends to zone
out
Thời điểm mà khán giả có xu hướng ra khỏi vùng lắng nghe
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Enabling the audience to tune back in
After going into depth, come back to your home slide to make
transitions
Sau khi đi vào sâu lại trở lại home slide để tạo sự chuyển nhịp
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Enabling the audience to tune back in
Nontechnical
Generaltechnical
Specialist
After going into depth, come back to your home slide to make
transitions
Sự chuyển nhịp: hướng đến các đối tượng không chuyên, chuyên môn tổng quát, chuyên gia
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Enabling the audience to tune back in
Nontechnical
Generaltechnical
Specialist
Let’s review “episode 1” (which we’ve already designed) and add a
home slide
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Questions addressed today:
• Is the kinase EMK1 essential for polarizing kidney cells?
• Is EMK1 important for lumen formation?
• How do different tissues form different types of tubes?
![Page 81: Kỹ năng làm slide by Sue mc-connell](https://reader036.vdocuments.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58714f061a28ab55588b760f/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
RT-PCRWestern
MDCK cells
EMK1 / Par1 can be knocked down inMDCK (kidney) cells using siRNA methods
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gp135
Lumen formation is blockedin EMK1 knockdown cells
-catenin ZO-1
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown
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EMK1 knockdown cells also fail to form microvilli
MDCK cells EMK1 knockdown
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EMK1 is required for cell polarization
Normal MDCK cells:
low [Ca++] normal [Ca++]
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EMK1 is required for cell polarization
EMK1 knockdown cells:
low [Ca++] normal [Ca++]
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Use your home slide repeatedly to build a theme over time and enable the audience to
catch up
home slide
Nontechnical
Generaltechnical
Specialist
Sử dụng home slide lặp lại để xây dựng một khung theo thời gian và người nghe có thể nắm bắt
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Over the course of the talk, you can progressively build a fairly complex model
final home slide
Nontechnical
Generaltechnical
Specialist
Qua buổi nói chuyện bạn có thể dần dần xây dựng một cấu trúc phức tạp
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EMK1 regulates microtubules andcell polarity in two steps
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Increasing the level of EMK1 can alterthe type of lumen formed in step 2
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The structure of a good talk: start broad, get specific, and end broad
Focus now on conclusionsTập trung vào kết luận
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Audience attention increases as you signal the end of the talk – so avoid false
endings!
Audience attention curve
Người nghe sẽ có xu hướng tập trung vào cuối bài nói, vì vậy tránh kết thúc đột ngột
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End with the most specific conclusions then build back out to the “big picture”Kết thúc với những kết luận cụ thể rồi trở lại với bức tranh tổng thể
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EMK1 regulates microtubules andcell polarity in two steps
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Increasing the level of EMK1 can alterthe type of lumen formed in step 2
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The type of lumen formed by epithelial cells varies among different tissues
digestive enzymes
Intestine Liver
bile
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EMK1 may enable cells to make differenttypes of tubes in different organs
digestive enzymes
Intestine Liver
bile
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Organizing a great talk
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Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
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Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start broad then get specific
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Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start broad then get specific
• Think of your talk as consisting of episodes
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Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start broad then get specific
• Think of your talk as consisting of episodes
• Use a home slide to make transitions effectively
![Page 102: Kỹ năng làm slide by Sue mc-connell](https://reader036.vdocuments.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062412/58714f061a28ab55588b760f/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Organizing a great talk
• Be smart about Powerpoint
• Introductions should start broad then get specific
• Think of your talk as consisting of episodes
• Use a home slide to make transitions effectively
• Conclusions should start with specifics but end broadly
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Is this all you need to knowto give a great talk?
Tất cả điều này bạn có cần để làm một bài nói tốt?
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Is this all you need to knowto give a great talk?
CONTENT
Conveys new information Poses an interesting question Conveys how people in other f ields think Describes important ideas Novel discovery
CLARI TY AND ORGANI ZATION
Understandable Avoids jargon Uses clear and simple visual aids Well organized Enables me to catch up if I space out Doesn’t run over time
STYLE AND DELIVERY
Keeps me awake Varies voice Conveys enthusiasm Doesn’t stay in one place Friendly and approachable
EXPERTISE
Credible I nspires trust and conf idence Answers questions clearly
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No, but it’s a good first step!
CONTENT
Conveys new information Poses an interesting question Conveys how people in other f ields think Describes important ideas Novel discovery
CLARI TY AND ORGANI ZATION
Understandable Avoids jargon Uses clear and simple visual aids Well organized Enables me to catch up if I space out Doesn’t run over time
STYLE AND DELIVERY
Keeps me awake Varies voice Conveys enthusiasm Doesn’t stay in one place Friendly and approachable
EXPERTISE
Credible I nspires trust and conf idence Answers questions clearly
Có thể không, nhưng là bước khởi đầu tốt.
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A great resource for additional information is:
The Craft of Scientific Presentations
by Michael Alley
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Một vài nguyên tắc bổ sung
- Về hình thức: - Chữ và nền rõ ràng ( nên là 6 dòng – mỗi dòng 6 chữ)- Hình ảnh chất lượng tốt, trực quan và có ý nghĩa - Sử dụng tư liệu: đảm bảo trích dẫn rõ nguồn, dẫn
chứng hợp lý. (Tài liệu mang tính chất khoa học, hoặc dẫn chứng số liệu cần rõ nghĩa và trích dẫn rõ ràng)
- Về nội dung: Tiêu đề tốt - bố cục rõ ràng - có điểm nhấn
- Về trình bày: - Giọng đủ nghe, tròn vành rõ chữ ( tránh tiếng lóng, từ
địa phương) Nói có nhịp điệu và ngắt câu, nhấn mạnh.- Nói có sức truyền tải và thuyết phục
Dịch và ghi chú: Bomxuan868