i
PROJEK AKHIR ARSITEKTUR Periode LXXII, Semester Gasal , Tahun 2017/2018
LANDASAN TEORI DAN PROGRAM
GEDUNG PENYIARAN STASIUN TELEVISI NASIONAL ANAK DI JAKARTA
Tema Desain
Arsitektur Perilaku
Fokus Kajian
Aksesibilitas Anak Dalam Bangunan
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian persyaratan memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur
Disusun oleh:
Annisa Radita Puspita Ningtyas 13.11.0085
Dosen pembimbing :
Ir. Supriyono, MT. NIDN : 0615025701
PROGRAM STUDI ARSITEKTUR FAKULTAS ARSITEKTUR DAN DESAIN
UNIVERSITAS KATOLIK SOEGIJAPRANATA September 2017
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PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini :
Nama : Annisa Radita Puspita Ningtyas
NIM : 13.11.0085
Jurusan / Program Studi : Arsitektur
Fakultas / Program : Fakultas Arsitektur dan Desain
Menyatakan dengan sebenar-benarnya bahwa Landasan Teori dan
Program yang berjudul “Gedung Penyiaran Stasiun Televisi Nasional Anak
di Jakarta” bukan merupakan karya plagiasi.
Apabila di kemudian hari terbukti atau dapat dibuktikan bahwa dalam
Landasan Teori Program ini terkandung ciri-ciri plagiat dan bentuk-bentuk
peniruan lain yang dianggap melanggar peraturan, maka saya bersedia
menerima sanksi atas perbuatan tersebut.
Semarang 28 September 2017
Penulis,
Annisa Radita Puspita Ningtyas
NIM : 13.11.0085
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PRAKATA
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas segala limpahan rahmat, taufik
serta hidayah-Nya sehingga dapat menyelesaikan karya tulis yang berbentuk
Landasan Teori dan Program dengan judul “ Gedung Penyiaran Stasiun
Televisi Nasional Anak di Jakarta” sesuai dengan waktu.
Penyusunan Landasan Teori dan Program ini digunakan sebagai salah
satu tahap dalam menempuh Projek Akhir Arsitektur (PAA) periode LXXII
sebagai persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Arsitektur Universitas
Katolik Soegijapranata Semarang. LTP ini dapat tersusun dan terselesaikan
berkat dukungan, bantuan dan bimbingan dari berbagai pihak. Oleh karena itu,
penulis menyampaikan rasa terimakasih yang sedalam – dalamnya kepada:
1. Dra. B. Tyas Susanti MA. Ph.D, selaku Dekan Fakultas Arsitektur dan
Desain.
2. MD Nestri Kiswari ST. MSc, selaku Ketua Program Studi Arsitektur.
3. Ir. FX. Bambang S. MT, selaku Dosen Koordinator Projek Akhir Arsitektur.
4. Ir. Supriono. MT, selaku Dosen Pembimbing
5. Kerabat dan teman yang telah senantiasa memberikan doa dan bantuan.
Penulis menyadari bahwa Landasan Teori Perancangan ini masih jauh dari
kata sempurna, sehingga kiranya dapat memberikan saran dan kritik yang
sifatnya membangun agar kekurangan yang ada pada penulisan ini dapat
diperbaiki untuk penulisan selanjutnya. Akhir kata penulis berharap LTP ini
dapat berguna bagi pembaca dan penulis dapat melanjutkan PAA pada tahap
selanjutnya.
Semarang, 27 September 2017
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN............................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN ........................................................................ i
PRAKATA ................................................................................................ iv
DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................... v
DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................ viii
DAFTAR BAGAN ................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ............................................................................ 1
1.1.1. Kepentingan Mendesak (Urgency) ............................................ 2
1.1.2. Kebutuhan (Need)..................................................................... 3
1.1.3. Keterkaitan (Relevancy) ............................................................ 3
1.2. Tujuan dan Sasaran Pembahasan ............................................. 4
1.2.1. Tujuan .................................................................................... 4
1.2.2. Sasaran .................................................................................. 4
1.3. Manfaat Penulisan ...................................................................... 4
1.4. Lingkup Pembahasan ................................................................. 5
1.5. Metoda Pembahasan .................................................................. 5
1.5.1. Metoda Pengumpulan Data .................................................... 5
1.5.2. Metoda Penyusunan dan Analisis .......................................... 7
1.5.3. Metoda Pemprograman Arsitektur.......................................... 8
1.5.4. Metoda Perancangan Arsitektur ............................................. 8
1.6. Sitematika Pembahasan ........................................................... 10
BAB II METODOLOGI ............................................................................. 12
2.1. Tinjauan Umum ......................................................................... 12
2.1.1. Gambaran Umum ................................................................. 12
2.1.2. Latar Belakang – Perkembangan – Trend ............................ 15
2.1.3. Sasaran yang akan dicapai ................................................... 16
2.1.4. Manfaat yang ingin dicapai ................................................... 16
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2.2. Tinjauan Khusus ....................................................................... 18
2.2.1. Terminologi .......................................................................... 18
2.2.2. Spesifikasi Projek ................................................................. 19
2.2.3. Spesifikasi dan Persyaratan Desain ..................................... 54
2.2.4. Deskripsi Konteks Kota ........................................................ 56
2.2.5. Studi Banding Kasus Proyek Sejenis ................................... 63
2.2.6. Permasalahan Desain .......................................................... 74
2.3. Kesimpulan, batasan dan Anggapan ...................................... 75
BAB III ANALISA PENDEKATAN PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ............... 77
3.1. Analisa Pendekatan Arsitektur ................................................ 77
3.1.1. Studi Aktivitas ....................................................................... 77
3.1.2. Studi Fasilitas ....................................................................... 89
3.1.3. Studi Ruang Khusus ........................................................... 110
3.1.4. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang dan Lahan Parkir ......................... 126
3.2. Analisa Pendekatan Sistem Pembangunan .......................... 136
3.2.1. Studi Struktur ..................................................................... 136
3.2.2. Studi Sistem Enclosure Bangunan ..................................... 143
3.2.3. Studi Utilitas ....................................................................... 146
3.3. Analisa Pendekatan Konteks Lingkungan ............................ 160
3.3.1. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................... 160
3.3.2. Pemilihan Lokasi ................................................................ 162
3.3.3. Alternatif Tapak .................................................................. 167
BAB IV PROGRAM ARSITEKTUR ....................................................... 175
4.1. Konsep Program ..................................................................... 175
4.1.1. Aspek Citra ......................................................................... 175
4.1.2. Aspek Fungsi ..................................................................... 176
4.1.3. Aspek Teknologi ................................................................. 177
4.2. Tujuan Perancangan, Faktor Penentu Perancangan, Faktor
Persyaratan Perancangan ............................................................... 178
4.2.1. Tujuan Perancangan .......................................................... 178
4.2.2. Faktor Penentu Perancangan ............................................ 178
4.2.3. Faktor Persyaratan Perancangan ...................................... 179
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4.3. Program Arsitektur ................................................................. 181
4.3.1. Program Sistem Struktur dan Enclosure Bangunan ............. 181
4.3.2. Program Sistem Utilitas ...................................................... 183
4.3.3. Program Lokasi Tapak ....................................................... 185
BAB V KAJIAN TEORI ........................................................................ 193
5.1. Kajian Teori Penekanan / tema Desain ................................. 193
5.1.1. Interpretasi dan Elaborasi Penekanan Desain ................... 193
5.1.2. Arsitektur Perilaku .............................................................. 194
5.1.3. Studi Preseden ................................................................... 200
5.1.4. Kemungkinan Implementasi Teori Tema Desain ................ 202
5.2. Kajian Teori Permasalahan Dominan .................................... 212
5.2.1. Intepretasi dan Elaborasi Permasalahan Dominan ............ 213
5.2.2. Studi Preseden ................................................................... 216
5.2.3. Kemungkinan Penerapan Teori Permasalahan Desain ...... 217
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................. 221
LAMPIRAN ............................................................................................ 224
viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1. Acara Anak Laptop Si Unyil ........................................................................ 25
Gambar 2.2. Acara Dokumenter Anak Dunia Binatang ................................................... 25
Gambar 2.3. Acara Talk Show Anak ................................................................................ 26
Gambar 2.4. Acara Musik Anak ....................................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.5. Acara Quiz Show Anak ............................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.6. Acara Ketangkasan Anak ........................................................................... 28
Gambar 2.7. Acara Reality Show Anak Si Bolang ........................................................... 28
Gambar 2.8. Acara Drama Anak Hannah Montana ......................................................... 29
Gambar 2.9. Kegiatan Produksi Outdoor ......................................................................... 43
Gambar 2.10. Kegiatan Indoor Melalui Master Control Room ......................................... 44
Gambar 2.11. Ruang Studio Fleksibel ............................................................................. 44
Gambar 2.12. Master Control Room ................................................................................ 45
Gambar 2.13. Studio Dubbing Ruang Editing .................................................................. 46
Gambar 2.14. Studio Dubbing Ruang Recording ............................................................ 46
Gambar 2.15. Studio Auditorium ...................................................................................... 46
Gambar 2.16. Perpustakaan ............................................................................................ 47
Gambar 2.17. Cafe........................................................................................................... 47
Gambar 2.18. Souvenir Store .......................................................................................... 48
Gambar 2.19. Kamera Studio ........................................................................................... 51
Gambar 2.20 Jenis Kamera yang Digunakan ................................................................. 52
Gambar 2.21. Lampu Studio ........................................................................................... 52
Gambar 2.22. Lamp Switcher ......................................................................................... 52
Gambar 2.23. Layar LCD ................................................................................................ 52
Gambar 2.24. Video Switcher ......................................................................................... 53
Gambar 2.25. VTR ......................................................................................................... 53
Gambar 2.26. Sound System ........................................................................................... 53
Gambar 2.27. Telecine ................................................................................................... 54
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Gambar 2.28. Komputer edditing kit ............................................................................... 54
Gambar 2.29. Peta DKI Jakarta ....................................................................................... 57
Gambar 2.31. 25 Zona RDTR .......................................................................................... 59
Gambar 2.32. Nilai Intensitas Pada Beberapa Zona ....................................................... 60
Gambar 2.33. Kantor Trans TV ........................................................................................ 64
Gambar 2.34. Ruang – Ruang Fasilitas Utama ............................................................... 65
Gambar 2.35. Cafe Bene Trans TV ................................................................................. 65
Gambar 2.36. Master Control Room Trans TV ................................................................ 65
Gambar 2.37. Studio Berita Trans TV.............................................................................. 66
Gambar 2.38. R.Pertemuan ............................................................................................. 66
Gambar 2.39. Staff Area Trans TV .................................................................................. 66
Gambar 2.40. Staff Area Trans TV .................................................................................. 67
Gambar 2.41.Team Produser Room ................................................................................ 67
Gambar 2.42. R.Rapat Pimpinan ..................................................................................... 67
Gambar 2.43. Selasar Trans TV ...................................................................................... 70
Gambar 2.44. Selasar Trans TV ...................................................................................... 71
Gambar 2.45. Selasar Trans TV ...................................................................................... 71
Gambar 2.46.. R.Studio Serbaguna ................................................................................. 72
Gambar 2.47. Master Control Room Trans 7 .................................................................. 73
Gambar 2.53. R.Animator Trans 7 ................................................................................... 73
Gambar 3.1. Tipe Panggung Prosenium ....................................................................... 116
Gambar 3.2. Tipe Panggung Terbuka ........................................................................... 117
Gambar 3.3. Tipe Panggung Arena ............................................................................... 117
Gambar 3.4. 3 Poin Sistem Lighting .............................................................................. 119
Gambar 3.5. Jenis Lampu Soft Light ............................................................................ 120
Gambar 3.6. Saah Satu Jenis Lampu Hard Light ......................................................... 120
Gambar 3.7. Denah Penataan Lighting Grid ................................................................. 121
Gambar 3.8. Lighting Grid .............................................................................................. 121
Gambar 3.9. Denah Studio Auditorium .......................................................................... 123
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Gambar 3.10. Denah Studio Serbaguna ........................................................................ 124
Gambar 3.10. Denah Studio Serbaguna ........................................................................ 125
Gambar 3.11. Denah Studio Serbaguna ........................................................................ 126
Gambar 3.12. Pondasi Bore Pile ................................................................................... 137
Gambar 3.13. Pondasi Pancang .................................................................................... 138
Gambar 3.14. Pondasi Pancang .................................................................................... 139
Gambar 3.16. Struktur Rangka Beton ............................................................................ 139
Gambar 3.17. Struktur Rangka Baja .............................................................................. 140
Gambar 3.17. Pengecoran plat beton ............................................................................ 140
Gambar 3.18. Pengecoran plat beton ............................................................................ 141
Gambar 3.19. Precast Hollow ........................................................................................ 141
Gambar 3.20. Atap Beton .............................................................................................. 142
Gambar 3.22. Rangka Truss .......................................................................................... 142
Gambar 3.23. Lantai Karpet ........................................................................................... 143
Gambar 3.24. Lantai Keramik ........................................................................................ 143
Gambar 3.25. Lantai Marmer ......................................................................................... 143
Gambar 3.26. Bata Ringan ............................................................................................ 144
Gambar 3.27. Penerapan Cladding ............................................................................... 144
Gambar 3.28. Penerapan Partisi Ruangan .................................................................... 144
Gambar 3.29. Kusen UPVC ........................................................................................... 144
Gambar 3.30. Curtain Wall Kaca ................................................................................... 145
Gambar 3.31. Plafon Akustik ......................................................................................... 145
Gambar 3.32. Plafon Gypsumboard .............................................................................. 145
Gambar 3.33. Plafon Kalsiboard .................................................................................... 145
Gambar 3.33. Penerapan Plafon PVC Pada Ruangan .................................................. 146
Gambar 3.34. Sistem Up Feed dan Down Feed Pada Bangunan Tingkat Tinggi ......... 150
Gambar 3.34. Sistem Shaft Sampah Pada Bangunan Tingkat Tinggi .......................... 152
Gambar 3.35. Tabung APAR ......................................................................................... 153
Gambar 3.36. Pemasangan Hydrant di Pekarangan ..................................................... 154
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Gambar 3.37. Tangga Darurat Pada Bangunan ............................................................ 154
Gambar 3.39. Pintu Darurat Pada Bangunan ................................................................ 155
Gambar 3.40. Sprinkler Pada Bangunan ....................................................................... 155
Gambar 3.41. Pemanfaatan Cahaya Alami Kedalam Bangunan .................................. 156
Gambar 3.41. Pemanfaatan Cahaya Buatan Pada Studio ............................................ 158
Gambar 3.42. Elevator Barang dan Elevator Penumpang ............................................ 159
Gambar 3.46. Lokasi Tapak 1 ........................................................................................ 168
Gambar 3.47. Lokasi Tapak 1 ........................................................................................ 168
Gambar 3.48. Analisis Area Lingkungan Tapak A ......................................................... 169
Gambar 3.49. Lokasi Tapak A ...................................................................................... 170
Gambar 3.50. Lokasi Tapak B ...................................................................................... 171
Gambar 3.51. Lokasi Tapak B ...................................................................................... 171
Gambar 3.51. Analisis Area Lingkungan Tapak B ......................................................... 172
Gambar 3.52. Area Lingkungan Tapak B ...................................................................... 173
Gambar 3.53. Area Lingkungan Tapak B ...................................................................... 173
Gambar 4.1. Zonasi Tapak ............................................................................................ 185
Gambar 4.2. Analisis Area Lingkungan Tapak A ........................................................... 186
Gambar 4.3. Fasilitas Lampu Sepanjang Jalan ............................................................. 187
Gambar 4.4. Pedestrian 2m Pada Samping Tapak ....................................................... 187
Gambar 4.5. Vegetasi eksisting ..................................................................................... 188
Gambar 4.6. Pemberhentian Bus Trans Jakarta ........................................................... 188
Gambar 4.7. Analisis Luas Tapak .................................................................................. 190
Gambar 4.8. Analisis Kemiringan Kontur ....................................................................... 190
Gambar 4.9. Gambar CAD Lokasi Tapak ...................................................................... 191
Gambar 4.11. Cemara ................................................................................................... 191
Gambar 4.10. Palem Kuning .......................................................................................... 191
Gambar 4.12. Pohon Trembesi ...................................................................................... 192
Gambar 4.13 Pucuk Merah ............................................................................................ 192
Gambar 4.8. Paving Block ............................................................................................. 192
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Gambar 4.9. Rumput Gajah Mini ................................................................................... 192
Gambar 5.1. Gedung Booker Park School .................................................................... 200
Gambar 5.2. Fasilitas Booker Park School .................................................................... 201
Gambar 5.3. Kantor Pixar .............................................................................................. 201
Gambar 5.4. Interior Kantor Pixar .................................................................................. 202
Gambar 5.5. Area Library Anak ..................................................................................... 205
Gambar 5.6. Signage WC Umum .................................................................................. 206
Gambar 5.7. Penggunaan Sticker Kaca ........................................................................ 206
Gambar 5.8. Penggunaan Penutup Lantai Karpet ......................................................... 207
Gambar 5.9. Break Time Room Kids ............................................................................. 207
Gambar 5.10. Studio Anak ............................................................................................. 207
Gambar 5.11. Penggunaan Warna Dalam Interior ........................................................ 210
Gambar 5.12. Area Sitting Room ................................................................................... 210
Gambar 5.13. Area Sitting Room ................................................................................... 211
Gambar 5.14. Break Room ............................................................................................ 211
Gambar 5.15. Pencahayaan Kantor .............................................................................. 212
Gambar 5.16. Signage Space Dot Kids ......................................................................... 216
Gambar 5.17. Jenis Pintu Space Dot Kids .................................................................... 216
Gambar 5.18 Tangga dalam bangunan ......................................................................... 217
Gambar 5.18. Handling Spaces Dot KIds ...................................................................... 217
Gambar 5.20. Prabot Yang Disesuaikan Fisik Anak ...................................................... 218
Gambar 5.21. Daun Pintu .............................................................................................. 219
Gambar 5.22. Dounble Handling ................................................................................... 219
Gambar 5.23. Railing Kaca ............................................................................................ 219
Gambar 5.24. Penutup anak tangga .............................................................................. 220
Gambar 5.25. Signage Yang Menarik Perhatian Anak .................................................. 220
Gambar 5.26. Signage Yang Diaplikasikan di Lantai .................................................... 220
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Diagram 1.1. Metoda Pemprograman dan Perancangan ............................................... 10
Diagram 2.1. Proses Singkat Produksi Acara Hingga Penonton ..................................... 30
Diagram 2.2. Proses Kerja Produksi Acara Pre-Production ............................................ 31
Diagram 2.3. Proses Kerja Pre-Production Hingga Prost Production ............................. 33
Diagram 2.4. Proses Kerja Produksi Acara Pre-Production ............................................ 38
Diagram 2.5. Struktur Organisasi Trans TV ..................................................................... 69
Diagram 3.1. Pola Aktivitas Secara General ................................................................... 84
Diagram 3.2. Pola Aktivitas Datang ................................................................................. 84
Diagram 3.3, Pola Aktivitas Keluar .................................................................................. 85
Diagram 3.4. Pola Aktivitas Pengelola ............................................................................. 85
Diagram 3.5.Pola Aktivitas Pengunjung ........................................................................... 85
Diagram 3.6. Pola Aktivitas Bintang Tamu ...................................................................... 86
Diagram 3.7. Pola Aktivitas Bintang Tamu Anak – Anak ................................................. 86
Diagram 3.8. Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan Utama ................................................................. 100
Diagram 3.9. Pola Sirkulasi Pengunjung ....................................................................... 101
Diagram 3.10.Pola Sirkulasi Pengelola ......................................................................... 102
Diagram 3.11. Pola Sirkulasi Kegiatan Penunjang ........................................................ 103
Diagram 3.12. Sirkulasi AC Central ............................................................................... 148
Diagram 3.13. Alur Jaringan Listrik Bangunan .............................................................. 151
Diagram 5.1. Diagram Tema Arsitektur ......................................................................... 194
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Klasifikasi Program Acara Berdasarkan Usia ................................................. 20
Tabel 2.2. Fasilitas Pengelola &Service .......................................................................... 48
Tabel 2.3. Prasarana Fasilitas Utama.............................................................................. 49
Tabel 2.4. Prasarana Fasilitas Pengelola ........................................................................ 49
Tabel 2.5. Prasarana Fasilitas Service ............................................................................ 50
Tabel 2.7. Pembagian Kecamatan Dki Jakarta ................................................................ 57
Tabel 2.8. Fungsi Ruang Perlantai Trans TV .................................................................. 64
Tabel 2.9. Presentase Program Acara Trans 7 ............................................................... 68
Tabel 3.1. Kegiatan Aktivitas Utama ................................................................................ 78
Tabel 3.2. Kegiatan Aktivitas Penunjang ......................................................................... 79
Tabel 3.3. Kegiatan Aktivitas Pengelola & Service .......................................................... 80
Tabel 3.4. Kegiatan Aktivitas Anak .................................................................................. 83
Tabel 3.5. Waktu Operasional Bangunan ........................................................................ 87
Tabel 3.6.Pendekatan Kebutuhan Ruang ........................................................................ 89
Tabel 3.7.Pembagian Sifat Ruang ................................................................................... 94
Tabel 3.8. Persyaratan Ruang ......................................................................................... 96
Tabel 3.9. Analisis pendekatan jumlah pengelola ......................................................... 104
Tabel 3.10. Presentase Program Acara Anak ............................................................... 105
Tabel 3.11, Total Pelaku ................................................................................................ 110
Tabel 3.12. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Aktivitas Utama .................................................... 127
Tabel 3.13. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Pengelola ............................................................. 129
Tabel 3.13. Studi Kebutuhan Ruang Penunjang & Service ........................................... 131
Tabel 3.14. Macam Sub Structure ................................................................................. 137
Tabel 3.15. Analisa Macam Upper Structure ................................................................. 139
Tabel 3.16. Analisa Macam Penutup Atap .................................................................... 142
Tabel 3.17. Analisa Macam Enclosure bangunan ......................................................... 143
Tabel 3.18. Analisa Pemilihan Lokasi ............................................................................ 167
xv
Tabel 3.19. Analisa Tapak A .......................................................................................... 169
Tabel 3.20. Analisa Tapak B .......................................................................................... 172
Tabel 3.21. Analisa Pemilihan Tapak ............................................................................ 174
Tabel 4.1. Analisa Program Struktur dan Enclosure ...................................................... 181
Tabel 4.2. Analisa Program Utilitas ................................................................................ 183
Tabel 4.3. Analisa Tapak A ............................................................................................ 186
Tabel 5.1. Tabel Perilaku Anak dan Respon ................................................................. 205
Tabel 5.1. Tabel Perilaku Orang Dewasa di Kantor dan Respon .................................. 209