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物質の根本を探る
素粒子物理学最前線
宗久知男
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1)理解することの喜び
2)理解への欲求
3)合理的理解:万人が納得できる理解 数学 1+1=2 -> (N)+1=(N+1)
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古代インド人が考えた宇宙
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昔から考えていた
1)人間をとりまく世界の理解 <=不安
「神」の創造
2)古代から「物質の根源」への理解の欲求
「統一理論」
考える方法:「知っている中で最も考える方法:「知っている中で最も単純な形」単純な形」
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History of Constituents of Matter
AD
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Particles
“ Matter is made of atoms ““ Atoms are made of leptons and quarks “
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力:物と物との関係(ニュートン)太陽明日も昇るか
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当時の力:重力星の運行の理解 =>機械一元論
日食
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電気と磁気電磁気学(統一理論)->「光」「電磁波」は同一
雷 超伝導現象
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周期律表
「物質の根源」「統一理論」の最初の勝利 「原子」の確立
水兵さんリーベは僕の船。名前もあるよ。シップスクラーク
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原子の力学:量子力学 周期律の説明
力:電磁気学(光)
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「電子」と「陽子」:根本物質か? 束の間の幸せ
「電子」と「原子核」
原子核は「陽子」「中性子」
力:新たな粒子 中間子:湯川秀樹博士
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陽子の仲間が沢山
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考える方法:「対称性」
円:対称性が高い図形
「時間に始まりはない」->エネルギー保存則
左右対称
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クォーク:陽子中間子を形成
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クォークの仲間
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レプトンの仲間
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力:ゲージ粒子
光子:電磁気グルーオン:クォークに働く力
Z,Wボソン:弱い力
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標準理論
クォーク:アップ、ダウン、ストレンジ、チャームボトム、トップ
レプトン:電子、ミュー、タウ、電子ニュートリノ
ミューニュートリノ、タウニュートリノ
ゲージ粒子:光子、グルーオン、W,Z
加えてヒッグス粒子(未発見)
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くりこみ理論電子の質量が計算をすると無限大になる
-> 理論の再構築
電子異常磁気能率 0.00115965218085 (実験) 0.00115965218870 (理論)
朝永振一郎博士
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「対称性」と「量子力学」
「世界(真空)は一つ」:「円」ではなく「一点」
「世界(真空)は一つではない」:「点」では
なく「円周の一点」
対称性の破れ
南部陽一郎博士
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まだまだ謎が
「質量」は勝手に決まる?
「ニュートリノ質量」:KAMIOKANDE(日本の実験グループ)小柴昌俊博士
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宇宙から謎
「反物質世界がない」バリオジェネシス
「宇宙の膨張」インフレーション
「宇宙の謎物質」ダークマター
「宇宙の謎エネルギー」ダークエネルギー
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反物質世界がない
「物質」「反物質」対称性の破れ=>
6種類のクォーク:小林・益川博士
C:電荷の対称性
P:左右の対称性
C,P:弱い力では破れ
CP:少しの破れ
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謎の暗黒物質が必要
標準模型には存在しない粒子が必要?
実験でみつかる???
ヨーロッパ(CERN)で探索実験
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CERN
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重力波検出大型重力波望遠鏡LCGT
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「考える」
「疑問をだし、その疑問に自分で回答し(アイデアを出し)、これを検証(否定)する」
CERN: http://public.web.cern.ch/public/http://education.web.cern.ch/education/
http://education.web.cern.ch/education/Chapter2/Intro.htmKEK: http://www.kek.jp/ja/index.html http://www.kek.jp/kids/index.html
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物理の大きな謎
1: 時間:過去へ行けないか?物理法則として禁止できていない
因果律として認めている
2: 離れた出来事は無関係?量子力学では関係できる
重力理論と概念として矛盾