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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 1
Guideline for the Management of Waste Lead and Lead Paint
Lignes directrices sur la gestion des déchets de plomb et de la peinture au plomb
Revised October 2017
Révisé en octobre 2017Le présent document contient la traduction française du résumé.
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T
Contents1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 DefinitionsandListofAcronyms ....................................................................................................................................... 3
1.2 EffectsofLeadintheEnvironment ................................................................................................................................... 5
1.3 CommonSourcesandTypesofLead ................................................................................................................................ 5
2 Roles and Responsibilities .......................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.1 EnvironmentandNaturalResources ............................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Generators.................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.3 OtherRegulatoryAgencies ................................................................................................................................................... 8
3 Waste Management ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 PollutionPrevention ................................................................................................................................................................ 9
3.2 LeadPaintAbatement ............................................................................................................................................................. 9
3.2.1PaintIdentificationandSampling .......................................................................................................................... 9
3.2.2LeadPaintRemoval ................................................................................................................................................... 11
3.2.3ContainmentofLeadPaintandAbrasiveDebris .......................................................................................... 11
3.2.4RecoveryofLeadPaintandAbrasiveDebris .................................................................................................. 12
3.3 RifleRangeBackstoporLeadContaminatedSoil .................................................................................................... 12
3.4 Storage ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 12
3.5 Transportation ........................................................................................................................................................................ 13
3.6 Disposal ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 13
4 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 1: MovementofHazardousWasteandRecordKeeping .......................................................................................................... 7
Table 1: DisposalCriteriaforLeadPaintintoSolidWasteFacilities ........................................................................................... 10
Appendix 1: SubsetoftheEnvironmental Protection Act .......................................................................................................................... 15
Appendix 2: RegulatoryAgencies,LandandWaterBoards,WasteExchanges,andAssociations .......................................... 18
References ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 20
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 1
1 IntroductionLeadisanaturally-occurringelementcommonlyfoundinrockandsoil.Thereisalsowidespreaduseofleadinconsumerproductsandhasresultedinelevatedlevelsofleadintheenvironment.Canadiansareexposedtolowlevelsofleadinfood,drinkingwater,air,householddust,soil,andproducts.Riskstohumanhealthandtheenvironmentareassociatedwithexposureandreleaseoflead.
WasteproductsthatcontainspecifiedlevelsofleadareconsideredcontaminantsundertheNorthwestTerritories’Environmental Protection Act(EPA)andmustbemanagedasahazardouswaste.TheGuidelinefortheManagementofWasteLeadandLeadPaintisintendedto:• Provideguidancetoindustrial,commercial,andinstitutional(ICI)operatorsintheNorthwestTerritories
(NWT)onthepropermanagementofwasteleadandleadpaint;• Increaseawarenessandprovideabriefintroductiontothedifferenttypesofwasteleadandleadpaint;
and• Supportthetrackingofhazardouswastefromgenerationtofinaltreatment/disposal.
Section2.2oftheEPAgivestheMinistertheauthoritytodevelop,coordinateandadministerguidelines(SeeAppendix1).ThisguidelinedoesnotalleviatetheneedtocomplywithanyotherActorregulationapplicabletothemanagementofleadorleadpaint.Section2.3ofthisGuidelineprovidesadditionalinformationontherolesandresponsibilitiesofotherregulatoryagenciesthatmaybeinvolvedwiththemanagementofwasteleadandleadpaintduetotheirlegislativeresponsibilities.
ThisguidelineshouldbereadinconjunctionwiththeGuideline for Hazardous Waste Management whereleadpaintislistedasahazardouswaste.ThemanagementofwasteleadfoundinbatteriesisoutlinedintheGuideline for the Management of Waste Batteries.
ThisguidelineandotherhazardouswasteguidelinesareavailableontheDepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(ENR)website(http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/en/services/hazardous-waste)orbycontactingENRat:
EnvironmentDivisionDepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResourcesGovernmentoftheNorthwestTerritoriesPOBox1320700,5102-50AvenueYellowknifeNT X1A2L9
Tel:(867)767-9236ext.53176Fax:(867)873-0221
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2 L I G N E S D I R E C T R I C E S S U R L A G E S T I O N D E S D É C H E T S D E P L O M B E T D E L A P E I N T U R E A U P L O M B
1 IntroductionLeplombestnaturellementprésentdanslesrochesetlesol.Ilestégalementlargementutilisédanslesproduitsdeconsommation;c’estpourquoiontrouvedesniveauxélevésdeplombdansl’environnement.LesCanadienssontexposésàdefaiblesniveauxdeplombdanslanourriture,l’eaupotable,l’air,lapoussièredomestique,laterreetlesproduitsmanufacturés.Lesrisquespourlasantéetl’environnementsontassociésàlalibérationduplombetàl’expositionàcedernier.
LesdéchetsquicontiennentuncertainniveaudeplombsontconsidéréscommedescontaminantsselonlaLoi sur la protection de l’environnement(LPE)desTerritoiresduNord-Ouestetdoiventêtregérésentantquedéchetsdangereux.
Ceslignesdirectricesontétéélaboréesparladivisiondel’environnementduministèredel’EnvironnementetdesRessourcesnaturelles(MERN)dugouvernementdesTerritoiresduNord-Ouest(GTNO)pourlessecteursindustriel,commercialetinstitutionnel(ICI).
LesLignesdirectricessurlagestiondesdéchetsdeplombetdelapeintureauplombvisentà:• orienterlesexploitantsdessecteursICIdesTerritoiresduNord-Ouest(TNO)surlagestionappropriée
desdéchetsdeplombetdelapeintureauplomb;• sensibiliserauxdifférentstypesdedéchetsdeplombetdepeinturesauplombetenfaireunebrève
présentation;• encouragerlesuividesdéchetsdangereux,deleurproductionàleuréliminationoutraitementfinal.
Lasection2.2delaLPEconfèreauministredel’EnvironnementetdesRessourcesnaturellesl’autoritédemettreaupoint,decoordonneretd’administrerdeslignesdirectrices(voirl’annexe1).Ceslignesdirectricesnesuppléentàaucuneautreloiouréglementationapplicableàlagestionduplomboudelapeintureauplomb.Lasection2.3deceslignesdirectricescontientdesrenseignementscomplémentairessurlesrôlesetresponsabilitésd’autresorganismesderéglementationquipourraientparticiperàlagestiondesdéchetsdeplombetdelapeintureauplombdanslecadredeleursresponsabilitéslégislatives.
IlfautlireceslignesdirectricesenutilisantparallèlementlesLignes directrices sur la gestion des déchets dangereuxquidésignentlapeintureauplombcommeundéchetdangereux.Les Lignes directrices sur les batteries usagéesdécriventlagestiondesdéchetsdeplombcontenusdanslesbatteries.
OnpeutconsulterceslignesdirectricesainsiquecellessurlesautresdéchetsdangereuxsurlesitewebduMERN(http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/en/services/hazardous-waste)ouencommuniquantavecleMERNauxcoordonnéessuivantes:
Divisiondel’environnementMinistèredel’EnvironnementetdesRessourcesnaturellesGouvernementdesTerritoiresduNord-Ouest5102,50eAvenueCentreScotia,7eétage
Adressepostale:C. P. 1320YellowknifeNT X1A2L9
Tél.:867-767-9236,poste53176Téléc.:867-873-0221
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 3
1.1 DefinitionsContaminant Anynoise,heat,vibrationorsubstanceandincludessuchothersubstancesastheMinister
mayprescribethat,wheredischargedintotheenvironment,(a) endangersthehealth,safetyorwelfareofpersons,(b) interferesorislikelytointerferewithnormalenjoymentoflifeorproperty,(c) endangersthehealthofanimallife,or(d) causesorislikelytocausedamagetoplantlifeorproperty.
Discharge Includes,butnotsoastolimitthemeaning,anypumping,pouring,throwing,dumping,emitting,burning,spraying,spreading,leaking,spilling,orescaping.
Environment MeansthecomponentsoftheEarthandincludesa) air,landandwater,b) alllayersoftheatmosphere,c) allorganicandinorganicmatterandlivingorganisms,andd) theinteractingnaturalsystemsthatincludecomponentsreferredtoinparagraphs
(a)to(c).
Generator Theownerorpersonincharge,managementorcontrolofahazardouswasteorafacilityorpropertythatgeneratesorcontainshazardouswaste.
Hazardous Anyproduct,mixture,materialorsubstancethatisclassifiedinaccordancewiththeproduct regulationsmadeundersubsection15(1)inacategoryorsubcategoryofahazardclass
listedinSchedule2oftheHazardous Products Act(Canada).
Hazardous Acontaminantwhichisnolongerusedforitsoriginalpurposeandisintendedforwaste recycling,treatment,disposalorstorageasdefinedintheGuideline for Hazardous Waste
Management.Thisincludeswasteleadandleadpaintasdefinedinthisguideline.
Inorganic lead Ingeneral,leadsubstancesthatdonotcontaincompoundsofcarbon,hydrocarbonsorderivatives.Thesechemicalcompoundsareusuallyfoundinpowderorcrystalform,butsomeareliquid.Usesinclude:frits,glasses,insecticides,woodpreservatives,specificpaints,pigments,plasticsandrubbercompounds.
Leachate Atestmethoddesignedtodetermineboththeorganicandinorganicextraction parameterspresentinsolidandmulti-phasedwaste.Thetestprocedureisdesignedtoprocedure simulatethecharacteristicsamaterialmayexhibitifplacedinalandfill.Testdetermined
byMethod1311ToxicityCharacteristicLeachingProcedure(TCLP)Test,USEPAorLeachateExtractionProcedure164-GP-1-MPCanadianGeneralStandardsBoard.
Lead paint* Surfacecoatingsthatcontainleadgreaterthan5.0mg/Lleadwhensubjectedtotheleachateextractionprocedure.
Listed waste WasteslistedinScheduleIIIoftheGuideline for Hazardous Waste Management.
Manage Tohandle,transport,store,recycle,treat,destroyordisposeofhazardouswaste.
* TheCodeofPractice“WorkingwithLeadGuideline”thatisadministeredbytheWorkers’SafetyandCompensationCommissiondefines“Lead-containingMaterials”thatincludesnumericalthresholdsestablishedforthepurposeofoccupationalhealthandsafetyofworkersandemployers.Thedefinitionsinthisguidelineareestablishedtobeprotectiveoftheenvironment.
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4 G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T
Metallic lead Thesolidmetalformoflead,bluish-whiteorsilvery-grayincolour.Itisrelativelyheavy,verysoft,highlymalleable,ductile,andapoorconductorofelectricity.Ithasalowmeltingpointandisveryresistanttocorrosion.Usesinclude:ammunition,electricalstoragebatteries(leadacidbatteries),leadsolder,pipes,sheathsforelectricalcableandradiationshields.
Organic lead Ingeneral,leadcombinedwithachemicalcompoundcontainingcarbon.Organicleadcompoundsarecreatedbycombiningleadwithprimarilycarbonandhydrogen.Thesecompoundscanbefoundinpowder,crystal,pasteorliquidform.Usesincludetetraethyllead(usedasananti-knockagentingasoline),tetramethyllead,leadnaphthanate,leadstearateandleadoleate.
Paint Asurfacecoatingmaterialthatdriestoasolidfilmwhenalayerisappliedtoasurface.Itdoesnotincludematerialthatbecomesapartofthesubstrate.
List of Acronyms used in this DocumentCALA CanadianAssociationforLaboratoryAccreditationInc.
CCME CanadianCouncilofMinistersoftheEnvironment
ED EnvironmentDivision
ENR DepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(GNWT)
EPA Environmental Protection Act
GNWT GovernmentoftheNorthwestTerritories
HPA Hazardous Products Act(Canada)
HSS DepartmentofHealthandSocialServices(GNWT)
IATA InternationalAirTransportAssociation
ICAO InternationalCivilAviationOrganization
ICI1 Industrial,Commercial,Institutional
IMDG InternationalMaritimeDangerousGoodsCode
NWT NorthwestTerritories
OHS OccupationalHealthandSafety
SSPC SocietyforProtectiveCoatings(Canada)
SCMR SurfaceCoatingMaterialsRegulations(Canada)
SDS SafetyDataSheet
1 Industrial Resourcedevelopmentactivities,construction,fabrication,lightandheavymanufacturing. Commercial Retailstores,mechanicalshops,propertymanagers,serviceandrepairbusinesses,etc. Institutional Federal,Territorial,Municipalgovernmentdepartmentsandagencies,non-profitagencies.
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 5
TCLP ToxicityCharacteristicLeachingProcedure
USEPA UnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency
WHMIS WorkSiteHazardousMaterialInformationSystem
WSCC Workers’SafetyandCompensationCommission
1.2 EffectsofLeadintheEnvironmentHistorically,leadwasusedinmanycommercialproductsincluding:paint,gasoline,insecticidesandbatteries,tonameafew.Itisnowknownthatproductsandstructurespaintedwithleadedpaintareasourceofhealthandenvironmentalcontaminants.Leadingasolineandhouseholdpaintsarenowrestrictedbyfederallegislation,asareleadpelletshotgunshellsusedforhuntingmigratorybirdsaswellassolderusedinfoodcans.
Leadhasbeensubjecttonumerousriskmanagementinitiatives,andasaresultoftheseeffortstherehasbeenasignificantdeclineintheconcentrationofleadintheambientairaswellasthebloodleadlevelsofCanadiansinthepastthirtyyears.Despitethedeclineinleadlevels,newscientificresearchbyHealthCanadahasconcludedthatadditionalmeasuresarestillrequiredtofurtherreduceexposuretolead.Whileleadcanbeharmfultothehealthofpeopleofallages,infantsandchildrenareasusceptiblesubpopulationforleadexposure.TheUnitesStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(USEPA)andtheWorldHealthOrganizationhavestatedthatthereisnoknownsafelevelofleadininfantsandchildrenthatwouldnotcauseneurodevelopmentalimpacts.
Leadisalsotoxictolivingmicro-organismsinthewatercolumn,sedimentandsoil.Whenleadisreleasedintotheenvironmentitwillbioaccumulateandenterthefoodchain.Chronicexposuretorelativelylowlevelsofleadmaycausechronichealthsymptomsanddisability.AsaresultleadisstillthesubjectofnumerousriskmanagementinitiativesacrossCanadadirectedtowardsconsumerproducts,foodandtheenvironment.
1.3 CommonSourcesandTypesofLeadLeadistypicallygroupedintothreemaintypes:metalliclead,organiclead,andinorganiclead.
Metalliclead
Automotiveindustry: wheelweights,bearings,frictionadditiveinclutchfacingsandbrakes,batteries.
Constructionindustry: flashing,pipe,sheeting,counterweights,paintadditives,tile,roofingmaterial,plumbingmaterials.
Electronicindustry: cathode-raytubes,radiationshielding,solder,ceramiccoatedcapacitors.
Resourceindustry: fishingsinkers,riflebullets,andbackstopsatrifleandpistolranges.
Printingindustry: letterblocks.
Welding: leadpaint,alloys,galvanizedmetals.
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6 G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T
Organiclead
Miscellaneous: paint,insecticides,fungicides,chemicalreagents,gasolineadditives,pigments,dyes.
Artists: leadsolder,glaze,andleadedglass.
Automotiveindustry: paints,rubbers,dyes,corrosioninhibitingpigmentinpaints,primersandspentglycolsolutionremovedfromcoolingsystemswithheatexchangersmadefromalloyscontainingleadasanadhesive.
Aviationindustry: aviationfuelandusedoilfromaircraftusingleadedfuel.
Oilfieldconstruction: joiningcompound(pipedope).
Inorganiclead
Miscellaneous: manufactureofexplosives,blastingcaps,matches,pyrotechnics,chemicalreagents,pigments,anddyes.
Therearethreemainroutesforexposuretolead:
1. Inhalation: breathinginleaddust,fumeorvapourwhereleadproductsareheatedorwherecuttingandgrindingcreatesdust.
2. Ingestion: eating,drinking,smoking,oranyhandtomouthactioninareaswhereleadcontaminationexists.
3. SkinAbsorption: particularlycontactwithorganicformsoflead.
Forthepurposeofthisguideline,onlythefollowingwastescontainingleadandtheirmanagementarefurtheraddressed:• leadamendedpaint,and• sandorsoilsusedasbackstopsatrifleandpistolrangesorotherleadcontaminatedsoil.
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 7
2 RolesandResponsibilities
2.1 EnvironmentandNaturalResourcesTheDepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResources(ENR)istheGovernmentoftheNorthwestTerritories(GNWT)agencyresponsibleforinitiativeswhichcontrolandpreventthedischargeofcontaminantsincludinghazardouswastesandtheirimpactonthenaturalenvironment.ENRisresponsibleforensuringthatenvironmentallyacceptablemanagementprocedures,emissionlevelsanddisposalmethodsaremaintained.LegislativeauthorityisprovidedbytheEPA(SeeAppendix1)andPesticide Act.
TheEnvironmentDivision(ED)ofENRmonitorsthemovementofhazardouswastefromthegeneratortofinaldisposalatthereceivingfacilitythroughtheuseofaspecifiedsix-partformcalledahazardouswastemovementdocument.Amovementdocumentform,oranequivalentrecordofdisposal,mustaccompanyallhazardouswasteintransitregardlessofthemeansoftransport.HazardouswastemovementdocumentsareprovidedasahardcopybytheED.
Ifhazardouswasteistobetransportedofftheoriginatingsite,thegenerator,carrierandreceivermustberegisteredwithED.Onceregistered,anidentificationnumberwillbeassignedwhichisrequiredtocompletethemovementdocument.AcarrierorreceivermayeitherberegisteredintheNWTorintheprovinceorterritoryinwhichthecompanyisbased.
Figure1:MovementofHazardousWasteandRecordKeeping
Registration and/or Reporting to the Environment Division
Generator Carrier(s) Receiver
2.2 GeneratorsThe responsibility for proper waste management rests with the generator and should be considered part of the cost of doing business.
Theowner(generator)ofthewasteleadorleadpaintisresponsibleforensuringitissafelyremoved,handled,packaged,stored,transported,treatedand/ordisposedinaccordancewiththisguidelineandallapplicableActsandregulations.Wasteleadandleadpaintislistedasahazardouswasteinquantitiesgreaterthan5kgandtheultimatedisposalneedstobeconfirmedonahazardouswastemovementdocument(wastemanifest).Generatornumbers,hazardouswastemovementdocumentsandalistofregisteredhazardouswastecarriersareavailablefromED.
TheGuideline for Hazardous Waste Managementshouldalsobereferencedforfurtherdetailsregardinggenerator,carrierandreceiverresponsibilities.
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8 G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T
2.3 OtherRegulatoryAgenciesItisimportanttocontacttheapplicablelandandwaterboardforactivitiesthatmayrequiretheirauthorization.ThecontactinformationfortheLandandWaterBoardsaswellasENRandotheragenciescanbefoundinAppendix2.
Workers’SafetyandCompensationCommission(WSCC)
TheWSCCisresponsibleforadministeringtheNWTSafety Act,andtheOccupationalHealthandSafety(OHS)Regulations,whichaddressthesafetyofworkersandtheworkplace.TheWSCCdevelopedthe“WorkingwithLeadCodeofPractice”andaleadprojectnotificationisrequiredpriortoundertakingaleadabatementproject.ThecriteriondevelopedbytheWSCCisintendedforoccupationalhealthandsafety.ThecriterionintheGuidelineforWasteLeadandLeadPaintfordisposalisdifferentfromoccupationalhealthandsafety,andisdevelopedtobeprotectiveoftheenvironment.
DepartmentofHealthandSocialServices(HSS)
HSSistheGNWTbodyresponsibleforpublichealthandsafetyinaccordancewiththePublic Health Act,andGeneralSanitationRegulations.TheOfficeoftheChiefPublicHealthOfficerprovidespublichealthmessagingandguidancebasedonreviewedinformationprovidedbyresponsibledepartments.Forexample,exposuretoleadpaintinapublicplace,mayhaveanadverseimpactonhumanhealth.TheOfficeoftheChiefPublicHealthOfficershouldbeconsultedwhenleadexposureprimarilyimpactshumanhealth.
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 9
3 WasteManagementMinimizing or avoiding the creation of pollutants and wastes can be more effective in protecting the environment than treating or cleaning them up after they have been created. – Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment
3.1 PollutionPreventionPollutionpreventionmethodseliminatethecreationofenvironmentalcontaminantsbypreventingthewastefrombeingcreatedinthefirstplace.“Pollutioncontrol”methodsaregearedtowardstreatingthewasteafterit’screated.Advancesinthepaintandcoatingsindustryhaveresultedinthedevelopmentofsuperiorpaintsandcoatingsthatprovidecorrosionresistanceonsteelandotherstructures.Leadedpaintsarenolongerrequired.
Pollutionpreventionmethodsforstructureswithleadedpaintinclude:• repaintingwithoutcompletepaintremoval;or• spotpainting,overcoating,zonecoating,orpaintingentirely.
3.2 LeadPaintAbatement
3.2.1 Paint Identification and SamplingItistheowner’sresponsibilitytoidentifythepresenceofleadamendedpaint.Somepaintsusedbefore1950couldcontainasmuchas50%leadbyweight.Startinginthe1950s,theamountofleadinpaintbegantodecreaseasotherpigmentsweresubstituted.In1976,federallegislationinCanadalimitedtheamountofleadininteriorconsumerpaintsto0.5%byweight(or5,000ppm).In2005,exteriorandinteriorconsumerpaintproductsweresubsequentlyreducedto600ppm(0.06%)byweight.
TheamountofleadinconsumerpaintproductsiscurrentlyregulatedaccordingtotheSurfaceCoatingMaterialsRegulations(SCMR)undertheCanada Consumer Product Safety Acttonotcontainmorethan 90mg/kglead,howevercertaintypesofpaintproductsareexemptandmaystillcontainelevatedlevelsoflead.TheSCMRliststhetypesofpaintthatareexemptfromthe90mg/kglimitandmaycontainleachablelevelsofleadasfollows.(a) asananti-corrosiveoranti-weatheringcoatingontheinteriororexteriorsurfaceofabuildinghavingan
agriculturalpurposeoronequipmenthavinganagriculturalpurpose;(b) asananti-corrosiveoranti-weatheringcoatingonastructure,otherthanabuilding,havingan
agriculturalorpublicpurpose;(c) asatouch-upcoatingonmetalsurfaces;(d) intheproductionofoutdoorgraphicart,includingbillboarddisplays;or(e) inanart,craftorhobbyactivity,exceptifthesurfacecoatingmaterialisusedbychildren.
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1 0 G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T
FormoreinformationontherequirementsundertheSurface Coating Materials Regulations,youmaycontactyourregionalHealthCanadaProductSafetyOffice: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/contact/cps-spc/hecs-dgsesc/pso-bsp_ab-nt-eng.php.
Elevatedlevels(notbelow0.1%or1,000mg/kg)ofleadinworkplacechemicalscanbeidentifiedbyreviewingtheSafetyDataSheets(SDS),whichmustaccompanyallhazardousproductsdistributedinCanada.ManufacturersortheirproductdistributorsarerequiredtoprovideanSDSwiththeirhazardousproducts,howeverSDSsheetsarenotrequiredforconsumerproducts.
Commonexamplesofwhereleadamendedpaintisfoundinclude:• bargesandships;• heavyequipment;• steelpaintingfacilities;• pipelines;• fuelstoragetanks;• steelbridges;• steeltowers;• grainstoragebins;and• railcars.
Paintedtanksorothersteelstructuresshouldbesampledforconfirmationofleadamendedpaintandleadconcentrationpriortosandblastingorothermaintenanceactivities.
Inadditiontolead,industrialorsteelcoatingssuchaspaintandpaintprimer,maycontainothercontaminantstobeawareofsuchasarsenic,polychlorinatedbiphenyls(PCBs),cadmium,chromium,copper,magnesiumandmercury.Thesearetoxicsubstancesifinhaledoringested.
Ifthelevelofleadinthepaintisnotknownandmaycontainelevatedlevelsofleaditistheowner’sresponsibilitytotreatitasleadamendedpaint,orhaveasampletakenandanalyzedatanaccreditedlaboratorytodeterminethelevelofleadinthepaint.HealthCanadaalsohasinformationtohelpconsumersworksafelywitholdlead-basedpaint(suchaswhendoingrenovations): http://www.healthycanadians.gc.ca/security-securite/home-maison/lead_paint-peinture_plomb-eng.php.
Wasteleadpaintisahazardouswastewhentheconcentrationofleadis greater than 5.0 mg/L lead when subjected to the leachate extraction procedure,asoutlinedinTable 1.Thecriteriaismeanttobeprotectiveoftheenvironmentbutisnotsuitablefordeterminingsafelevelsofexposuretoworkers,orbuildingoccupantsasdeterminedbyotheragenciessuchasWSCCandHSS.
Table1:Disposalcriteriaforleadpaintintosolidwastefacilities
Compound DisposalCriteriaLead Less than or equal to 5.0 mg/L
PaintSamples
Apaintsampleshouldbecollectedfromtightlyadheredpaintandcomprisedofalllayersofpaint.Itisimportanttoconfirmwiththelaboratorytheamountofsamplerequiredtocompletetheanalysis.Makesuretoscrapedowntothemetalorwood(substrate),beingcarefulnottoincludethesubstrateinthesample.Asturdyplasticbagisanadequatecontainer.Thepaintshouldthenbeanalyzedatanaccreditedlaboratory.TheanalyticaldatashouldthenbeforwardedtoEDortheregionalEnvironmentalProtectionOfficer.
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 1 1
Laboratoriescanbeidentifiedthroughtheiraccreditationassociationssuchas:• CanadianAssociationforLaboratoryAccreditationInc.(CALA)(613)233-5300http://www.cala.ca or• StandardsCouncilofCanada(EnvironmentalLaboratories)(613)569-7808
https://www.scc.ca/en/accreditation/laboratories
TheWorkingwithLeadCodeofPracticeshouldbereferencedwhentakingsamplesforleadpaintanalysis.ItisimportanttocontactthelaboratorytoensurethatanadequatesampleistakenforanalysisbasedontheWSCCrequirementaswellasleachatetoxicitytestingfordisposal.
3.2.2 Lead Paint RemovalSandblastingshouldonlybeconsideredafterathoroughevaluationofthestructureandpollutionpreventionoptions,duetothepotentialhealthandenvironmentalhazards.
Repaintingofsteelstructuresforrustprotectionfrequentlyinvolvessandblastingofthedeterioratedpaint,inpreparationforanewcoatingofprimerandpaint.Paintedtanksorothersteelstructuresshouldbesampledforconfirmationofleadandleadconcentrationpriortosandblastingorothermaintenanceactivities.Consultationwiththeappropriateregulatoryagenciespriortostartingleadabatementprojectsistheresponsibleworkstrategytopreventpublic,workerandenvironmentalimpairment.
SandblastingMediaHazards
Crystalline(free)silicaiscarcinogenictohumanswheninhaledintheformofquartzorcristobalitefromoccupationalsources.Non-carcinogenicabrasivesshouldbespecifiedforsandblasting.
Alternatively,ultrahighpressurewaterjetting,vacuumpowertools,rotarypowertools,vacuumheadneedleguns,andchemicalstrippersofleadedpaintdonotproducethesamelevelsofdust.NamesofalternateblastingmediasuppliersareavailablebycontactingthepaintassociationslistedinAppendix2.
3.2.3 Containment of Lead Paint and Abrasive DebrisRegardlessoftheleadamendedpaintremovalmethod,totalcontainmentoftheleadedpaintandabrasivedebrisorpaintstrippersisarequirementoftheEPA.
TheWorking with Lead Code of Practiceshouldbereferencedfordevelopinga“LeadExposurePlan”basedontheWSCCrequirements.
Containmentdevicesandtechniquesinclude,butarenotlimitedto:• dropsheetsortarps;• shroudingorfree-hangingenclosures;• totalstructureenclosures;• dampeningmethods;or,• negativepressurecontainment.
High-pressurewaterjettingforpaintremovalrequiresthatthewastewatermustbefilteredtoremoveallpaintresiduesanditmustbetestedtoensureitmeetstheappropriatecriteriaforleadpriortodischarge.
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AwatercontainmentanddischargeplanisrequiredbyEDpriortoreceivingdischargeauthorization.Aplanmustincludeatminimumthefollowing:• Anticipatedvolumeofwater;• Methodofcontainment;• Frequencyofdischarge;• Locationofdischarge;• Identificationofsensitivereceptors(e.g.nearbysurfacewater,residences,ditches);• Pollutionpreventionmethods(e.g.screens,filters,etc.);and• Certificateofanalysisindicatinglevelsofcontaminantssuchaslead.
3.2.4 Recovery of Lead Paint and Abrasive DebrisOnceleadpaintdebrishasbeencontained,therecoveryofpaintresiduesmustbeundertakenfrequentlytopreventdispersalbywind.Avacuumisrecommendedasarapidon-sitecollectionmethod.Sweepingandshovelingarealsousedforcleaningabrasivesfromthegroundcovers.
Collectioncontainersmustnotallowsandblastingwastestospillorleakintotheenvironment.Open-topdrums,withsealablelids,orstrongplasticbagsareexamplesofmaterialsthatcanbeusedforwastecollectionandstoragependingdisposal.Debriscollectiontechniquesinclude:• capturefromsurfaceatpointofcleaning(vacuumblasting);• capturefromcontainmentenclosures(sweeping,vacuuming);• capturefromgroundoroverwater(tarps);or• channelingdebristospecifiedcollectionpoints.
3.3 RifleRangeBackstoporLeadContaminatedSoilThemanagementofsoilsonlandthatiscontaminatedwithleadisoutlinedintheEnvironmentalGuideline for Contaminated Site Remediation.
Samplecollectionfromriflerangebackstopsshouldbedonebyfollowingtheproceduresprovidedbyanaccreditedanalyticallaboratorytoensurerepresentativesamplesareobtained.Personalprotectiveequipmentmayberequired,consultWSCCSafetyOfficers.TheUSEPAdevelopedadocumenttitled,“Best Management Practices for Lead at Outdoor Shooting Ranges”thatmaybereferencedforinformationregardingadequateenvironmentalprotectionprotocolsforoperatingaoutdoorshootingrange.TheGuideline for Hazardous Waste Managementneedstobereferencedfortransportationanddisposalofcontaminatedsoil.
3.4 StorageLeadcompoundsormaterialscontaminatedwithleadmustbestoredinasafeandsecuremanner.Theyshouldbeinleak-proofcontainerstopreventreleaseintotheenvironment.Dependingonthematerial,thepackagingshouldbedesignedtopreventcontactwithprecipitationoritshouldbestoredsecurelyindoors.
TheGuideline for Hazardous Waste Managementshouldbeconsultedforfurtherdetailsregardingstorageandregistration.
Anyonestoringleadwasteforaperiodof180daysandinquantitiesexceeding5,000kgorLwillneedtoregistertheirstoragefacilityaccordingtoSection2.5oftheGuideline for Hazardous Waste Management.
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3.5 TransportationItisimportantforgeneratorstoknowthedifferencesinhazardouswasteregulationsbetweenprovincial/territorialjurisdictionsandensurethatthehazardouswasteisdisposedofinamannerthatsatisfiesalljurisdictionswherethehazardouswastewillbegenerated,transportedanddisposed.
Itisimportantforgeneratorstouseshippingnamesofhazardouswastethatalignwiththeprovinceorterritoryofdestination.Ifthewastereceivingfacilityisnotfamiliarwiththemovementdocumentforaparticulartypeofwaste,itisimportanttoensureacompleterecordofdisposalisutilizedandthatthereceivingsiteprovidesasignedcopythatconfirmstheultimatedisposal.UnderthesecircumstancesthegeneratorintheNWTisrequiredtoprovidethesignedcopytoED.
IntheNWT,specificrequirementsforhazardouswastecarriersandtheuseofhazardouswastemovementdocuments,aredetailedintheGuideline for Hazardous Waste Management.
3.6 Disposal
MetallicLead
Disposalofmetalliclead,suchaswheelweightsorsheeting,canbedonebyshippingtoaleadormetalsfoundry,orametalsrecycler(metallicleadisnotlistedintheTransportation of Dangerous Goods Actorregulations).
LeadedPaint/Soils
Disposaloptionsforleadedpaint,sandblastresidue,andleadcontaminatedsoils/materialsfrompistolandriflerangebackstopsincludetransporttoaregisteredhazardouswastedisposalfacility,oraleadormetalsfoundry.Thereceivingfacilitymustberegisteredinthereceivingprovinceorterritoryandapprovedtomanagethatwaste.
AlternativeManagementMethods
Therearenumerousmethodsforstabilizinghazardouscomponents,suchaslead,insoilsorothermedia(e.g.zeolite,concrete)thatpreventtheirmovementintothegreaterenvironment.Thestabilizationmethodsandeffectivenessaretypicallydependentonsitespecificconditions;thereforeacomprehensivelistingofalternativemanagementmethodsisbeyondthescopeofthisguideline.EDmayapprovesubjecttoconditions,ifleachatetestresultsareinaccordancewiththeGuideline for Hazardous Waste Management. Considerationwillbegiventoproposalsforalternatemanagementmethodsthatprovidealevelofenvironmentalprotectionequivalenttothosediscussedinthisguideline.AlternativemanagementmethodsmustbesubmittedtoEDforreviewandapprovalbeforebeingutilized.
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4 ConclusionThisguidelinepresentsabriefintroductiontothemanagementofwasteleadandleadamendedpaint.Itisintendedtoprovidedirectionwhenmakingwastemanagementdecisionsinordertopreventthedischargeofcontaminants,orsituationsthatcontributetothelikelydischargeofcontaminants.Itdoesnotreplacetheexistinglegislationwhichisreferencedintheguideline.Pleasecontacttheappropriateagencybeforeproceeding.Formoreinformationregardinghazardouswastepleasevisitourwebsite (http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/node/3054)orcontact:
EnvironmentDivisionDepartmentofEnvironmentandNaturalResourcesGovernmentoftheNorthwestTerritoriesPOBox1320700,5102-50AvenueYellowknifeNT X1A2L9
Tel:(867)767-9236ext.53176Fax:(867)873-0221
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G U I D E L I N E F O R T H E M A N A G E M E N T O F W A S T E L E A D A N D L E A D P A I N T 1 5
Appendix1:Environmental Protection ActThefollowingisasubsetoftheEnvironmental Protection Act,R.S.N.W.T.1988,c.E-3.1
1. InthisAct,
“contaminant”meansanynoise,heat,vibrationorsubstanceandincludessuchothersubstanceastheMinistermayprescribethat,wheredischargedintotheenvironment,(a) endangersthehealth,safetyorwelfareofpersons,(b) interferesorislikelytointerferewithnormalenjoymentoflifeorproperty,(c) endangersthehealthofanimallife,or(d) causesorislikelytocausedamagetoplantlifeortoproperty;
“discharge”includes,butnotsoastolimitthemeaning,anypumping,pouring,throwing,dumping,emitting,burning,spraying,spreading,leaking,spilling,orescaping;
“environment”meansthecomponentsoftheEarthandincludes(a) air,landandwater,(b) alllayersoftheatmosphere,(c) allorganicandinorganicmatterandlivingorganisms,and(d) theinteractingnaturalsystemsthatincludecomponentsreferredtoinparagraphs(a)to(c).
“inspector”meansapersonappointedundersubsection3(2)andincludestheChiefEnvironmentalProtectionOfficer.
2.2 TheMinistermay(a) establish,operateandmaintainstationstomonitorthequalityof,andthedischargeofcontaminants
intotheenvironmentintheTerritories;(b) conductresearchstudies,conferencesandtrainingprogramsrelatingtocontaminantsandtothe
preservation,protectionorenhancementoftheenvironment;(c) develop,co-ordinateandadministerpolicies,standards,guidelinesandcodesofpracticerelatingto
thepreservation,protectionorenhancementoftheenvironment;
3. (2) TheChiefEnvironmentalProtectionOfficermayappointinspectorsandshallspecifyintheappointmentthatpowersthatmaybeexercisedandthedutiesthatmaybeperformedbytheinspectorunderthisActandregulations.
1 TheEnvironmental Protection Act(EPA)isupdatedfromtimetotime.AsthisisasubsetoftheEPA,ENRrecommendsthereaderreviewtheofficialAct.
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4. (1)WheretheChiefEnvironmentalProtectionOfficerisoftheopinion,basedonreasonablegrounds,thatitisnecessaryoradvisablefortheprotectionoftheenvironmenttodoso,theChiefEnvironmentalProtectionOfficermay,byorderdirectedtoanyperson,requirethatperson(a) toinstallsafeguardstopreventthedischargeofcontaminantsintotheenvironment;(b)tosite,transportorstoreanycontaminantinthemannersetoutintheorder;or(c) tohaveonhandatalltimestheequipmentandmaterialnecessarytoalleviatetheeffectofany
dischargeofcontaminantsthatmaybespecifiedintheorder.
(2)WhereaninspectorbelievesonreasonablegroundsthatadischargeofacontaminantincontraventionofthisAct,theregulationsoraprovisionofapermitorlicenceislikelytooccur,theinspectormayissueanorderrequiringanypersonwhoseactionsmayincreasethelikelihoodofadischargeortheownerorpersonincharge,managementorcontrolofthecontaminanttotakethepreventivemeasuresthattheinspectorconsidersnecessary.R.S.N.W.T.1988,c.117(Supp.),s.7.
5. (1) Subjecttosubsection(3),nopersonshalldischargeorpermitthedischargeofacontaminantintotheenvironment.
(2) REPEALED,R.S.N.W.T.1988,c.117(Supp.),s.8.
(3) Subsection(1)doesnotapplywherethepersonwhodischargedthecontaminantorpermittedthedischargeofthecontaminantestablishesthat(a) thedischargeisauthorizedbythisActortheregulationsorbyanorderissuedunderthisActor
theregulations;(a.1) thedischarge
(i) isauthorizedbyanActoftheParliamentofCanadaortheNorthwestTerritoriesorbyregulationsmadeunderanyofthoseActs,and
(ii) isnotaddressedinthisActortheregulationsorbyanorderissuedunderthisActortheregulations;
(b)thecontaminanthasbeenusedsolelyfordomesticpurposesandwasdischargedfromwithinadwellinghouse;
(c) thecontaminantwasdischargedfromtheexhaustsystemofavehicle;(d)thedischargeofthecontaminantresultedfromtheburningofleaves,foliage,wood,cropsor
stubblefordomesticoragriculturalpurposes;(e) thedischargeofthecontaminantresultedfromburningforlandclearingorlandgrading;(f) thedischargeofthecontaminantresultedfromafiresetbyapublicofficialforhabitat
managementofsilviculturepurposes;(g) thecontaminantwasdischargedforthepurposesofcombattingaforestfire;(h)thecontaminantisasoilparticleorgritdischargedinthecourseofagricultureorhorticulture; or(i) thecontaminantisapesticideclassifiedandlabelledas“domestic”underthePestControl
ProductsRegulations(Canada).
(4) Theexceptionssetoutinsubsection(3)donotapplywhereapersondischargesacontaminantthattheinspectorhasreasonablegroundstobelieveisnotusuallyassociatedwithadischargefromtheexceptedactivity.
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5.1.WhereadischargeofacontaminantintotheenvironmentincontraventionofthisActortheregulationsortheprovisionsofapermitorlicenceissuedunderthisActortheregulationsoccursorareasonablelikelihoodofsuchadischargeexists,everypersoncausingorcontributingtothedischargeorincreasingthelikelihoodofsuchadischarge,andtheownerorthepersonincharge,managementorcontrolofthecontaminantbeforeitsdischargeorlikelydischarge,shallimmediately:(a) subjecttoanyregulations,reportthedischargeorlikelydischargetothepersonorofficedesignated
bytheregulations;(b) takeallreasonablemeasuresconsistentwithpublicsafetytostopthedischarge,repairany
damagecausedbythedischargeandpreventoreliminateanydangertolife,health,propertyortheenvironmentthatresultsormaybereasonablyexpectedtoresultfromthedischargeorlikelydischarge;and
(c) makeareasonableefforttonotifyeverymemberofthepublicwhomaybeadverselyaffectedbythedischargeorlikelydischarge.
6. (1)WhereaninspectorbelievesonreasonablegroundsthatadischargeofacontaminantincontraventionofthisActortheregulationsoraprovisionofapermitorlicenceissuedunderthisActortheregulationshasoccurredorisoccurring,theinspectormayissueanorderrequiringanypersoncausingorcontributingtothedischargeortheownerorthepersonincharge,managementorcontrolofthecontaminanttostopthedischargebythedatenamedintheorder.
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Appendix2:RegulatoryAgencies,LandandWaterBoards,WasteExchanges,andAssociations
RegulatoryAgencies1. EnvironmentalHealth DepartmentofHealthandSocialServices 501549Street Box1320 Yellowknife,NT X1A2L9 Phone:(867)767-9066
2. Workers’SafetyandCompensationCommission GeneralInquiries CentreSquareTower,5thFloor Phone:(867)920-3888 502249Street Fax:(867)873-4596 Box8888 TollFree:1-800-661-0792 Yellowknife,NT X1A2R3 IndustrialSafety(Inuvik):1(867)678-2301
LandandWaterBoardsGwich’inLandandWaterBoard (867)777-4954 http://glwb.com/MackenzieValleyLandandWaterBoard (867)669-0506 http://mvlwb.com/SahtuLandandWaterBoard (867)598-2413 http://slwb.com/Wek’eezhiiLandandWaterBoard (867)713-2500 http://wlwb.ca/InuvialuitWaterBoard (867)678-2942 www.inuvwb.ca/EnvironmentalImpactScreeningCommittee (867)777-2828 http://www.screeningcommittee.ca/
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WasteExchangesCanadianenvironmental.com http://www.canadianenvironmental.com/Stobec (800)561-6511 http://www.stobec.com/en/home/WasteExchangeNetwork http://www.wastechange.com/canada.html
EnvironmentalAssociationsBCEnvironmentIndustryAssociation (604)683-2751 http://www.hazwastebc.comCanadianAssociationforLaboratory AccreditationInc.(CALA)
(613)233-5300 http://www.cala.ca
EcoCanada (800)890-1924 http://www.eco.caEnvironmentalServicesAssociation ofAlberta
(800)661-9278 http://www.esaa.org
GlobalAlliancetoEliminateLead http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/public_health/gaelp/en/
NorthernTerritoriesWater andWasteAssociation
(867)873-4325 http://www.ntwwa.com
StandardsCouncilofCanada(EnvironmentalLaboratories)
(613)238-3222 https://www.scc.ca/en/accreditation/laboratories
PaintAssociationsCanadianPaintandCoatingAssociation
(613)231-3604 http://www.canpaint.com/
MasterPainterInstitute http://www.mpi.net/SocietyforProtectiveCoatings (877)281-7772 http://www.sspc.org/
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ReferencesCanadianCouncilofMinistersoftheEnvironment(CCME),1997RecommendedGuidelines-Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for Lead; (EC1996;HC1996).
CanadianCouncilofMinistersoftheEnvironment(CCME),1999Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Environmental and Human Health.
ISBN1-896997-34-1PublicationNo.1299
GovernmentofAlberta,WorkSafeAlberta.Occupational Health and Safety Bulletin: Lead at the Work Site,(November2013).Availableon-lineat:https://work.alberta.ca/documents/OHS-Bulletin-CH071.pdf
GovernmentofCanada,HealthCanada.Final Human Health State of the Science Report on Lead.(February2013).ISBN:978-1-100-21304-0.Availableon-lineat: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/dhhssrl-rpecscepsh/index-eng.php
GovernmentofCanada,HealthCanada.Risk Management Strategy for Lead.(February2013). ISBN:978-1-100-21305-7.Availableon-lineat: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/contaminants/prms_lead-psgr_plomb/index-eng.php
KennethA.Timber,DanielP.Adley,(1994),Project Design Industrial Lead Paint Removal Handbook Volume ll. TechnologyPublishingCompany,Pittsburgh,PA.
KennethA.Timber,(1993),Industrial Lead Paint Removal Handbook2ndEdition,PublishedbyKTA-Tator,Inc.Pittsburgh,PA,ASteelStructuresPaintingCouncilText.
Workers’SafetyandCompensationCommission.Working with Lead Guideline.(May2017)Availableon-lineat:http://www.wscc.nt.ca/sites/default/files/documents/Working%20With%20Lead%20Guideline%20Code%20of%20Practice%20NT%20and%20NU%20English_0.pdf
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