Download - Linux Pres
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
1/47
LINUX
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
2/47
X window systemy When Unix releasedit wasa commandline
interface(CLI) based OS.
y Users mayneedto learn &remember the commands,parametersandsyntax.
y New users feel uncomfortable usingthisCLI ,leadstothedevelopment of GUI graphical user interface for
UNIX.y UNIX GUI comprises of 3 layers:
yX Window system, Window manager , and Desktopenvironment.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
3/47
y Beinga Unix clone LINUXalso followsthese GUIstandards.
y Window System: Set ofsoftware librariesthatis usedtomanagethegraphical capabilities ofasystem.
y Linux uses -X Window system (X or X11)
y Developedin 1980s @ Massachusetts university(MIT)y Itisnotlimitedto anyOS or hardware.
y TheX Window System (commonlyX or X11) isa computer
softwaresystem andnetwork protocolthat providesagraphical user interface(GUI) for networked computers.
y It provides windowing on computer displaysand manageskeyboardand pointingdevice control Functions.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
4/47
yXis builtasalayer ontop ofthe operatingsystem
kernel.yX FollowsClient-server architecture.
y Clientrequest aservicesuchasdisplaying clientdata
y Server responds byprovidingtheservice.
y It uses clientserver protocol calledX Protocol.
yXClients: Application programsthat utilizestheservices ofthe X Server.
yX Server : Software program thatservesthe clientrequest.
y Eg.: Accelerated X, Metro X.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
5/47
y Whenahardwareeventsuchasthe keypress or mousemovement occurs,the XServer receivesthe
informationand passesitto the clientapplication.y Client processthe receivedinformationandsendsa
request back to theserver.
y Eg. ofsuch requestis:To displaya character or draw
somegraphics. Theserver thenexecutesthis request.yXServer and clients can be onsame machine or on
different machines over thenetwork.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
6/47
X Desktop environmenty Desktop environment: Itisa user interface runs on
the window manager.
yXdesktop environment -Providesa collection ofgraphical utilities-XClients.
y It providesa graphical file manager andaset ofapplicationand utilities.
y User can work onthisenvironment.y Popular desktop environmentsare:GNOME,
KDE,CDE etc.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
7/47
Window managery Itis used bythe window system to storeinformation
aboutthelocation ofeach window onthedesktop.
y Also managessizeandstatus ofeach window(maximized or minimized).
y Commonlyused window manager :saw fish
y Also provides widgets(icons,buttonsetc.)
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
8/47
GNOME desktop environmenty GNU Network Object Model Environment.
y DefaultDesktop environment for Red hat Linux.
y Comprises of X 11 clientsto support X11 desktopenvironment.
y Default window manager isSawfish.
y Other window managersthat can be usedare:
Enlightment, Window Maker, IceWM etc.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
9/47
Gnome Features
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
10/47
y Open source software available free of cost.
y UsesCOBRA(Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture)for development-Allowsapplicationrunning on GNOME to interoperate.
y Gnomecan run on any compliant windowmanager.
y SupportsDrag and drop - Users can move objects.
y GNOME applicationaresession aware-Allowstheapplicationsto remember the open windowsandpositions.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
11/47
y Gnomehasagraphicaltoolkit-GTK(Gnome tool kit)-
used forvariousgraphicalapplicationslikeGIMP.y Supports3Dwiththehelp ofMesa-opensource
implementation of OpenGL.
y Extensivedocumentation.
y Supportsmany national languages.-Canaddnewones.
y Supportsvirtual consoles andmultiple desktops.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
12/47
Gnome Panel
y Gnomeinterface mainlyconsists of Gnome panelandthedesktop area.
y Gnome-panel isahighlyconfigurablelauncher andtaskbar for GNOME.
y It formsacore part ofthedefault GNOME desktop.y Can customizethe panel.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
13/47
y
Gnome panel consist ofthe following objects:
Menus,Launchers,Applets,Drawers,Special objects.
y Menus :List ofitemsthat can useto starta program,
executea command.y Launchers: Buttonsto starta program or a command.
y Placedinsidethe panel.
y Canspecifythe properties.
y Applets : Smallapplicationsthatare placed onthepanel.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
14/47
y Drawers: Extension ofa panelthat can open or close.Can useto storelaunchers,applets or other drawers.
y Special object: Will perform special operationthatarenotavailable on other objects.
y Eg.: Logout button.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
15/47
Gnome Control center
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
16/47
y Allowsto configurevariousaspects ofthe OS.
y In control center -Can usea collection of controltools
knownastheCapplets or applets to configure.y Dividedinto 2 planes.:
y Left plane:Displaysthe menu ofavailableCapplets.
y Right plane:Displaysthe workspace of menu item
selected .
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
17/47
Capplets
y Controlappletsto configurethesystem.
y Some ofthe c applets group are:
y Desktop Capplety Document Handlers
y Multimedia Capplet
y Peripherals
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
18/47
Desktop Capplet
y Background CApplet
y To specifythe properties ofthedesktop.
y Canadjust color(solid or gradient),image(tiled, center ,
stretch)
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
19/47
y ScreensaverCapplet
y To modifythe properties ofscreensaver.
y Canspecifythescreensaver from thelistandadjustitssettings.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
20/47
Document Handlersy To specifythesettings relatedto documenthandling.
DefaultEditor Capplet:y To selectthedefaulteditor for GNOME from thelist.
y In file manager, whenyou double click onthe file,thefile opens byusingtheselectededitor.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
21/47
y MIMETypes Capplet
y MIME-multimedia internet mail extension
y To configurevarious filetypes.y Allowsaspecific extension fileto be opened witha
particular application mentioned.
y Eg:.html fileto be opened withgedit application.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
22/47
y URL Handlers CApplet:
y To configure which programsare usedto displaythe
URL.y Canspecifythe program to openthehelp pages(man
pages). Default program:gnomehelp browser.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
23/47
Multimedia Capplety To specifythe multimediasettings ofthesystem.
Sound CApplet:
y To specifysettings for thesoundin Gnome.y Have Generaltab and Soundeventstab
y General tabwillallowsto enable/disablethesoundfeature.
y Sound events tabwillspecifythename ofsound filesthatareneedto beassociated withtheevents.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
24/47
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
25/47
PeripheralsTo specifythe properties ofthe peripheralsinthesystem.
CD Peripherals CApplety To specifythe properties oftheCD ROM drivesuchas
automaticallymounttheCD wheninserted, Open filemanager etc.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
26/47
Key board Capplet:
y
To specifythe keyboard relatedsettings.y canspecifythe repeat rate, repeatdelay,click sounds,
keyboarderror sound(bells) etc.
y MouseCapplet:y To specifythe mouse functionalities.
y Canspecifytheswitching ofleftand right mousebuttons functions, motion of mouse pointer etc.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
27/47
File managery Gnomehasagraphical manager thatyou can useto
mange filesanddirectories onthe computer.
y GNUMidnight Commander(GMC)based onMidnightCommander File Manager.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
28/47
Navigation
yCan openthe file manager byselectingthe file mangercommand from the main menu or bydouble clickingthehomedirectory.
y Canalso specifytheviewing optionslikeicon,details,
or customviews.
Creating and removing directories
y Selectdirectoryoption from the File menu andspecify
thename.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
29/47
y Moving files
y Renaming files
y Deleting filesy Viewing file operations
Showsthe read,write,execute properties,ownershipinformation ofa file.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
30/47
K Desktop environment(KDE)
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
31/47
y KDE isa GUI for Linuxthat offersvarious utilities.
y Italso providesKofficesuite
y Most widelyusedinterface on Linuxsystems.y Matthias Ettrich initiatedtheKDE projectin 1996 for
Unix,initiallyknownasKool Desktop environment.
y
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
32/47
Features:
y Provides over 150 utilities.
y Free of costy Onlinehelp
y Provide officesuite
y Supportssession management
y Supports multipledesktops.
y SupportsDraganddrop feature
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
33/47
KDE interfaceKDE displaysthe following:
y KDE panelat bottom
y Desktop
Desktop
Defaulticonsshownare:
y Kontrol panel-OpensControl panel
y
Autostart-Specifytheapplicationsthat wouldstartwhenloggedin.
y Linux Documenation-Willgoto linux documentationproject website
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
34/47
y Printer-displaysthe printqueuedialog box.
y Cdrom,floppy,trash,www.redhat.com icons
Panel
y Showsvariousiconsand buttons.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
35/47
KonquerorWeb browser and file manager for KDE
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
36/47
y Compliant with HTML 4,support JAVAand otherplugins.
y
Enablesto perform basic andadvanced filemanagement operations.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
37/47
K OfficeOfficesuiteincludesthe following:
y KWord
y Kspready K presenter
y KChart
y Killustrator
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
38/47
KWordy Word processing andDTP application.
y Allowsto applypredefinedstyles,templatesetc.
y Offersall word processing operationssimilar to others.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
39/47
K Spread
y Spreadsheetapplication,support mathematicalformulaeandstatistics.
y Supportalldataanalysis operations.
Kpresenter
y To create presentations.
y Caninsertgraphics,images and other objects.
KC
harty To create chartsandgraphs.Can embedd these charts
to other docs.
y Supportsline,bar,pie,area charts ..
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
40/47
K illustrator
y To create 2Ddrawings.
y Can create points,lines,rectangles ,polygonsetc.y Canexportthesedrawingsto EPS(encapsulated
postscript format)
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
41/47
K maily E mail client forKDE
y Supports IMAP,POP3.
y Providesaddress book ,emailaddressesetc.
y Supportssearchandspell check.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
42/47
KDE Control centery Similar to Gnome control center.
y Allowsto modifythe user andsystem settings.
y Open by: control center commandinapplicationmenu.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
43/47
Control center window isdividedinto 2 planes:
y Left plane-showsthelist of configuration modules.
y Right plane-Showsthesettings for theselectedmodule.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
44/47
KDE control center havethe following modules:
y File browsing-file manager,assocations
y Help-settings relatedto help search
y Information
y Look and feel
y Networky Peripherals
y Personalization-keybaord layout,country,passwords.
y Power control-Batterymonitor and warnings
y Sound-midi,mixer,soundserver settings.
y System-bootmanager(LILO),date & time,login manager.
yWeb browsing-Settings for web browser.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
45/47
Kjotsy Usedto writeshortnotes.
y Start byutilities>Kjot command.
y Can organizenotes bycreating pagesand books.y To create book: File>New book,andnamethe book
indialog box.
y Allowsto work on multiple bookssimultaneously
y Canspecifysubjects for the pages.y To selecta page:>selectsubject from thesubjectlist of
hotlist menu.
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
46/47
y Canadd or remove books from thehotlist.
y To customizethisapplication useoption menu
-
8/9/2019 Linux Pres
47/47
K Disk Freey Providethe overview oftheharddisks onyour
computer.
y
Monitor thestatus of Harddisks.y Allowsto mount or unmount adevice.
y Start by: System>Disk free command.
y Canalso customizethisapplication usingoption
menu.