ТЕТЕТЕТЕТЕТЕТЕТЕCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLCHNICAL WORKSHOP ON LOCUST CONTROLDUSHANBEDUSHANBEDUSHANBEDUSHANBEDUSHANBEDUSHANBEDUSHANBEDUSHANBE, , , , , , , , ТАТАТАТАТАТАТАТАJIKISTANJIKISTANJIKISTANJIKISTANJIKISTANJIKISTANJIKISTANJIKISTAN, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18, 18--------22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 ООООООООCTOBERCTOBERCTOBERCTOBERCTOBERCTOBERCTOBERCTOBER 20102010201020102010201020102010Locust sprayingLocust spraying: : ULV ULV vsvs ECEC??
-Item 10 of the technical Workshop-
АА..VV. . LatchininskyLatchininsky –– FAO International ConsultantFAO International Consultant
The two main locust spraying techniques
High-volume spraying Ultra-low volume spraying (ULV)
Applied volume200-300 l/ha
Applied volume1 l/ha
Water-based insecticide formulations, such as Emulsifiable
Concentrate (EC)
Oil formulations specifically preparedfor ULV
Large droplets (>200 µm) Small droplets (50-100 µm)
ULV technology
• Developed in the 1950s to control the Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål 1775)
• The most worldwide used technology to control locusts
• The most efficient and cost-effective and the less harmful to human beings and the Environment
Therefore, fully supported and promotedTherefore, fully supported and promoted
by FAOby FAO
HighHigh--volume volume
sprayingspraying
No need to mix To be diluted with water
Minimal water use
(for secondary needs only )
Huge quantities of water needed
& related costs...
ULVULV
Low volatility of the
oil formulation
High volatility of the
water mixture
Optimum size of the droplets
50-100 µm
Drops either too large or
too small
Droplet size and coverage quality of the treated areas
� Reducing droplet size increases the number of droplets
� Small droplets provide a higher density per cm2
than the large ones
� Small droplets have a better penetration than large ones through dense vegetation
ØØ 200 200 µµmm ØØ 100 100 µµmm
1 1 dropdrop �������� 8 8 dropletsdroplets
With the same volume:
��������
3 m 3 m
ØØ 200 200 µµmm ØØ 20 20 µµmm
5 seconds 5 minutes
Optimum droplet density for locust control is considered to be of 20/cm²
1 1 cmcm
1 1 cmcm
Droplet diameterµm
Volume to applyl/ha
985 1,000
576 200
363 50
267 20
168 5
98 1
Optimum Ø:50-100 µm
Standard spray
What is important is not only the droplet size but also the droplet spectrum: the most homogeneous is the spray, the best it is
Spray from rotating atomizer
(ULV)
Droplet diameter Droplet diameter
%% %%
Aerosol generatorAerosol generator: : droplet diameter is ofdroplet diameter is of 11--20 20 µµmm
Aerosol generator: droplet diameter is of 1-20 µm
Тractor-mounted fan sprayer:droplet diameter is of 300-1,000 µm
ULV sprayer Micron АU 8115:droplet diameter 50-100 µm
High-volume spraying: direct deposit of the drops
ULV spraying: controlled drift
WindWind
Way to progress with the sprayer – perpendicular to wind
Spray with controlled drift – the principle of ULV technology
Hand-held ULV sprayer
Vehicle-mounted ULV sprayer
Aircraft equipped with ULV atomizers
Micron Ulva +(rotating atomizerwith batteries)
Micronair АU 8000(motorized)
Aircraft Antonov-2 equipped with Micronair АU 5000 Helicopter KA-26 equipped with Micronair АU 5000
Advantages of ULV oil formulations
• Less volatility
• Better adherence to plants which is especially important for pesticides with ingestion action, such as inhibitors of chitin synthesis (IGR)
• Biopesticides formulated as suspension of spores in vegetal oil
• Attractive properties of oil – vegetal oils attractive for locusts
Cannibalism among locusts
Locust are attracted to cadavers by volatile fatty acids.The same fatty acids are present in vegetable oils.
• Calibration is often disregarded
•• Failures in pest control are usually due to incorrect Failures in pest control are usually due to incorrect
calibration although inefficacy of pesticides is referred calibration although inefficacy of pesticides is referred
to in most casesto in most cases
•• Three parameters have to be calibratedThree parameters have to be calibrated: :
-- the size of the dropletsthe size of the droplets, ,
-- the height at which the droplets will be sprayedthe height at which the droplets will be sprayed, ,
-- the pesticide dosethe pesticide dose. .
Calibration
The spraying height has to be changed in
relation with the wind strength
For ULV spraying, the recommended wind
speed is from 2 to 10 m/sec
Which are the advantages of EC formulations Which are the advantages of EC formulations
as compared to ULV ones?as compared to ULV ones?
• Smaller amounts of pesticide for transportation and storage
• Less corrosiveness
• Simpler sprayers
• Wind-independence
• Versatility of EC insecticides
• No need for special sprayers
• Easier cleaning
EFFICACY
ULV EC
Performance of ULV sprayersPerformance of ULV sprayers
Motorized knapsack sprayer
Vehicle-mounted sprayer (without airblast)
Vehicle-mounted sprayer (with airblast)
Aircraft
Hand-held sprayer (no motor)
5 – 10 ha/day
30 – 50 ha/day
100 – 200 ha/day
200 – 400 ha/day
1,500 – 3,000 ha/day