Low Emission Zone Leipzig –
Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particles and
soot mass concentration
Fabian Rasch
TROPOS – Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research Leipzig
Department 'Experimental Aerosol and Cloud Microphysic'
Bratislava, 19-20/02/2014
Overview
Low Emission Zones – What is it? Who needs it?
What does effect it? Low emission zones in Europe
Low emission zone Leipzig* Technical measurement sites
Results and discussion
Further and deepening analyses for LEZ Leipzig
Summary and outlook
*in cooperation with the State Office Saxony for agriculture, environment and health (LfULG)
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Low Emission Zones – What is it? Who needs it? What does effect it?
one instrument of air monitoring
to reduce the particle concentration (regulary PM10 or PM2.5) in urban
atmosphere
to improve air quality for a better human health Immunological studies, morbidity and mortality
BUT:
Can a Low emission zone to reduce PM10/PM2.5-Concentration?! Or is this the
wrong parameter??
This is a controverse question in research, politic and society
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Low Emission Zones in Europe
Screenshot: http://lowemissionzones.eu/ 30/01/2014
membership countries „Rußfrei fürs Klima“
Low Emission Zone Leipzig
Around 512.000 inhabitants
Low emission zone with the highest level green (first town in Germany „from 0 to 100!“) from 01. March 2011
still more than thousand special persmissions til the end of 2016 (e.g. public transfer and some small enterprises)
around 63% of town area are the low emission zone LEZ (green marked)
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
five mesurement sites with scientific equipment 2 traffic hotspots (red), 2 urban background (orange), 1 ruralside (blue) uniform distribution in the town area
worldwide unique: this technical standard for a LEZ
next to the offical measurements of the LfULG a new scientific look
not only the PM-Concentrations are measured, but also high-times
resolved scientific measurements:
Particle Number Concentration Particle Volume Concentration Soot Mass (Black Carbon) Concentration
TROPOS´ tasks for the measurement sites at the LEZ
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
measurement site at Leipzig-Mitte
Technical equipment on each measurement site:
Particle size spectrometer: TDMPS (Twin Differential Mobility Particle Sizer): includes two Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) and two Differential Mobility Analyser (DMA) for the ultrafine (Dp < 100nm) and the fine particle (Dp > 100nm)
Particle Size Distribution (5-800nm), Particle Number Concentration, Particle Volume Concentration, Particle Mass Concentration.
Absorption photometer: MAAP (Multi Angle Absorption Photometer): Soot mass concentration and the Absorption coefficent
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
TDMPS, developed at TROPOS
MAAP, developed by ThermoScientific
Results 2009 - 2012 out from the publication Rasch et al. (2013)
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
meteorological conditions are in the average constant
PM10 stagnates
Soot mass concentration decreases 30% - traffic increment 2.41 1.75 µg/m³
Integrated ultrafine Particle Number Concentration[50-100nm] also decreases, BUT there are more fluctuations
- traffic increment N[50-100] 1580 1270 - measurement uncertainties and physical interactions
heavy traffic decreases around 30%
Low Emission Zone!!!!
Results Black Carbon
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Time series from 2009 Green boxes are the time for the analyses
Day cycles (workday) Left: before LEZ Right: with LEZ
2009 2010 2011 2012
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
mB
C in µ
g/m
³
L-Eiba L-Backgroundsummer period 01.05.-31.10.
2009 2010 2011 2012
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
mB
C in µ
g/m
³
traffic effectsummer period 01.05.-31.10.
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Traffic increment of BC on roadside 2009-2012
5 10 100 800
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Melpitz 2010
Melpitz 2011
Melpitz 2012
Summermedian
dN
/dlo
gD
p p
ro c
m³
Dp in nm
5 10 100 800
0
2000
4000
6000
8000 L-TROPOS 2010
L-TROPOS 2011
L-TROPOS 2012
Summermedian
dN
/dlo
gD
p p
ro c
m³
Dp in nm
Particle Size Distrbution Particle Number Concentration
Urban background Rural background
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
5 10 100 800
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000 L-Mitte 2010
L-MItte 2011
L-Mitte 2012
Summermediand
N/d
log
Dp
pro
cm
³
Dp in nm
Particle Size Distrbution Particle Number Concentration II
Traffic hotspot
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
with low emission zone
before low emission zone
L-Mitte L-Eiba L-Tropos L-West Melpitzm
BC in
µg
/ m
³
monday tuesday wednesday thursday friday saturday sunday
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Further and deepening analyses for LEZ Leipzig
Day-week-course for all 5 measurement sites
0
2
4
6
8
01.07.2010 01.11.2010 01.03.2011 01.07.2011 01.11.2011 01.03.2012 01.07.2012 01.11.2012 01.03.2013 01.07.2013 01.11.2013
0
1
2
3
4
5
mB
C in
µg
/m³
L-West L-Mitte
traffic effect at L-Mitte
mB
C in
µg
/m³
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
01.11.2008 01.04.2009 01.09.2009 01.02.2010 01.07.2010 01.12.2010 01.05.2011 01.10.2011 01.03.2012 01.08.2012 01.01.2013 01.06.2013 01.11.2013
0
1
2
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
L-Eiba L-background
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
traffic effect L-Eiba
Following and continuous measurement Traffic increments at L-Mitte an L-Eisenbahnstraße from 01 of November 2008
01.07.2010 01.11.2010 01.03.2011 01.07.2011 01.11.2011 01.03.2012 01.07.2012 01.11.2012 01.03.2013 01.07.2013 01.11.2013
0
2
4
6
01.07.2010 01.11.2010 01.03.2011 01.07.2011 01.11.2011 01.03.2012 01.07.2012 01.11.2012 01.03.2013 01.07.2013 01.11.2013
0
2
4
6
8
difference L-Mitte-Melpitz difference L-Mitte-L-West difference L-Mitte-L-Tropos
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
L-Tropos L-West L-Eisenbahnstraße L-Mitte Melpitz
mB
C in
µg
/ m
³
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Times series for soot mass concentration for the LEZ Leipzig from 01.July 2010
Summary LEZ can reduce ultrafine particles, especially soot mass concentration. The soot mass inkrement and the ultrafine fraction [50-100nm] on the traffic sites decreases around 30%
Heavy traffic decreases around 30%
Soot is a toxic particle, this reducing effect is a success for the instrument LEZ
Soot and the ultrafine particles have a very small ratio in mass for the PM-Concentation
They are too small, but cause of their small size they can pentrate deeply in human respiratory passages and deposit there
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Summary II The PM10-value is maybe the wrong parameter for the LEZ too many
factors influence the PM10-Concentration
it was shown, that LEZ can reduce the heavy traffic, the ultrafine particle concentration and the toxic soot, BUT is only one instrument to improve sustainably the air quality and human health!!
Outlook
Further measurements and explicit meteorological analyses will show
clearer the impact and influence of meteorological parameters for a working LEZ in the town Leipzig (project 2014/2015)
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration
Literature
Rasch, F. , Birmili, W., Weinhold, K., Nordmann, S., Sonntag, A., Spindler, G., Herrmann, H., Wiedensohler, A., Löschau, G. (2013).
Signifikante Minderung von Ruß und der Anzahl ultrafeiner Partikel in Außenluft als Folge der Umweltzone in Leipzig – Significant reduction of ambient black carbon and particle number in Leipzig as a result of the low emission zone. Gefahrstoffe- Reinhaltung der Luft 11-12/2013, Seite 483-489 © Springer-VDI-Verlag Löschau, G., Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Rasch, F., Spindler, G., Müller, K., Wolf, U., Hausmann, A., Herrmann, H.(2012)
Umweltzone Leipzig - Teil 1 Ausgangsbeurteilung. https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/14411
Löschau, G.;+, Wiedensohler, A., Birmili, W., Rasch, F. Spindler, G., Müller, K., Wolf, U., Hausmann, A., Böttger, M., Anhalt, M., Herrmann, H. (2013).
Umweltzone Leipzig Teil 2: Immissionssituation 2011 https://publikationen.sachsen.de/bdb/artikel/18590 soon: Rasch, F., Löschau G. (2014).
Vertiefende Analysen zur Umweltzone Leipzig
Fabian Rasch 19-20/02/2014 Bratislava |
Low Emission Zone Leipzig – Low emission zones can reduce ultrafine particle and soot mass concentration