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7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-1
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model
Economic framework
Manajemen Keuangandan Teknologi E-Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-3
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model
Economic framework
Continued Growth Hosts: 36,739,000 (7/98); 16,729,000 (7/97)
.com: 10,301,570
.net: 7,054,863
.edu: 4,464,153
Web servers: 3.35M (10/98); 130%
Bill Goffe, Univ. of Southern Mississippi
Bob Parks, Washington University
George Greenwade, Sam Houston State University
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-4
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model
Economic framework
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-5
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model
Economic framework
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-6
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model
Economic framework
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-7
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-8
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
The Imperatives of Technology Applications of technology require precise
subdivision and coordination of activities.
Large-scale subdivision generates complexitywhich must be comprehended and managed.
Complexity extends production processes in time
and space.
Spatial extension through the supply chain
Temporal extension through component fabrication and
assembly
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-9
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
The Imperatives of Technology
Microeconomic Consequences:
Large overhead costs.
Significant economies of scale and scope.Multi-dimensional product characteristics.
Consequences for Industrial Organization
Strategic rather than competitive environment.Non-price competition (branding and product
differentiation).
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-10
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Information and the Economic Landscape
What is the role of information in the economic
landscape?
The Hayek model: Competitive paradigm Prices are sufficient statistics for information about the
state of the market.
Competitive markets aggregate economic information.
Decentralized decision-making requires only prices asinputs to decision processes.
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-11
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Information and the Economic Landscape
Strategic distortions of the competitive model:
Information is internalized in the supply chain and
through long-term contracting relationships betweenfirms.
Market segmentation and price discrimination mask
information content of prices.
Product differentiation fragments information. Strategic interactions (pricing and marketing) entangle
information through versioning and bundling decisions.
k l
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-12
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
The Internet and the New Economy Information technology is simultaneously
intensifying the strategic features of the economic
landscape, while making it more competitive. Strategic Intensification
Greater scope for both B2B and B2C commercial interactions
Tightening of existing supply chains through internet data
transfer protocols
Dis- and re-intermediation of consumer sales.
j & k l i i i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-13
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
The Internet and the New Economy Intensification of competition
Digital goods and services are the most extreme examples of
the technological imperative: All costs are fixed costs --
marginal cost is zero. Wide-spread adoption of information technology puts zero cost
production (copying) capabilities in everyones hands.
Wide-spread adoption of technology gives economic agents
vastly expanded access to information about products and
prices.
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-14
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Electronic Transaction
Transaction
Performance:
Selected
Price
Transaction-Related Value Sources:
Transaction Characteristics
Technology-
Related Value
Sources:Search, Evaluation
and SelectionCa abilities
Transaction Process
Traditional Transaction
Buyer-Related Value Sources:
Buyer Behavior
Traditional vs electronic transaction
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-15
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
What is the Internet?
Where did it come from?
The Internet is a world-wide network of computer networks that use a
common communications protocol, TCP/IP (Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). TCP/IP provides a common language for
interoperation between networks that use a variety of local protocols
(Ethernet, Netware, AppleTalk, DECnet and others).
In the late sixties, the Advanced Research Projects Administration
(ARPA), a division of the U.S. Defense Department, developed the
ARPAnet to link together universities and high-tech defense
contractors. The TCP/IP technology was developed to provide astandard protocol for ARPAnet communications. In the mid-eighties
the NSF created the NSFNET in order to provide connectivity to its
supercomputer centers, and to provide other general services. The
NSFNET adopted the TCP/IP protocol and provided a high-speed
backbone for the developing Internet.
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-16
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
What do people do on the Internet?
How big is the Internet?
Probably the most frequent use iselectronic mail
(e-mail). After that arefile transfer
(moving data from one computer to another) andremote login (logging into a computerthat is running somewhere else on the Internet). In terms of traffic volume, as of December
1994 about32% of total traffic was file transfer, 16% was World Wide Web (WWW), 11%
was netnews, 6% was email, 4% was gopher, and the rest was for other uses [Merit
Statistics]. People can search databases (including the catalogs of the Library of Congress
and scores of university research libraries), download data and software, and ask (or answer)
questions in discussion groups on numerous topics (including economics research).
From 1985 to December 1994, the Internet grew from about 200 networks to well
over 45,000 and from 1,000 hosts (end-user computers) to over four
million. About 1,000,000 of these hosts are at educational sites, 1,300,000 are commercialsites, and about 385,000 are government/military sites, all in the U.S. Most of the other
1,300,000 hosts are elsewhere in the world [Network Wizards]. NSFNET traffic grew from
85 million packets in January 1988 to 86 billion packets in November 1994. (Packets are
variable in length, with a bimodal distribution. The mean is about 200 bytes on average, and
a byte corresponds to one ASCII character.) This is more than a six hundred-fold increase in
only six years. The traffic on the network is currently increasing at a rate of 6% a month.
(NSFNET statistics are available at Merits Network Information Center1.)
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-17
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Types of ecommerce Business to business
Example ESIP 1 to ESIP 3 ecommerce
Business to consumerDistributing data products to non ESIP
customers.
Both types have different needs andresources.
Both types of customers can be served
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-18
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Barriers to success in ecommerceSurvey from commerce.netTop Ten Barriers to ecommerce, 2000
1. Security and encryption2. Trust and risk
3. Lack of qualified personnel
4. Lack of business models
5. Culture
6. User authentication and lack of public key infrastructure7. Organization
8. Fraud and risk of loss
9. Internet/Web is too slow and not dependable
10.Legal issues
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-19
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Business Models The method of doing business by which a company can generate
revenue.
The business model spells-out how a company makes money by
specifying where it is positioned in the value chain.
Ecommerce Models
There are many models being talked about, so it depends on who
you are asking.
Useful Categories
Transplanted real world business models
Native internet business models
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-20
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Internet economics is differentfrom real world economics
Real World
It is based on supply and demand
Value comes from a scarcity of goods andservices.
Internet Scarcity doesnt exist on the web. There is
almost no cost to replicate data.
The economics of abundance makes attention
valuable.
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-21
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Native Internet ModelsLibrary The internet is a source of
free information
Freeware Software is distributed free of
charge GNU or Netscape
Information Barter Provide information in trade
for the use of a product
Digital Products and digitaldelivery Images animation text that ispurchased
Access provision ISPs
Web site hosting and other
internet services
Electronic mail or web sites
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-22
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
High Level ModelsBrokerage Bring together buyers and sellers charging fees for transactionsAdvertising Extension of media broadcast high volume or specialized
Infomediary Collect data regarding usage Sell collected information
Merchant Classic wholesale and retail Fixed prices or Auctions
Manufacturer Direct to consumer Compress the supply chain
Affiliate Distribute purchase opportunity Sites get paid for referrals
Community Based on loyalty Subscription or sponsors
Subscription High value content May combine free and pay
Utility Pay for what is used May depend on byte payments
M j K & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-23
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Brokerage ExamplesMarket Exchange (Common B2B model) Broker charges the seller a transaction
fee baed on the value of the sale. Pricing can be offer/buy offer/negotiated buy, or
an auction offer/bid approach.
Virtual Mall-- A site that hosts many online merchants. The Mall typically charges
setup, monthly listing, and/or per transaction fees.
Metamediary -- a business that brings buyers and online merchants together and
provides transaction services such as financial settlement and quality assurance. It is
a virtual mall, but one that will process the transaction, track orders, and providebilling and collection services.
Auction Broker -- A site that conducts auctions for sellers (individuals or
merchants). Broker charges the seller a fee, which is typically scaled with the value
of the transaction.
Ma aj K a a & T k l i E Bi i
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-24
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Advertising ExamplesGeneralized Portal high-volume traffic driven by generic or diversified content orservices The high volume makes advertising profitable and permits further
diversification of site services.
Personalized Portal The generic nature of a generalized portal undermines userloyalty. The profitability of this portal in based on volume and possibly the value
of information derived from user choices.
Specialized Portal Also called a "vortal" (i.e., vertical portal). Volume is less
important than a well-defined user base This can be highly sought after as a venuefor certain advertisers who are willing to pay to reach that particular audience
Free Model Give users something for freeFreebies create a high volume site for
advertising opportunities. Viability is hardest when based purely on advertising
revenue. Opportunity to blend with infomediary model.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-25
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Infomediary ExamplesRecommender System A site that allows users to exchangeinformation with each other about the quality of products and services --
or the sellers with whom they have had a purchase experience (good or
bad). Recommender systems can take advantage of the affiliate model
offered by merchants to augment revenue from the sale of consumer
information.
Registration Model Content-based sites that are free to view butrequire users simply to register (other information may or may not be
collected). Registration allows inter-session tracking of users' site usage
patterns and thereby generates data of greater potential value in targeted
advertising campaigns. This is the most basic form of infomediary model.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-26
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Merchant ExampleBit Vendor a merchant that deals strictly in digital products and services and, in itspurest form, conducts both sales and distribution over the web.
Virtual Merchant a business that operates only over the web and offers eithertraditional or web-specific goods or services (a.k.a., pure-play e-tailers). The method
of selling may be list price or auction
Surf-and-Turf Traditional brick-and-mortar establishment with web storefront. The
model has the potential for channel conflict. Physical stores can prove to be an asset ifcleverly integrated into web operations. Also known as "bricks-and-clicks".
Catalog Merchant The migration of mail-order to a web-based order business.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-27
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Perspective on Market Transactions (Dholakia et all)
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-28
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Economic Effects of Internet and Impacts on Marketing (Dholakia et all)
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-29
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Economic Effects of Internet and Impacts on Marketing (Dholakia et all)
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-30
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Measuring The Internet Economy (ODonnel)
Four Layer (CREC Univeristy of Texas)
Internet Infrastructure : including
Telecommunication Company, Internet Backbone
Providers, Internet Service Provider
Internet application infrastructure: principally,
software required for internet services, but also
consulting and service company hired to build websites
Internet Intermediary
Internet Commerce
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-31
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-32
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-33
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Four Common Topics inEconomics
Cost
Price
Demand
Substitutes and Complements
Externalities
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
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7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
34/57
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-34
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Cost
Producing
Duplicating
Distributing
Capacity Limits
Phone Service
Movies
Music
Stock Quotes
Magazines
Internet
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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35/57
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-35
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
The Cost of Information
The cost of producing the first unit of a digital good is
generally not small, and can be substantial.
As we have seen, the indestructibility and reproducibility
of digital goods means that the marginal cost of producing
an additional unit of the good is close to zero.
Because the cost of storing and transmitting stored
information is cheap (and continues to get cheaper), there
are also no effective capacity constraints on the production
of digital goods.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-36
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
HOW IS INTERNET ACCESS PRICED?
What other types of pricing have been considered?
There are three main elements of network costs:
The cost of connecting to the net,
The cost of providing additional network capacity, and
The social cost of congestion.
To reduce congestion
Peer pressure and user ethic
Quee and priority
Overprovisioning
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-37
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Cost Issues In typical networks, most of the cost of building and
operating the network is fixed, with the marginal cost
of providing network services (transportation,communication, transactions) generally small.
This implies that as the network increases in size, the
average cost of providing network services decreases.
Hence, there are natural incentives with networkedtechnologies for firms that operate the technology to
grow in size.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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38/57
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-38
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Pricing of Access to The Internet Flat Pricing
Auction Approach
Static Priority Pricing
Dynamic Priority Pricing
PMP Approach
Pricing of Goods and Services onThe Internet ?
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
39/57
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-39
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Price Value not cost
Segment
Personalize Bundle
Movie Theaters
Airlines
Books Printers
Lexis-Nexis
Amazon.com Super Markets Online
Internet
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-40
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Microsoft vs. Britannica
Pre-internet: 32 volume set ofEncyclopedia
Britannica cost $1600 in hardback.
Microsofts strategy for marketing electronic
encyclopedic services:
purchase Funk & Wagnalls Encyclopedia
use the content ofF&Wto produce a CD withmultimedia enhancements and a user friendly search
facility
market the result asMS Encarta for $49.95
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-41
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Result:
Britannica loses significant market share to the search
features and multimedia enhancements ofEncarta and
other electronic encyclopedias.
Britannica fights back:
Online version for libraries (cost: $2000)
But households, smaller schools and libraries continue to defect
to cheaper electronic encyclopedias and online encyclopediaservices
Britannica offers an online subscription for individuals for
$120/yr and CDROM for $200.
Households still not willing to pay 4 times the cost ofEncarta
Microsoft vs. Britannica
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-42
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
The Basic Rule for Profit-Maximization (Price - Marginal Cost)/Price = 1/-Ed
Not an operational decision rule - a statement of the condition required for maximum
profit
Can be re-stated in an average cost plus margin format
Pricing and Market Structures Under perfect competition, firms areprice-takers Under monopoly, firms areprice-makers (but still constrained by the requirement to
make maximum profit)
Under monopolistic competition, prices settle at the excess capacity level where P=AC
Price Discrimination Price discrimination exists when the same product is sold for different prices, that are
not attributable to differences in the cost of supply
Two conditions are needed:
the market must be divisible into sub-markets between which there cannot be any
arbitrage
demand conditions (elasticity) must be different in the sub-markets
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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43/57
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-43
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Third Degree Price Discrimination
A number of sub-markets, each containing a number of potential customers These markets may be separated by:
distance ( car prices differ between Europe and the UK - but is it really pricediscrimination?)
time (for non-storable commodities) - peak versus off-peak journeys
age and status - Student Railcards, Old Person Railcards
Second Degree Price Discrimination Customers are charged one price for the first block of units they purchase, thena different price for the second block electricity, water, gas tariffs
the producer appropriates part of the consumer surplus
First Degree Price Discrimination Every buyer is charged the maximum they are willing to pay (the demandcurve becomes the marginal revenue curve)
Can be difficult to evaluate willingness to pay but first degree discriminationmay be possible in personal, household or commercial services
Note that the socially optimal level of output will be produced but all thesurplus accrues to the producer
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-44
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Type ofmarket
Numberof firms
Freedom ofentry
Nature of product Examples Implications for demandcurve
faced by firm
Perfectcompetition
Verymany Unrestricted
Homogeneous(undifferentiated)
Cabbages,carrots
(approximately)
Horizontal:firm is a price taker
Monopolisticcompetition
Many /several
Unrestricted Differentiated Plumbers,restaurants
Downward sloping,but relatively elastic
Oligopoly Few RestrictedUndifferentiated
or differentiated
Cement
cars, electricalappliances
Downward sloping.Relatively inelastic(shape depends onreactions of rivals)
Monopoly One Restricted orcompletely
blocked
UniqueLocal water
company, gasand electricity inmany countries
Downward sloping:more inelastic thanoligopoly. Firm hasconsiderable control
over price
Market Stucture
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-45
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Market Structure Issues
The decreasing cost structure and incentives for firms to
grow will typically lead to market structures which are not
competitive Rather, they are characterized by the emergence of
monopolies or oligopolistic industry structures, with
substantial degrees of both upstream (supply chain) and
downstream (distribution network) integration. One focus of the course, then, will be to examine issues of
industrial organization in networked economic
environments.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-46
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Market Structure Issues
Positive Feedback
The larger the network, the greater the incentive to join
Example: Wintel network
Within the network, dont need adapters for file sharing or
communication
Outside the network, these activities become expensive
When positive feedback effects are strong, it can lead tomarket tipping, with the largest component of the network
growing at the expense of competiting networks.
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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47/57
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-47
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Market Strategy Issues
The nature of the demand for networked goods, and the underlying technology involvedin the supply of networked goods determines the optimal strategy for providing such
goods
Strategic dimensions include:
Compatibility or incompatibility
Cooperation or competition
Degree and mix of quality provided
Dynamics and feedback effects in market organization
Technology dictates standards and decision on whether or not to provide
compatibility across different products
These decisions determine the way industry structure will evolve (monopoly,
oligopoly, monopolistic competition, competition)
Market structure then determines pricing and profit margins
Hence, anticipations about the evolution of market structure are important inputs
into the decision on standard setting
Example: Microsofts recent negotiations with AOL over standards for Windows XP
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-48
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
What will be the market structure of
the information highway?
One interesting question is the interaction between
pricing schemes and market structure. If competingbackbones continue to offer only connection pricing, wouldan entrepreneur be able to skim off high-value users by
charging usage prices, but offering more efficient congestion
control? Alternatively, would a flat-rate connection price
provider be able to undercut usageprice providers, by
capturing a large share of low-value "baseloadcustomers
who prefer to pay for congestion with delay rather than
cash?
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-49
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Internet Market Segment
Content Growing rapidly$1.6B in revenue
Portals Raging phenomenon but nearly deadAOL: 34M subscribers, MSN: 8M subsribers, Yahoo: 1/3 of the portal market $2B in revenue
Advertising Declined over the last two yearsfor 2002 $5.5B in revenue
Web Hosting Dilemma: Customers will require less and less space for increasingly powerful server and price ofthe connectivity is falling. In 2000, the hosting markets revenue approximately $4B
ASPs One of the fastest growing segment of the internet economyIndustry estimates vary from $1B to $3B range in revenue
Backbone Highly concentrated segment (in 2002, top-tep backbone providers control 92% of the market)But (profit) margins are not generous.
CDNs CDNs expedite the delivery of internet content. Approximately $300M in 2001. The most widelyrecognized CDN operator is Akamai, with a 60-70% market share.
ISPs ISPs are the one sure expenditure for conumers. In 2002 ISP market to be approximately $31B,almost equally divided between consumer and bussines market.
E-commerce The value of of B2C commerce in 2002 will be approximately $40B. The B2B market issubstantially larger than B2C segment. In 2001 volume of B2B transaction was approximately $1B.
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
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Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E Bisnis
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-51
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Making payment in the physical
word
Making payment in cyberspace
using traditional payment
instrument
Making payment in cyberspace
using new means of payment
Alternative Currencies
Digital cash
Reward currencies
Brokerage MonetaryValue
Credit Card
Cardless charge account
Debit Cards
Checks
Stored Value
How monetary value is exchanged?
How payments are made?
Cash
Checks
Debit Cards
Credit Cards Stored value
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
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a aj a ga & g
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-52
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
E-FinanceThe provision of financial services and markets using
electronic communication and computation
(Allen, McAndrews, and Strahan, 2002)
The use of electronic payment system
The operation of financial services firms
The operation of financial markets
3 Area
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
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j g g
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-53
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
E-Finance and the financial services industry
Adoption of e-finance by financial services
firms
Financial intermediary
Insurance
Securities firms
The effects of E-finance on the financialservices sector
Disintermediation
ConsolidationAcces to Credit
E-Finance technologies in payment services
The impact on financial markets
Stock marketsForeign exchange markets
Bond Market
---------Jakarta Automated Trading System (JATS)
Sistem Kliring ElectronicReal Time Gross Settlement (RTGS)
Fedwire (US-RTGS)
CHIPS
SWIFT
CHAPS
TARGET
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/releases/20121107221618/tmp/Elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
54/57
j g g
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-54
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
E-Finance:Reshaping Financial Landscape
Recent Trends in financial services
Globalization Increased financial integration
Increased mergers and acquisitions within and cross borders
Lower barriers between markets
The new world of financial services Technological advances Change in industry structure
The new model for financial services provision
Change in trading systems
What effect ? Lower costs for providing financial services
Benefits for consumers and corporations
Access
Devices
PortalDistributions
Agregrators
Financial
Institutions
FinancialProduct
Electronic
Enablers
(Claessens, Glaessner, Klingebiel, 2002)
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
55/57
j g g
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-55
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
E-Finance:Reshaping Financial LandscapeCharacteristics of Financial services provision in an internet worldNone
Low
Medium
High
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
56/57
j g g
Program Pascasarjana, Universitas Gunadarma, Magister Management , Budi Hermana-56
Market ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
E-Finance:Reshaping Financial Landscape
Implication for public policy
Safety and soundness
Competition Policy
Consumer protection
Global public policy
Definition of product, markets,
and barriers to competition
Scale and scope economies
barriers to entry
Organizational structure and
competition Entry by nonbanks, links with
banks, vertical integration, and
competition
Security risks
Privacy
Transparency Investor protection
Development and enforcement of
standard
Manajemen Keuangan & Teknologi E-Bisnis
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/backup2003/lecture/elbank/electronic_payment.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt -
7/30/2019 Mankeu Ebisnis Lecture
57/57
j g gMarket ICT profile
Introduction IT and Bussiness Concept of Internet
Measurement
Cost Pricing
E-Finance
Type and Model Economic framework
Model Prilaku Pengguna E-Business (Proses
Adopsi)
ICT dan Makroekonomi (New Economics)
Regulasi tentang ICT di Indonesia Dampak E-bussiness terhadap kinerja
perusahaan
Pengukuran mutu layanan berbasis Electronic
(Webqual)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppthttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/2005/Ngajar/mankeu_ebis/ASIA_ICT.ppt