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RAYMOND MCLEOD AND GEORGE P SCHELL
© 2007 by Prentice HallManagement Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
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Management Information Systems, 10/e
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Penilaian
Absensi (5%)Keaktifan dikelas (5%)Tugas kelompok dan pribadi ( 30%)Ujian UTS dan UAS (30 % *2 = 60%)
© 2007 by Prentice HallManagement Information Systems, 10/e Raymond McLeod and George Schell
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Silabus
1. Konsep-konsep dasar1. Pengantar SI2. SI untuk keunggulan kompetitif3. TI dalam menjalankan perdagangan EC4. Pengguna dan pengembang Sistem
2. Sumberdaya informasi1. Sumberdaya komputasi dan komunikasi2. Sistem manajemen basis data3. Pengembangan sistem4. Informasi dalam praktik
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Silabus
3. Pengelolaan informasi dan teknologi1. Keamanan informasi2. Implikasi etis TI3. SPPK
4. Tugas besar (PROYEK)
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Referensi
[1]McLeod Jr, “Sistem Informasi Manajemen (Edisi 10)”, Pearson Education, U.S.A, 2007
[2]Laudon, “Sistem Informasi Manajemen: Mengelola Perusahaan Digital (Edisi 8)”, Penerbit ANDI, Yogyakarta, 2004
[3]Sutabri, “Sistem Informasi Manajemen”, Penerbit ANDI,
Yogyakarta, 2005
[4]Sutanta, “Sistem Informasi Manajemen”, Graha ilmu, Yogyakarta, 2003
[5] Indrajit, Richardus Eko “Manajemen Sistem Informasi dan
Teknologi Informasi”, Stimik Perbanas Renaissance Center
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INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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Chapter 1
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Learning Objectives
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Memahami bagaimana hardware komputer telah mengalami evolusi hingga mencapai tingkat kecanggihannya
Mengetahui dasar-dasar komputer dan arsitektur komunikasi
Memahami perbedaan antara sistem fisik dan sistem virtual
Menjelaskan bagaimana aplikasi-aplikasi bisnis telah mengalami evolusi dari yang tadinya menekankan pada data akuntansi hingga ke penekanan yang saat ini diberikan pada informasi untuk memecahkan masalah
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Learning Objectives (Cont’d)
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Memahami apa yang dimaksud dengan sistem ERP dan alasan dibalik kepopulerannya
Mengetahui bagaimana cara membuat sendiri sistem informasi untuk manejer yang didasarkan pada posisi mereka didalam struktur organisasi dan apa yang mereka lakukan
Memehami hubungan antara pemecahan masalah dan pengambilan keputusan serta mengathui langkah-langkah dasar pemecahan masalah
Mengetahui inovasi-inovasi apa yang diharapkan dalam teknologi informasi
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History of Information Systems
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Evolution in computer hardwareMainframe (1950an)Multitasking (1960an)
Smaller computersMinicomputers (1970an)Microcomputers (1980an)Personal computers (PC) (1980an)
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Intro to Computer Architecture
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Moore’s Law – kekuatan sebuah komputer akan meningkat dua kali lipat setiap 18 bulan.
Hardware – processor, keyboard, monitor, mouse, printer, etc.
Software – application, operating, etc. Used to support managerial decision making.
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Computer Architecture (Cont’d)
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Modem – alat peranti keras yang memodulasi sinyal digital dari sebuah komputer kedalam sinyal analog dan sebaliknya
Direct communication standards (tidak dengan sistem telepon public) Between computers is much faster.
Wireless networks (nirkabel)
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Figure 1.5 Communications Architecture
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Evolution in Computer Applications
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Information systems adalah suatu sistem virtual yang memungkinkan manajemen mengendalikan operasi sistem fisik perusahaan
Physical system – sumber daya berwujud, seperti bahan baku, karyawan, mesin dan uang
Virtual system – sumberdaya informai yang digunakan untuk mewakili sistem fisik
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Figure 1.6 The Physical System of the Firm
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Computer Applications (Cont’d)
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Open system adalah sistem fisik perusahaan yang berinteraksi dengan lingkungannya melalui aliran sumberdaya fisik
Closed system adalah sistem yang tidak berkomunikasi dengan lingkungannya
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Transaction Processing Systems (1950an)
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Data – terdiri atas fakta dan angka yang biasanya tidak bermanfaat karena volumenya yang besar dan sifatnya yang masih belum diolah.
Information – processed data that is meaningful; tells users something.
Transaction Processing System (TPS) processes data that reflects the activities of the firm.
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Figure 1.7 A Model of a Transaction Processing System
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Management Information Systems (1960an)
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Management Information System (MIS) adalah suatu sistem berbasis komputer yang membuat informasi tersedia bagi para pengguna yang memiliki kebutuhan serupa
Report-writing software – menghasilkan laporan berkala maupun khusus
Mathematical models – menghasilkan informasi sebagai hasil dari suatu simulasi atas operasi perusahaan.
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Figure 1.8 A MIS Model
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MIS (Cont’d)
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Information provided by MIS describes the firm or one of its major systems.What has happened in the past.What is happening now.What is likely to happen in the
future.Interorganizational information system
(IOS) (1970an) – is formed when a firm interacts with others, such as suppliers.
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Virtual Office Systems (1970an)
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Office automation – penggunaan elektronik untuk memfasilitasi komunikasi (administratif)
Personal productivity systems – menggunakan teknologi untuk melakukan pengelolaan sendiri atas sebagian tugas-tugas administratif yang tadinya membantu manager di tahun 1960-an, seperti kalender, buku alamat.
Virtual office – melakukan aktifitas kantor tanpa tergantung pada satu lokasi fisik tertentu, seperti video conference
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Decision Support Systems (1970an)
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Decision Support System (DSS) – assists management in solving a problem.
Groupware – group-oriented software.Group decision support system (GDSS)
combines groupware and the DSS.Artificial intelligence (AI) – ilmu yang
memberikan kemampuan bagi komputer untuk menunjukkan perilaku sama dengan seorang manusia yang memiliki kecerdasan.
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Figure 1.9 A DSS Model
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Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (1990an)
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Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) adalah sistem berbasis komputer yang memungkinkan manajemen seluruh sumber daya perusahaan dalam basis keseluruhan organisasi Y2K complaint : kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh program2
komputer dalam menyimpan tahun dalam dua digit (tahun 2000 menjadi 00) ex : tahun 2000-1998 maka 00-1998 = -98
Teori Y2K adalah kekuatan pendorong dibalik implementasi ERP semakin terbukti dengan melambatnya tingkat pertumbuhan penjualan para penjual ERP besar pada tahun 1999
SAP – ERP Provider (german)
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Information System Users
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First users were clerical users on TPSs.MISs added problem-solvers as users.Managerial Levels
Strategic planning level Management control level Operational control level
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Figure 1.10 Management Levels
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Figure 1.11 Managers in Business Areas
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Figure 1.12 Management Functions
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Problem Solving & Decision Making
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Problem – adalah kondisi atau peristiwa yang merugikan bagi sebuah perusahaan atau yang menguntungkan atau memiliki potensi untuk menghasilkan keuntungan
Solution – hasil dari aktifitas pemecahan masalah.
Decision – tindakan tertentu yang dipilih. Biasanya pemecahan satu masalah akan membutuhkan beberapa keputusan.
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Four Problem-Solving Phases
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Intelligence activity. Mencari kondisi-kondisi yang membutuhkan solusi didalam lingkungan
Design activity. Menemukan, mengembangkan dan menganalisis kemungkinan-kemungkinan tindakan
Choice activity. Memilih satu tindakan tertentu dari berbagai tindakan yang tersedia
Review activity. Menilai pilihan-pilihan masa lalu
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Figure 1.13 Information Supports Each Problem-solving Phase
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The Future of Information Technology
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Reduced cost & increased power of both computers and communications.
Computers & communications are converging, i.e. cell phones with browsers.
Future computing will be low cost, small in size, mobile, and connected.