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Mekanisme Kerja Hormon
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Hormone Action
The action of a hormone: efek primer pada
sel ( ikatan hormonreseptor spesifik):
hormonereceptor complex
complex effector system signal
transducing mechanismbiochemical
process(es) within the cell.
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in tracel lular recep to r
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Complex activates a gene (transcription factor)
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The DNA sequences of several
hormone response elements (HREs)
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Transmembrane Receptors
. The signal activates a channel, an enzyme, or
a G-protein cascade.
Enzyme coupled receptors: Signal activates an
enzyme activity of the receptor itselftyrosinekinases, phospholipase C.
G-protein coupled receptors: Signal activates a G-
protein that activates downstream enzymesmakes
second messenger(cAMP or Ca2). Ion-channel coupled receptors: Signal activates an
ion channel
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Effector systems
Hormonereceptor complex:
meningkatkan aktivitas
enzim G-protein
ion channel
gene
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Hormonereceptor complex: meningkatkan
aktivitas enzim protein kinase
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PROTEIN KINASES
1. Transmembrane receptor kinases :tyrosine kinase
ATP : phosphorylate specific tyrosine enzymatic(amplification step).
2. serine/ threonineprotein kinasesATP to phosphorylate specific serine or threonine.
phosphorylation cascades :
one kinase phosphorylates another
MAP kinasekinase kinase. (mitogen-activated proteinkinase that phosphorylates MAP kinasekinase)
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.
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Membrane-boundphospholipase Hydrolisa: phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate(PIP2)
dua messenger, inositol trisphosphate (IP3)
diacylglycerol (DAG)
example: adrenaline binding to the -receptor in theliver: Ca2+ ions stimulate glycogenolysis
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glycogen synthase in muscle
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Enzymes and proteins regulated by
calcium or calmodulin.
Adenylyl cyclase
Ca2+-dependent protein kinases
Ca2+-Mg2+ ATPase
Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase
Some cytoskeletal proteins
Some ion channels (eg, L-type calcium channels)
Nitric oxide synthase
Phosphorylase kinase
Phosphoprotein phosphatase 2B
Some receptors (eg, NMDA-type glutamate recept
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Gomplex activates G-protein
H-R complex: activates G-protein activates a membrane-bound enzyme
(e.g. adenyl cyclase, which converts ATP
to cyclic AMP).
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G-Protein
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Pathway of glycogenesis and of
glycogenolysis in the liver
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Control of adipose tissue lipolysis.
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Cyclic GMP
Cyclic GMP: is made from GTP by the
enzyme guanylyl cyclase (activate : atrial
natriuretic factor)
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Control of phosphorylase in muscle.
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glycogen synthase in muscle