MicroSim Tutorial
Simulation program Test and Refine your design before ever touching a piece of hardware.
Pspice A/D, Pspice A/D, 是 是 Pspice Pspice 的 的 Windows Windows 版版 ,,而 而 Pspice Pspice 是 是 SPICE SPICE 軟體的一支軟體的一支 ,,SPICE SPICE 軟體是一種專門針對電路模擬分析軟體是一種專門針對電路模擬分析的軟體的軟體 , , 原本原本 PSPICE PSPICE 是一套 是一套 DOS DOS 版的軟體版的軟體 ,,是由 是由 SPICE 2 SPICE 2 所發展出來所發展出來 ..
SPICE SPICE2PSPICE
IS-SPICE
HSPICE
Pspice A/D
SPICE SPICE 的全名是的全名是Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit
Emphasis,Emphasis,
由上面的全名可以知道是專門為積體電路進由上面的全名可以知道是專門為積體電路進行模擬分析的程式行模擬分析的程式 , , 由於積體電路越來越複由於積體電路越來越複雜雜 , , 難以利用紙筆分析結果難以利用紙筆分析結果 , , 所以利用電腦所以利用電腦軟體分析這些越來越複雜的電路軟體分析這些越來越複雜的電路 , , 可以在最可以在最快的時間內快的時間內 , , 得到最正確的結果得到最正確的結果 ..
利用元件符號編輯器利用元件符號編輯器 ,,
可以產生符號元件庫可以產生符號元件庫 (.(.slb)slb) 和模擬資料庫和模擬資料庫 (.(.lib),lib),
由這兩個資料庫檔案才能建立電路圖由這兩個資料庫檔案才能建立電路圖 ,,
透過 透過 Schematics Schematics 功能的電路圖編輯器功能的電路圖編輯器 ,,
呼叫符號元件庫和模型資料庫中的元件呼叫符號元件庫和模型資料庫中的元件和模型和模型 ((Model), Model), 即可以建立電路檔案即可以建立電路檔案 (.(.sch).sch).
電路檔案必須 電路檔案必須 Extract Netlist,Extract Netlist,
產生執行 產生執行 Pspice Pspice 所需的檔案所需的檔案(.(.cir, .net cir, .net 和 和 ..als),als),
把上面檔案送入 把上面檔案送入 Pspice Pspice 電路模擬器電路模擬器 ,,
模擬分析電路模擬分析電路 ,,
會產生兩種會產生兩種輸出方式 輸出方式 ::
文字輸出檔文字輸出檔 (.(.out)out)
和圖形資料檔和圖形資料檔 (.(.dat),dat),
其中圖形資料檔其中圖形資料檔 (.(.dat)dat)可以利用 可以利用 Probe Probe 功能產生圖形功能產生圖形 ,, 提供使用者分提供使用者分析析 ..
檔案 代表內容
.slb 儲存元件符號 (symbol) 的資料庫檔案
.lib 儲存元件模型 (Model) 的資料庫檔案
.sch 儲存利用電路圖編輯器產生的電路圖
.cir 儲存參考到 netlist, alias 和 model 檔案的電路圖 , 可以直接送入 Pspice 分析結果 , 這是 Pspice 軟體最重要的檔案.net 儲存所有元件和它們之間的連接情況 (netlist)
.als 儲存電路節點的名稱 , 模型的特性值及元件的別名
.out 儲存文字輸出結果
.dat 儲存圖形資料結果 , 可以送入 Probe 中 , 分析圖形
• Draw the schematic of the circuit.• Change the values of the
components and sources.• Add any probe or marker.• Setup analysis• Run simulation.• Add the traces in the probe.
Procedure For simulation in schematics
Schematic Circuit•A part is a basic circuit element, such as a resistor or power source. Each part is associated with a part name and is stored in a library.
Part
ConnectionReference
Value
V1=10VR1=1KGND_EARTHAnalysis/Setup/Bias Point DetailAnalysis/Display Result on Schematic/Enable
•Connections are made primarily by wire segments and bus strips.
Part
ConnectionReference
Value
V1=10VR1=1KGND_EARTHAnalysis/Setup/Bias Point DetailAnalysis/Display Result on Schematic/Enable
•References are unique names for parts. Unlike the generic part names (such as VDC and R), references are different for each instance of the same part.
Part
ConnectionReference
Value
V1=10VR1=1KGND_EARTHAnalysis/Setup/Bias Point DetailAnalysis/Display Result on Schematic/Enable
•Values give the magnitude of each part instance. As an option, a name can be associated with each value.
Part
ConnectionReference
Value
V1=10VR1=1KGND_EARTHAnalysis/Setup/Bias Point DetailAnalysis/Display Result on Schematic/Enable
•Run simulation
Part
ConnectionReference
Value
V1=10VR1=1KGND_EARTHAnalysis/Setup/Bias Point DetailAnalysis/Display Result on Schematic/Enable
Output fileEach time Pspice performs an analysis it automatically generates an output file.
Netlist field.* Schematics Netlist *V_V1 $N_0001 0 10VR_R1 0 $N_0001 1K
Alias Field.* Schematics Aliases * .ALIASESV_V1 V1(+=$N_0001 -=0 )R_R1 R1(1=0 2=$N_0001 ).ENDALIASES
Small signal bias solution.**** SMALL SIGNAL BIAS SOLUTION TEMPERATURE = 27.000 DEG CNODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE NODE VOLTAGE ($N_0001) 10.0000 VOLTAGE SOURCE CURRENTS NAME CURRENT V_V1 -1.000E-02 TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION 1.00E-01 WATTS
Design Entry
1. To open a Design Manager :
To open the Evaluation Version
Double-Click on the Pspice-Evaluate Version icon
To open the Full Version
Double-Click on the [Pspice8] Design Manager icon
Schematics
PSpice A/D
Parts
Probe
Stimulus Editor
TextEdit
Schematics is a design entry program you need to prepare your circuit for simulation. This means:
•Placing and connecting part symbols,
•Defining component values and other attributes,
•Defining input waveforms,
•Enabling one or more analyses, and
•Marking the points in the circuit where you want to see results.
Schematics is also the control point for running other programs used in the simulation design flow.
使用者利用此功能 , 可以建立一個所需要的電路檔案 , 本功能是 Pspice A/D 軟體的人機介面 , 電路檔案呼叫 Pspice A/D 分析 , 利用 Probe 觀看模擬分析結果的圖形 .
PSpice A/D
此功能是 Pspice A/D 軟體的核心部份 , 有了此功能才會有其他功能的出現 , 利用前面 Schematics 功能產生的電路檔案 , 輸入本軟體中 , 進行模擬分析 .
The Parts utility is a model extractor that generates model definitions for PSpice to use during simulation.
雖然 Pspice A/D 軟體提供了大量元件符號資料庫 , 但是使用者可能希望建立自己的元件庫 , 以提供自己的電路使用 , 所以可以利用本功能來建立自己的元件庫 . 但是評估版只能設計二極體元件 , 所以並不適合使用 .
Probe is a graphical results analyzer. When PSpice completes the simulation, Probe plots the waveform results so you can visualize the circuit’s behavior and determine the validity of your design.
觀察分析結果
The Stimulus Editor is a graphical input waveform editor that lets you define the shape of time-based signals used to test your circuit’s response during simulation.
可以產生電路訊號 , 提供電路使用 , 但是評估版只能提供類比訊號的正弦波和數位訊號的時脈 .
2. To create/open a schematics file :
Click on the Schematics icon on Design Manager to open MicroSim Schematics.
Select File/New or click on the new file icon to create new file.
Select File/Open or click on the open file icon to open existing file.
Select Draw/Get new part [Ctrl+G] or click on the get new part icon to get new part.
Part Browers Advanced windows is shown below.
In the Part Name text box, type name of the component e.g. VDC.
Click Place & Close icon.
Move the component to the correct position on the schematic.
Right-click to cancel placement.
Part Name DescriptionB GaAsFETC CapacitorD DiodeE Voltage-controlled voltage sourceF Current-controlled current sourceG Voltage-controlled current sourceH Current-controlled voltage sourceI Simple AC current source; DCJ JFETK Non-linear, magnetic coreL InductorM MOSFETQ BJT bipolar transistorR ResistorS Voltage-controlled switch breakout deviceT Transmission LineV Voltage sourceW Current-controlled switch breakout device
3. Changing the value of a component:
Double-click on the attribute value to change the values of a component e.g. 0V.
In the Set Attribute Value dialog box, type the correct value. Then Click OK.
Or Double-click on the component to change the other values of a component.
3. Changing the value of a component:
比例代號 代表值F 1e-15=10-15
P 1e-12=10-12
N 1e-9=10-9
U 1e-6=10-6
MIL 25.4e-6=25.4x10-6
M 1e-3=10-3
K 1e3=103
MEG 1e6=106
G 1e9=109
T 1e12=1012
4. Changing the reference number of a component:
Double-click on the current reference number e.g. V1 to change the reference number of a component.
5. Edit the component : Moving a component:
Click on the component once to select it. Drag the component to a new location.
Rotating a component:
Click on the component once to select it. Select Edit/Rolate [Ctrl+R] to rotate the component in 45 degree.
Flipping a component:
Click on the component once to select it. Select Edit/Flip [Ctrl+F] to flip the component.
Deleting a component:
Click on the component once to select it. Select Edit/Delete [DELETE] to delete the component.
6. Wiring :
Select Draw/Wire [Ctrl+W] or click on the draw wire icon to wire the components together.
Press Right-Click mouse or [ESC] to finish wiring.
Labeling a wire
Double-click on the wire to select it. In the Set Attribute Value window type the label of the wire.
7. Adding a Current Source :
IAC - Simple AC current source IDC - Simple DC current source IPULSE - Pulse current source IPWL - Piecewise linear current source
8. Adding a Voltage Source :
VAC - AC Voltage Source VDC - DC Voltage Source VPULSE - Voltage Pulse Source VSRC - AC or DC Voltage Source VSTIM - Voltage source for StmEd
ACMAG=?ACPHASE=?
DC=?
V1=?, V2=?, TD=?, TR=?, TF=?, PW=?, PER=?
指數波形電源 VEXP (Exponential delay voltage source) V1=?, V2=?, TD1=?, TC1=?, TD2=?, TC2=?
分段線性電源 VPWL (Piecewise linear voltage source) T1=?, V1=? …….
單頻調頻電源 VSFEM (Single-Frequency FM voltage source) VOFF=?, VAMPL=?, FC=?, MOD=?, FM=?
弦波電源 VSIN (Transient sine voltage source) VOFF=?, VAMPL=?, FREQ=?, TD=?, DF=?, PHASE=?
電壓控制電壓源 E (Voltage-controlled voltage source) E=GAIN=?
電壓控制電流源 G (Voltage-controlled current source) G=GAIN=?
電流控制電壓源 H (Current-controlled voltage source) H=GAIN=?
電流控制電流源 F (Current-controlled current source) F=GAIN=?
9. Changing the settings for current / voltage sources :
TD - Time delay 延遲時間
TR - Rise Time 上升時間
TF - Fall Time 下降時間
PER – Period 週期
PW - Pulse width 脈波寬度
VOFF - Offset voltage漂移電壓
FREQ – Frequency弦波頻率
VAMP- Amplitude峰值電壓
10. Adding Connection bubbles :
Select Draw/Get new part [Ctrl+G] or click on the get new part icon to get new part.
In the Part Name text box, type bubble.
Place the connection bubble in the circuit.
Adding connection bubbles
Bubbles are components used to connect one part to another without using wire connection.
11. Adding Probes :
Adding a marker to a node
Voltage and current markers are used to probe the voltage or current.
After simulation, PSPICE automatically plot the results.
Voltage marker
Select Markers/Mark Voltage/Level [Ctrl+M] or click voltage marker icon to place the voltage marker.
Current marker
Select Markers/Mark Current into Pin or click current marker to place the current marker. Voltage
Differential marker
Select Markers/Mark Differential Voltage. Place the two marker + and - between the circuit.
Advanced marker
Select Markers/Advanced… Place the marker on the circuit.
12. Enable Bias voltage display and Bias current display Icon
After simulation, the DC values of voltage and current can be displayed using these functions.
Analysis Setup
Select Analysis/Setup or click on the setup analysis icon to setup analysis.
Analysis setup window will display.
DC currents and voltages are automatically calculated. It is default.
DC Analysis
(Bias Point Detail)
Under Pspice, the steady state (DC) component is known as the bias point solution and is always calculated first. Since bias-point values do not change with the passage of time, they can be displayed as simple numeric constants.
Transfer Function
The transfer function is the ratio of output over input.
Change one or more DC voltage source at the same time.
The output is with respect to the source being swept.
DC Sweep
是指輸入變數在某個範圍內 , 以遞增或遞減方式 , 計算電路的直流分析 .
DC Sweep
Nested Sweep…… 巢式掃描
Sensitivity
靈敏度分析是指電路中每一個電路元件參數變化時 , 對輸出電壓變數或輸出電流變數的影響情況 .分析結果是以文字輸出檔輸出 . (.out file)
Sensitivity is a tolerance problem. For example, we might use DC sensitivity analysis to tell us how each resistor in the circuit affects the Q point voltage. If we find that the Q point is very sensitive to a particular resistor, we might want to reduce that resistor’s tolerance from 10% to 1%.
AC Sweep Analysis determines the output with respect to the frequency.
AC Sweep Analysis
交流分析是利用訊號源做頻率變化 , 測量電路性能的改變情況 .
Noise AnalysisNoise function generates a noise density spectrum for each device over a range of frequencies and performs an RMS sum at the specified output node. (.out file)
Transient Analysis(Transient)
Transient analysis determines the output with respect to time.
Fourier AnalysisFourier analysis is the mathematical technique for switching between the time and frequency domains. (.out file)
Temperature Analysis
Determines the output affected from the tolerances of the components.
Monte Carlo/Worst Case Analysis
Monte Carlo AnalysisDuring a Monte Carlo analysis, Pspice performs several runs of a DC, AC, or transient analysis, each time varying component values randomly within the tolerance range. Worst Case AnalysisWorst Case Analysis does not use random variations in several runs of a DC, AC, or transient analysis, each time varying component values within the tolerance range.
Parametric Analysis
RUNNING SIMULATION
Select Analysis/Simulate [F11] or click on the simulate icon to run simulation.
After simulation, the DC values of voltage and current can be displayed when using DC bias point analysis. And the Probe will automatically open and all of the value of marker will appear on the plot.
Message window will automatically open during simulation.
Viewing Results
MicroSim Probe is the waveform analyzer for Pspice simulations. In Probe, you can visually analyze and interactively manipulate the waveform data produced by circuit simulation.
Traces to the plot from marker
When voltage or current markers were marked in the schematic, the plot will automatically display.
Add Additional Traces to the plot
Select Trace/Add [Insert] to add new traces.
Then choose from the left column
or in the Trace Expression, type name of the expression.
Add an Additional PlotSelect Plot/Add Plot to add a new plot. Add a Title to the PlotSelect Edit/Modify Title to modify the title.
Change Axis Settings
Select Plot/Y-Axis settings or double-click on the y-axis to change the Y-Axis settings.
Select Plot/X-Axis settings or double-click on the x-axis to change the X-Axis settings.
Add a Text LabelsSelect Tools/Label/Text to add text label. Add probe cursorsSelect Tools/Cursor/Display to add cursors on the plot.A probe cursor box will appear. Coordinates of cursor will display.
Split two probe cursor (A1, A2)
One cursor is selected by left mouse button and the other cursor is selected by right mouse button.
Label a probe cursor coordinates
Using left mouse button or right mouse button to select the cursor,
Select Tools/label/Mark to label the cursor coordinates directly.
Example 1
Click on the Schematics icon on Design Manager to open MicroSim Schematics.
Select File/New or Click on the new file icon to create new file. Select Draw/Get New Part and select uA741, C, R, VDC, VSRC, GND_ANALOG. Double-click on the attribute value to change the values of a component. Select Draw/Wire and to connect the component. Select File/Save to save your file. Double-click VSRC (V3) to change AC to 1.
Select Analysis/Setup to setup analysis. And select Bias Point Detail. After simulation, the DC values of voltage and current can be displayed using these functions.
DC Sweep Select Analysis/Setup to setup analysis. And select DC Sweep. Change Name to V3, Change Start, End and Increment Value to –10, +10 and 0.1. In order to simulate the circuit with the DC input voltage from -10 Volts to 10 Volts with a voltage increment of 0.1 Volts.
Select Analysis/Simulate [F11] to run simulation. MicroSim Probe Window will automatically display. Select Trace/Add in MicroSim Probe. Select V(U1:OUT) to add the output voltage of the Operational Amplifier. Select V(3:+) to add the positive terminal of the input source.
AC Sweep Select Analysis/Setup to setup analysis. And select AC Sweep. Only V3 is AC source. AC sweep is analysis from V3.Change type to DecadeChange Pts/Decade, Start Freq and End Freq to 10, 10 and 100K. The simulation will decade form with 10 points per decade with the frequency of the AC source swept from 10 Hz to 100 kHz.
Select Analysis/Simulate [F11] to run simulation. MicroSim Probe Window will automatically display. Select Trace/Add in MicroSim Probe. Select DB( ) from function or macro window and then select V(U1:OUT).
Transient
For a transient type analysis, one of possible input source is VPWL (Piecewise Linear Voltage Source). Select Draw/Get New Part and select VPWL. Double-click VPWL(V3). Change DC to 0, change AC to 0, and then change T1 = 0m V1 = 0v T2 = 0.1m V2 = 1v T3 = 5.0m V3 = 1v T4 = 5.1m V4 = 0v T5 = 7.0m V5 = 0v T6 = 7.1m V6 = -2v T7 = 9.0m V7 = -2v T8 = 9.1m V8 = 0v
Select Analysis/Setup to setup analysis. And select Transient. Change Print Step and Final Time to 10ns and 10ms.
Select Analysis/Simulate [F11] to run simulation. MicroSim Probe Window will automatically display. Select Trace/Add in MicroSim Probe. Select V(U1:OUT) and V(V3:+).
Exercise 1Exercise 1
2.sch
Exercise 2Exercise 2
3.sch
Exercise 3Exercise 3
4.sch
Exercise 4Exercise 4
5.sch
Exercise 5Exercise 5
6.sch
Loading effects
Exercise 6Exercise 6
7.sch
Exercise 7Exercise 7
Zener Diode
8.sch
Example2Example2GeneratorHalfwave rectifier
9.sch
Peak RectifierAdd a filter capacitor to smooth out the waveform.
10.sch
Low-Pass FilterAdd low-pass filter shorts the AC ripple to ground
11.sch
Voltage RegulatorZener regulator
12.sch
Voltage Regulation testTo test the voltage regulation characteristics by adding a nested sweep of the R4.
13.sch
Transformer
14.sch
Example 3:
Bias Point Analysis
DC Sweep Analysis
Transient AnalysisPlace a VSTIM symbol.Double-click the VSTIM symbol.
In the Set Attribute Value dialog box,
type SINE, then click OK.
The New Stimulus dialog boxand the Stimulus Editor appear.
AC Sweep Analysis
VAC
From the Markers menu, select Mark Advanced.Double-click Vdb.Place one Vdb marker on the output net,
and place another on the Mid net.
Place a Vphase marker on the output next to the Vdb
marker.
Parametric Analysis
From the Trace menu, select Add.In the Trace Expression text box, type the following:Vdb(Out)@1 Vdb(Out)@21
Click OK.
Monte Carlo AnalysisMonte Carlo Analysis
Click on R1 and Select Edit/ModelR=1 LOT=10% DEV=10%C=1 LOT=10% DEV=10%In Analysis/setupAC Sweep Type =Decade,Pts/Decade =5,Start freq.=1,End freq.=100k
Worst CaseWorst CaseAnalysisAnalysis
Fourier AnalysisFourier Analysis
Exercise 8Exercise 8
Multiplier
15.sch
Exercise 9Exercise 9NPN bipolar transistor
16.sch
Differential Amplifier
Exercise10Exercise10
17.sch
Inverting Summing Amplifier
Exercise11Exercise11
18.sch
Unity Gain Amplifier
Exercise12Exercise12
19.sch
Integrator1Meg resister is used in simulation.
Exercise13Exercise13
20.sch
Differentiator
Exercise14Exercise14
21.sch
Non-inverting Amplifier
Exercise15Exercise15
22.sch
Inverting Amplifier
Exercise16Exercise16
23.sch
Exercise17Exercise17
24.sch
Gain vs FrequencyWith different R2
Lowpass filter
Exercise18Exercise18
25.sch
Highpass filter
Exercise19Exercise19
26.sch
Bandpass filter
Exercise20Exercise20
27.sch
Inverter
Example4Example4
28.sch
VPULSE
Propagation Delay
Exercise21Exercise21
29.sch
Clock
Example5Example5
30.sch
DigClock
STIM4 system bus
Exercise22Exercise22
31.sch
MOD-10
Exercise23Exercise23
32.sch
Shift Register
Exercise24Exercise24
33.sch
DIGITAL ANALYSIS Select DIGSTIM, GLOBAL in Part Browser
Example6Example6
34.sch
Digstim
Using Editor to create .stl file
Select Analysis/Library and Include File…Browse the .stl file Add stimulus file Select Analysis/SetupClick Transient AnalysisPrint step = 0.1usFinal Time = 20us
Worst Case Analysis
Click Digital Setup in Analysis/SetupTiming Mode = Worst-Case [Min/Max]
Default A/D Interface = Level 1
Flip-flip Initialization = All X
35.sch
Exercise25Exercise25
Double Click DSTIM3 UClock to open Stimulus Editor to edit UClock
Using Editor to add UClear and UInput signal in .stl file
Select Analysis/Library and Include File…Browse the .stl fileAdd stimulus file Select Analysis/SetupClick Transient AnalysisPrint step = 0.1usFinal Time = 20us
Example of schematic of LM380:
LM380LM380
No library, ERROR occurs.
Import library of LM380:Select Analysis/Library and Include Files.Click Browse icon and select the lm380.lib file.Click Add library icon to add lm380.lib.
http://www.cadencepcb.com/products/downloads/PSpicestudent/default.asp
Pspice.comPspice.com
http://www.aboutspice.com/
Author Goody, Roy W.
TitleOrCAD PSpice for Windows / Roy W. Goody.
Publisher Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Prentice Hall, c2001.
Edition 3rd ed.
LOCATION CALL NO. STATUS UL TK454 .G66 2001 v.1 DUE 21-05-02 UL TK454 .G66 2001 v.2 DUE 21-05-02 UL TK454 .G66 2001 v.3 DUE 23-05-02Subject PSpice for Windows.
Electric circuits -- Computer simulation.
Electronic circuits -- Computer simulation.
Note 2nd ed. under title: MicroSim PSpice for Windows. c1998.
Includes index.
Contents v. 1. DC and AC circuits -- v. 2. Devices, circuits, and operational amplifiers -- v. 3. Digital and data communications.
Author Lu, Qinyong.
盧勤庸 .
TitleDian zi dian lu mo ni : shi yong PSpice A/D / Lu Qinyong bian zhu.
電子電路模擬 : 使用 PSpice A/D / 盧勤庸編著 . Publisher Taibei Shi : Quan hua ke ji tu shu gu fen you xian gong si, [min guo] 89 [2000]
台北市 : 全華科技圖書股份有限公司 , [ 民國 ]89[2000]
Edition Xiu ding ban, 2 ban.
修訂版 , 2 版 .
LOCATION CALL NO. STATUS
UL TK454 .L796 2000 DUE 14-05-02
UL TK454 .L796 2000 CDROM
NOT CHCKD OUT
Subject PSpice. Electric circuit analysis -- Data processing.
Electronic Workbench
TopSpice
WinSpice
MacroSim Digital Simulator